参量阵浅地层剖面测量技术 在近岸海洋工程的应用效果

介绍了海底浅地层声学探测技术的发展情况, 简述了新型参量阵声纳探测的原理和特点, 通过SES-96参量阵测深或浅地层剖面系统在山东半岛海区的应用实例, 对此新型参量阵声纳技术的应用效果进行了分析评价。     

HD-4002型综合测井仪

HD 4002型综合测井仪是核工业北京地质研究院于1998年开始研制的, 其目标是为铀矿地质系统提供适合砂岩型铀矿勘查的轻便型数字测井仪, 满足测井生产的需要。该仪器于2001 年3月通过部级鉴定, 2002至2003年投入海拉尔盆地铀矿勘查测井试生产。本文介绍了仪器的用途、功能及特点、性能指标, 简要说明了各部分的工作原理。     

基于DEM的地形简化方法对比分析

地形简化作为一门重要的数据压缩技术已广泛应用于DEM。在大量简化算法中，地形简化指标作为地形简化的核心环节，其好坏直接关系到地形简化的好坏。本文对基于局部误差、曲率和法向量的五个地形简化指标进行了分析评价，用离散的高斯合成曲面来模拟真实DEM，以解析得到的高斯曲率作为地形简化指标“真值”，对比研究了在离散高斯曲面上得到的五个简化指标与解析所得“真值”，通过对各个指标“保特征性”可信度的分析，获得了对这五个指标的整体评价，最后，实例验证了本文结论的正确性。     

摄影测量数据库的设计与建立

摄影测量数据库主要存储和管理数字地图成果数据，包括数字高程模型数据（DEM）、数字矢量地图数据（DLG）、数字影像地图数据（DOM）和数字栅格地图数据（DRG）。本文主要介绍了摄影测量数据库的设计、建立以及应用分析等内容。     

Combined Digital Photogrammetry and Time-of-Flight Laser Scanning for Monitoring Cliff Evolution

Although cliffs form approximately 75% of the world's coastline, the understanding of the processes through which they evolve remains limited because of a lack of quantitative data on the morphological changes they undergo. In this paper the combination of terrestrial time-of-flight laser scanning with high-resolution digital photogrammetry is examined to generate high-quality data-sets pertaining to the geomorphic processes governing cliff development. The study was undertaken on a section of hard rock cliffs in North Yorkshire, UK, which has been monitored over a 12-month period. High-density, laser-scanned point clouds have been used to produce an accurate representation of these complex surfaces, free from the optical variations that degrade photographic data. These data-sets have been combined with high-resolution photographic monitoring, resampled with the fixed accuracies of the terrestrial laser survey, to generate a new approach to recording the volumetric changes in complex coastal cliffs. This has led to significant improvements in the understanding of the activity patterns of coastal cliffs.     

Electrical aerosol spectrometer of Tartu University

The electrical aerosol spectrometer (EAS) of the parallel measuring principle at Tartu University is an efficient instrument for rapid measurement of the unstable size spectrum of aerosol particles. The measuring range from 10 nm to 10 μm is achieved by simultaneously using a pair of differential mobility analyzers with two different particle chargers. The particle spectrum is calculated and measurement errors are estimated in real time by using a least-squares method. Experimental calibration ensures reliability of measurement. The instrument is well suited for continuous monitoring of atmospheric aerosol.     

基于MAPGIS的掌上电子平板的设计与实现

在测量单位，采用电子手簿进行野外测量是非常普遍的，但是电子手簿有个缺点就是只能记录点，无法查看所测图形。随着硬件的发展，使用掌上电脑，开发掌上电子平板，以其方便、灵活、图形可视性好、功能强大等优点可以取代传统的电子手簿。基于WINDOWS CE操作系统和MAPGIS平台，根据界面图形化、格式标准化、图形可视化等原则，设计了一个完整的集计算、采集、管理于一体的野外现场成图系统。该系统能够记录原始数据、图形以及属性，能够方便地注记文字；实现野外现场成图，无需内业进行编辑。同时，介绍了数据通讯、UNICODE编码、符号库设计、图形显示、修测等功能，以及实现方法。     

Rates of Deglaciation during the Last Glaciation and Holocene in the Cordillera Vilcanota-Quelccaya Ice Cap Region, Southeastern Perú

Moraine chronology is combined with digital topography to model deglacial rates of paleoglacier volumes in both the Huancané Valley on the west side of the Quelccaya Ice Cap and the Upismayo Valley on the northwest side of the Cordillera Vilcanota. The fastest rates of deglaciation (39×10⁻⁵ to 114×10⁻⁵ km³ yr⁻¹ and 112×10⁻⁵ to 247×10⁻⁵ km³ yr⁻¹ for each valley, respectively) were calculated for the most recent paleoglaciers, corresponding to the last few centuries. These results are consistent with observations in the Venezuelan Andes showing high rates of deglaciation since the Little Ice Age. These rates also fall within the range of 20th century rates of deglaciation measured on the Quelccaya Ice Cap (29×10⁻⁵ to 220×10⁻⁵ km³ yr⁻¹, Brecher and Thompson, 1993; Thompson, 2000). These results imply that rates of deglaciation may fluctuate significantly over time and that high rates of deglaciation may not be exclusive to the late 20th century. Equilibrium line altitude (ELA) depressions for the ice volumes of the last glaciation modeled here were computed as 230 m for the Quelccaya Ice Cap and 170 m for the Cordillera Vilcanota. Maximum ELA depressions are lower than previously published: <500 m for the Cordillera Vilcanota and <400 m for the Quelccaya Ice Cap. These lower values could imply a topographic control over paleoglacier extent.     

Spectroscopic evidence for pressure-induced phase transitions in diopside

 Raman spectra of diopside were collected from atmospheric pressure to 71 GPa. The pressure dependences of 22 modes were determined. Changes occurred in the spectra at three different pressures. First, at approximately 10 GPa, the two Raman modes at 356 and 875 cm⁻¹ disappeared, while the mode at 324 cm⁻¹ split into two modes, diverging at this pressure with significantly different pressure shifts; second, at approximately 15 GPa, a small (1 to 2 cm⁻¹) drop in several of the frequencies was observed accompanied by changes in the pressure dependency of some of the modes; and third, above 55 GPa, the modes characteristic of chains of tetrahedrally coordinated silicon disappeared, while those for octahedrally coordinated silicon appeared. The first change at 10 GPa appears to be a C2/c to C2/c transition involving a change in the Ca coordination. The third change above 55 GPa appears to be a change in the silicon coordination. At 15 GPa, it is suggested that a change in compressional mechanism takes place. Received: 14 November 2000 / Accepted: 9 January 2002     

交流变频调速CD-2B型岩心钻机的研制

介绍了交流变频调速CD－2B型岩心钻机研制情况，技术参数，主要特点及型式检验，生产试验等情况。