基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法

在频率波数域和频率空间域实现了一种基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法，并在2-D空间进行了Marmousi模型炮集数据的处理.通过与Split-StepFourier、Phase-Screen和稳定的Born近似叠前深度偏移等方法比较，认为基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法不仅在效果上要优于前三者，而且还能更好地处理速度横向变化.在散射波场计算中，使用了一个更稳定的散射波场计算公式，扩大了拟线性Born近似的应用范围，使基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法能够适应更强的横向速度变化.     

干旱区绿洲退耕还林工程绩效评价研究——以张掖市为例

退耕还林,重建生态环境,是当前实施西部大开发的根本切人点.退耕还林工程是通过把原本是林地或草地的耕地恢复成原来的土地利用类型,使受损或退化生态系统最终成为健康的生态系统,从而使当地生态环境更适合人类生存发展.从此目标出发,抛开经济利益而从自然生态系统恢复和社会心理影响等方面建立指标体系,利用主成分分析法综合评价了干旱区内张掖市的退耕还林绩效.结果表明:2002-2004年张掖市退耕还林工程执行效果较好,其中生态系统在数量上恢复较好的乡镇有明花乡;生态系统在质量上恢复较好的有明花乡和平川镇;工程执行过程中居民保护环境意识有较大提高的有民联乡和霍城镇;人们满意程度最高的是明花乡.总体上看,张掖市退耕还林工程执行绩效最好的是明花乡,其次是平川镇,最差的是永固镇,其余处于中间水平.最后,在分析张掖市退耕还林绩效差异基础上,针对提高退耕还林工程绩效提出一些建议.     

基于黏声介质的角度域高斯束逆时偏移方法研究

高斯束逆时偏移是一种兼具计算效率和成像精度的深度域成像方法,能够面向目标成像.地下介质中黏滞性普遍存在,利用传统各向同性或完全弹性的成像方法处理黏滞性探区的数据会降低分辨率,并导致成像位置不准确和振幅欠估计等问题.本文在高斯束逆时偏移的基础上,通过对震源点和检波点处的波场进行衰减补偿,并结合高斯束求解时的角度信息,实现了黏声介质角度域高斯束逆时偏移方法.最后通过模型和实际资料试算对本文方法的正确性和适用性进行了验证.试算结果表明:相比于声波高斯束逆时偏移,本文方法能够对黏滞性引起的吸收衰减进行有效补偿,同时提取的角度域共成像点道集(ADCIGs)不仅可以用于分角度叠加成像压制成像噪声,而且能够为后续的偏移速度分析提供支撑.     

点力源在横向各向同性介质中激发的弹性波

点力源在均匀横向各向同性介质中激发的弹性波可以用透射-反射矩阵法进行求解。假定点力源位于一假想的各向同性层中,并利用各向同性介质中等效于势函数的过源面间断,从而易于求出介质中各个点上的弹性波场;再令假想的各向同性层的厚度趋近于0,则可求出原始问题的解,即横向各向同性介质中的格林函数。最后得出的结果和假想的各向同性层的性质无关,表明这一方法用于求解点力源在各向异性介质中激发的弹性波场是可行的。     

利用背景噪声互相关方法研究唐山地区地震波速变化

本文使用唐山地区部分数字地震观测台网2013年1月~2015年12月的连续背景噪声记录, 采用波形互相关方法来监测研究区地下物性介质随时间的变化特征。 首先采用背景噪声互相关技术获取台站间的经验格林函数, 然后通过观测台站对之间参考经验格林函数和当天格林函数中直达的瑞利波走时偏移来计算台站对之间的瑞利波速时空变化。 结果显示, 在2013年1月至2015年12月期间, 大部分台站对的瑞利波速度未发生明显改变, 预示着唐山地区中上地壳的物性介质处于相对稳定阶段。 但是, 部分台站对之间的瑞利波速在2015年9月14日昌黎M_L4.7地震前出现上升变化, 而震后随着时间的流逝又慢慢恢复到背景值附近波动。 目前, 虽然难以确定瑞利波速的震前上升变化跟震源区的应力积累过程有直接关系, 但这种现象值得持续关注和深入研究。     

3D scattering of obliquely incident plane SV waves by an alluvial valley embedded in a fluid-saturated,poroelastic layered half-space

The indirect boundary element method is used to study the 3D dynamic response of an infinitely long alluvial valley embedded in a saturated layered half-space for obli- quely incident SV waves. A wave-number transform is first applied along the valley＇s axis to reduce a 3D problem to a 2D plane strain problem. The problem is then solved in the section perpendicular to the axis of the valley. Finally, the 3D dynamic responses of the valley are obtained by an inverse wave-number transform. The validity of the method is con- firmed by comparison with relevant results. The differences between the responses around the valley embedded in dry and in saturated poroelastic medium are studied, and the effects of drainage conditions, porosity, soil layer stiffness, and soil layer thickness on the dynamic response are dis- cussed in detail resulting in some conclusions.     

