可可西里盆地瘭生代沉积演化历史重建

青藏高原北部可可西里盆地是高原腹地最大的第三纪沉积盆地，分布着厚度达5737.5m的新生代沉积。本文根据遍布整个盆地的野外实测剖面和地质观察点资料，采有典型剖面精确古地磁测年为基础的时间框架，开展沉积层序、岩笥特征、沉环境和古水流变化综合对比研究，将可可西里盆地新生代（约56Ma至约16Ma）划分为7个演化阶段，其中在30Ma至约23Ma期间盆地经历抬升变形，没有沉积作用发生。结果显示，前6个阶段（约56Ma至30Ma），盆地沉积中心逐渐向北、向东迁移，盆地南缘和西缘的构造逆冲作用逐步加强，而且在晚渐新世发生强烈南北向地壳缩短，反映青藏高原腹地早期隆升过程中依靠南北向地壳缩短和北东向逆冲扩展作用来实现的。在早中新世（约23Ma至约16Ma），盆地沉积物遭受低度变形，表明此期间高原以差异隆升为主。     

西金乌兰构造混杂带中基底变质岩的特征和意义

在可可西里的西金乌兰湖一带首次发现了基底变质岩。岩石组合以石英质变质岩石组成。原岩为沉积建造。出露仅限于西金乌兰构造混杂带内。根据区域对比，认为是羌塘陆块的结晶基底。说明西金乌兰构造混杂带是羌塘陆块上裂解形成的。     

Facies analysis and depositional systems of Cenozoic sediments in the Hoh Xil basin, northern Tibet

A sedimentary succession more than 5800 m thick, including the Lower Eocene to Lower Oligocene Fenghuoshan Group, the Lower Oligocene Yaxicuo Group, and the Lower Miocene Wudaoliang Group, is widely distributed in the Hoh Xil piggyback basin, the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of the Tibetan plateau. The strata of the Fenghuoshan and Yaxicuo groups have undergone strong deformation, whereas only minor tilting has occurred in the Wudaoliang Group. We analyze their sedimentary facies and depositional systems to help characterize continental collision and early uplift of the Tibetan plateau. The results indicate fluvial, lacustrine, and fan-delta facies for the Fenghuoshan Group, fluvial and lacustrine facies for the Yaxicuo Group, and lacustrine facies for the Wudaoliang Group. Development of the Hoh Xil basin underwent three stages: (1) the Fenghuoshan Group was deposited mainly in the Fenghuoshan-Hantaishan sub-basin between 56.0 and 31.8 Ma ago; (2) the Yaxicuo Group was deposited mainly in the Wudaoliang and Zhuolai Lake sub-basins between 31.8 and 30.0 Ma ago; and (3) the Wudaoliang Group was deposited throughout the entire Hoh Xil basin during the Early Miocene. The Fenghuoshan and Yaxicuo groups were deposited in piggyback basins during the Early Eocene to Early Oligocene, whereas the Wudaoliang Group was deposited in a relatively stable large lake. The Hoh Xil basin underwent two periods of strong north–south shortening, which could have been produced by the collision between India and Asia and the early uplift of the Tibetan plateau. The study suggests the Hoh Xil region could reach a high elevation during the Late Oligocene and the diachronous uplift history for the Tibetan plateau from east to west.     

青海可可西里盐湖水化学及硼同位素地球化学特征

本文主要依据2009—2010年间的考察对可可西里地区盐湖进行了水化学及硼同位素分布特征研究。结果表明,除前人发现的5个盐湖外,可可西里东部新发现的多秀湖、茶错、布查湖和果木错玛德日4个湖泊也属于盐湖;勒斜武担湖为氯化物型盐湖,其余8个盐湖均为硫酸盐型盐湖;盐湖及周围水体皆富集B、Li元素,形成以盐湖为中心的含量高值区,且B-Li元素对显示出协同消长关系,表明在该地区这两种元素的物质来源、搬运条件及富集环境具有相似性;正热电离质谱法测量结果显示,本区盐湖δ11B值的变化范围在+4.77‰~+12.52‰之间,远低于海水δ11B值,证明这些盐湖均属陆相成因,与前人对青藏高原地区盐湖成因的研究结果相一致;勒斜武担湖和布查盐湖北部均出露有大量泉水,水化学分析和硼同位素分析数据表明,勒斜武担湖和布查盐湖分别与各自周围的泉水具有同源性,认为这些泉水是这两个盐湖的主要物质来源;根据区域地质构造特征和硼同位素地球化学数据,可判断出新青峰喷泉中的硼主要来自于深部火山岩溶滤。     

可可西里库赛湖KS-2006孔矿物组成揭示的青藏高原北部晚全新世气候变迁

通过对可可西里库赛湖KS-2006孔矿物组合的分析表明:库赛湖沉积的碳酸盐为以文石为主的自生碳酸盐,其含量的高低能够指示温度的变化;盐类矿物只是在2150 cal aBP以来才出现,表明湖水盐度增高,与此同时,石英含量的持续增高可能同冷干气候条件下该区风成活动的加强有关.青藏高原北部晚全新世的气候环境演化过程为:377...     

