甘肃敦煌水峡口地区前寒武纪岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

敦煌杂岩位于塔里木克拉通的东部,探寻和研究其中的早前寒武纪地质体对于探讨敦煌地块早前寒武纪地壳的形成和演化及其构造归属等问题具有重要的意义.甘肃敦煌水峡口地区的敦煌杂岩主要由英云闪长质片麻岩、花岗闪长质片麻岩以及表壳岩石组成.利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法测得水峡口英云闪长片麻岩和花岗片麻岩原岩的形成年龄分别为2561±16Ma和2510±22Ma,确证了在敦煌杂岩中存在太古宙岩石.此外,还获得斜长角闪岩的变质年龄为1806±14Ma,推测其原岩岩浆可能来自古老岩石圈地幔的部分熔融.根据已有的资料提出在古元古代晚期(1.80 ～ 1.85Ga)敦煌杂岩经历了一期较广泛的变质作用.锆石Hf同位素显示～2.5Ga的岩石年龄在敦煌地块代表新太古代晚期重要地壳生长时期,而～1.8Ga的构造-热事件则是以古老地壳物质循环再造为主.这些资料显示敦煌地块和华北克拉通在早前寒武纪经历了类似的地壳形成和演化过程,且共同记录了全球性的Columbia碰撞造山事件信息.     

胜利油田第一口绕锥水平井钻井技术

胜利油田永3断块是典型的复杂小断块油藏,为进一步对该类型油藏进行挖潜,在仔细分析剩余油富集模式的基础上,决定在合适位置部署绕锥水平井。在分析了永3断块储层特点的基础上,介绍了永3断块第一口绕锥水平井——永3平6井的基本设计及施工情况,阐述了绕锥水平井钻井的技术难点和采取的技术措施。该井的成功实施及顺利投产,证明了绕锥水平井适合胜利油田东部老油区剩余油的进一步挖潜,具有推广价值。     

海拉尔油田乌东区块螺旋井壁成因分析与解决方法

自海拉尔油田实施钻井提速以来,部分井出现螺旋井壁现象,对完井电测曲线造成一定影响,影响测井解释的共151口井,比例达15.60%。螺旋井壁现象在乌东区块尤为明显,仅乌东区块发生明显螺旋井达到36口,占乌东区块全部钻井的28.8%。从地质、工程等角度阐述了形成螺旋井的原因,并提出了解决思路与技术措施。2012年下半年在乌尔逊凹陷2口井试验螺旋井壁预防及解决方法,获得了较好的效果,未再大面积出现螺旋井壁现象。     

Annual dissolved fluxes from Central Nepal rivers: budget of chemical erosion in the Himalayas

Annual dissolved element fluxes of Himalayan rivers from Central Nepal are calculated using published river discharge and a new set chemical data of rivers, including monsoon sampling. These are used to study the control on chemical erosion of carbonate and silicate over the whole basin. Chemical erosion of carbonate is mainly controlled by the river runoff but it can be limited by the availability of carbonate in limestone-free basin. Chemical erosion of silicate is well correlated to the runoff. However differences between High Himalayan and Lesser Himalayan basins suggest that physical erosion may also play an important control on silicate weathering. To cite this article: C. France-Lanord et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

扬子地块古生代大地构造演化及古地磁学研究综述

本文简要地论述了扬子地块古生代大地构造研究现状，扬子与华夏地块之间的华南裂谷盆地于奥陶纪初发生收缩，直到加里东末期基本封闭，古生代扬子地块与华北地块之间的秦岭海槽以拉张为主，扬子地块西缘古生代期间处于相对稳定的构造环境，古生代末进入特提斯构造域，发生活化。     

再论华南（东）晋宁－加里东海盆地形成、演化及封闭

华南（东）晋宁－加里东海盆地形成于青白口纪，经历了晋宁期，加里东早期及加里东晚期３个演化阶段。海盆地基底为陆壳，形成于拉伸的裂谷环境，海盆地的封闭以陆内俯冲及拼贴为主，具多阶段性。海盆地基底，特别是华夏地块基底高热值属性导致了加里东海盆地有湘桂海盆地和赣闽粤海盆地２种类型，后者位于华夏基底之上，活动性明显，形成数条陆内动力热流变质带。     

黔东南重磁异常与金异常特征及找矿意义

为了深入挖掘黔东南地区的找矿潜力,对黔东南地区区域重磁异常进行解释,研究东部地区的天锦黎金矿密集区及西部地区的金化探异常分布特征,发现金矿床（点）和金化探（元素、块体）异常的产出,同重、磁异常平面分布和推断的岩浆岩侵入体（基性岩类、酸性岩、构造蚀变岩）及区域性深大断裂构造（东西向、南北向）的分布,存在着空间、时间和成因上的联系,由此拓开了黔东南天锦黎金矿密集区及外围金矿地质找矿的新思路,不要只限于在相关地质层位里和北东向构造及伴生断裂（即“背斜加一刀”）交会处及其附近,来寻找变质碎屑岩中的脉型金矿。     

Decomposition and Evolution of Intracontinental Strike-Slip Faults in Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Little attention had been paid to the intracontinental strike-slip faults of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the Longriba fault using re-measured GPS data in 2003, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this neglected fault. The local relief and transverse swath profile show that the Longriba fault is the boundary line that separates the high and flat tomography of the Tibet plateau from the high and precipitous tomography of Orogen. In addition, GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary line where the migratory direction of the Bayan Har block changed from eastward to southeastward. The GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary fault of the sub-blocks of the eastern Bayan Har block. We built three-dimensional models containing the Longriba fault and the middle segment of the Longmenshan fault, across the Bayan Har block and the Sichuan Basin. A nonlinear finite element method was used to simulate the fault behavior and the block deformation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the low resistivity and low velocity layer acts as a detachment layer, which causes the overlying blocks to move southeastward. The detachment layer also controls the vertical and horizontal deformation of the rigid Bayan Har block and leads to accumulation strain on the edge of the layer where the Longmenshan thrust is located. After a sufficient amount of strain has been accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, a large earthquake occurs, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The strike slip activity of the Longriba fault, which is above the low resistivity and low velocity layer, partitions the lateral displacements of the Bayan Har block and adjusts the direction of motion of the Bayan Har block, from the eastward moving Ahba sub-block in the west to southeastward moving Longmenshan sub-block in the east.