Application and cost-benefit analysis of solar hybrid power installation on merchant marine vessels

Photovoltaic systems are renewable energy sources with various applications and their implementations in energy production and saving are verified. Installing those systems onto merchant marine vessels could prove to be an efficient way of minimizing fuel costs and simultaneously protecting the environment by reducing significant carbon dioxide emissions. This paper examines the feasibility of installing solar panels onto vessels and also calculated the payback period from the adopted investment with respect to fuel oil savings. Thus, the two important parameters incorporated in the parametric analysis are the solar radiation density and the fuel cost. In order to calculate the energy production of the solar installation systems, the globe is divided in six different zones, according to solar radiation density (Stackhouse and Whitlock, 2008). For one square meter of the considered solar panels the peak output power is taken equal to 130 W (Kagaraki, 2001). The payback period of the investment depends greatly on the fuel prices. For a reasonable fuel price annual increase at about 10-15% the estimated payback period varies from 16 to 27 years. The more the fuel oil increases, the methodology reveals that the payback period converges to a minimum of 10 years. When using any storage media such as hydrogen, the methodology shows that the payback period increases and this depends on the proportion of the energy stored and from the storage media itself.     

Stakeholder priorities for multi-functional coastal defence developments and steps to effective implementation

To fulfil international conservation commitments, governments have begun to recognise the need for more proactive marine planning policies, advocating sensitive engineering design that can deliver secondary benefits above and beyond the primary purpose of developments. In response, there is growing scientific interest in novel multi-functional coastal defence structures with built-in secondary ecological and/or socio-economic benefits. To ensure research efforts are invested effectively, it is first necessary to determine what secondary benefits can potentially be built-in to engineered coastal defence structures, and further, which of these benefits would be most desirable. It is unlikely that secondary benefits are perceived in the same way across different stakeholder groups. Further, their order of priority when evaluating different options is unlikely to be consistent, since each option will present a suite of compromises and trade-offs. The aim of this study was to investigate stakeholder attitudes towards multi-functional coastal defence developments across different sector groups. A preliminary questionnaire indicated unanimous support for implementing multi-functional structures in place of traditional single-purpose ones. This preliminary survey informed the design of a Delphi-like study, which revealed a more nuanced and caveated level of support from a panel of experts and practitioners. The study also elicited a degree of consensus that the most desirable secondary benefits that could be built-in to developments would be ecological ones – prioritised over social, economic and technical benefits. This paper synthesises these findings, discusses the perceived barriers that remain, and proposes a stepwise approach to effective implementation of multi-functional coastal defence developments.     

Interaction of ocean waves with floating and submerged horizontal flexible structures in three-dimensions

A three-dimensional general mathematical hydroelastic model dealing with the problem of wave interaction with a floating and a submerged flexible structure is developed based on small amplitude wave theory and linear structural response. The horizontal floating and submerged flexible structures are modelled with a thin plate theory. The linearized long wave equations based on shallow water approximations are derived and results are compared. Three-dimensional Green’s functions are derived using fundamental source potentials in water of finite and infinite depths. The expansion formulae associated with orthogonal mode-coupling relations are derived based on the application of Fourier transform in finite and infinite depths in case of finite width in three-dimensions. The usefulness of the expansion formula is demonstrated by analysing a physical problem of surface gravity wave interaction with a moored finite floating elastic plate in the presence of a finite submerged flexible membrane in three-dimensions. The numerical accuracy of the method is demonstrated by computing the complex values of reflected wave amplitudes for different modes of oscillation and mooring stiffness. Further, the effect of compressive force and modes of oscillations on a free oscillation hydroelastic waves in a closed channel of finite width and length for floating and submerged elastic plate system is analysed.     

绿色发展理念下区域建设用海规划工作的几点思考

区域建设用海规划制度是我国海域管理一项重要的创新制度,该制度实施对促进沿海地方经济发展发挥了重要作用。党的十八届五中全会提出了创新、协调、绿色、开放和共享五大发展理念,将生态文明建设提到了前所未有的战略高度。在海洋领域落实绿色发展理念,是实现海洋生态文明建设的必然选择,也是实现海洋强国战略的必然要求。文章认为,区域建设用海规划实施过程中主要存在海域资源利用率低,部分用海存在盲目性;总体布局和平面设计不科学;功能定位不合理,产业特色不鲜明等3个问题。为全面落实绿色发展理念,文章建议从建立用海面积控制指标、完善区域建设用海规划编制技术体系、加强自然岸线保护、优化海洋产业布局、强化规划论证和审批工作、建立规划实施监管制度等6个方面做好区域建设用海规划工作。