MASS ACCUMULATION IN THE CENOZOIC HOH XIL BASIN,NORTHERN TIBET

MASS ACCUMULATION IN THE CENOZOIC HOH XIL BASIN,NORTHERN TIBET1　BarronEJ,WashingtonWM .Theroleofgeographicvariablesinexplainingpaleoclimates:ResultsfromCretaceousclimatemodelsensitivitystudies[J] ..JournalofGeophysicalResearch ,1984 ,89:12 6 7～ 12 79. 2　HayWW ,ShawCA ,WoldCN .Mass balancedpaleogeographicreconstructions[J] ..GeologischeRundschau,1989,78( 1) :2 0 7～ 2 4 2 . 3　LiuZhifei,WangChengshan .FaciesanalysisanddepositionalprocessesofCenozoicsed…     

可可西里盆地早渐新世雅西措群沉积环境分析及古气候意义

可可西里盆地是青藏高原腹地最大的第三纪沉积盆地,第三纪沉积地层包括早始新世 -早渐新世风火山群、早渐新世雅西措群、早中新世五道梁群。其中,雅西措群为紫红色、砖红色泥岩、含膏泥岩与紫红色粉砂岩、细砂岩韵律互层,夹白色石膏薄层和石膏结核层,沉积厚度为 6 70.0m,沉积环境主要由河流和湖泊环境组成,并以湖泊环境为主,古水流方向反映盆地沉积中心逐渐向东向北迁移。雅西措群中石膏层的突然大量出现发生在底部地层距今约32.0Ma,体现了渐新世最早期的全球变冷变干事件在青藏高原北部的记录。     

可可西里地区库赛湖变化及湖水外溢成因

以库赛湖研究区地形图、Landsat TM/ETM+和中国环境与灾害监测预报卫星HJ1A/BCCD影像为基础,结合五道梁气象站气温降水资料,利用地理信息技术和数理统计方法,对2011 年9 月可可西里地区库赛湖湖水外溢成因进行分析。结果表明,库赛湖湖水外溢发生在2011 年9 月20 日至30 日期间,卓乃湖湖水进入库赛湖是后者发生变化的直接原因,而库赛湖规模近20 年来的持续增长,尤其是2006 年之后湖泊面积快速增加是其湖水外溢的基础。卓乃湖湖水外泄的主要诱因是区域持续降水,其中8 月17 日和21 日强降水使卓乃湖于8 月22 日出现漫顶溢流,8 月31 日至9 月5 日、9 月16 日至17 日期间两次持续降水导致卓乃湖水量剧增,并在9 月14 日至21 日期间形成洪水。由于水量外泄,卓乃湖面积骤降,截至11 月29 日,湖泊面积168.07 km²,仅为8 月22 日湖泊面积的62%,共减少104.88 km²。库赛湖外溢湖水流入海丁诺尔后又进入盐湖,其中海丁诺尔湖水进入盐湖时间介于10 月6 日至20 日期间。外来湖水大量进入导致海丁诺尔和盐湖在10-11月份快速扩大。     

可可西里古近系石盐测井评价方法研究

可可西里雅西措组发育多层石盐层。为有效识别石盐矿深度、厚度,预测其工业品位,提出基于归一化后的自然伽马和密度曲线重构石盐指示曲线,用以划分石盐与砂泥岩,该方法与测井交会图法、测井曲线重叠法相比精度高。利用石盐指示曲线与石盐样品测试结果建立预测石盐矿工业品位相关关系,与自然伽马法、孔隙度曲线法计算的结果相比,误差小,应用效果良好。因此,测井方法在石盐勘探评价中具有广泛的运用前景。     

Sedimentary Record of the Planation Surface in the Hoh Xil Region of the Northern Tibet Plateau

Miocene marl is the most widespread Tertiary stratigraphic record in the northern Tibet Plateau, termed the Wudaoliang Group in the Hoh Xil region and the correlative Suonahu Formation in the Qiangtang region. The uniform marl overlies red beds of the Eocene-Oligocene Fenghuoshan Group. The Wudaoliang Group is generally 100-400 m thick, but the thickest strata are 700-1300 m, located in the Haidinghu (Maiding Lake) and Tuotuohe (Tuotuo River) regions respectively. Based on observations from eight measured sections and outcrops, the thin-bedded marl, which varies in colour from grey-white to light brown-grey, is explained as a large-scale or serial lacustrine deposit stretching throughout northern Tibet.The Wudaoliang Group commonly crops out on geographic lowland at an average elevation of 4600 m above sea level within the mountain chains, showing concordant summit levels, e.g. the Fenghuoshan and Bairizhajia Mountains. These mountains with a flat ridge are considered to be remains of the palaeo-planati