Distinct runoff processes in granite and sandstone drainage basins near Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Runoff processes in Mongolian drainage basins have received little study. The present work clarifies differences in runoff characteristics between granite (G-basin) and sandstone (S-basin) drainage basins near Ulaanbaatar. The drainage area of the G- and S-basins studied is 1.675 and 2.695 km² and the maximum relief is 450 and 500 m, respectively. These hydrological measurements reveal clear differences in runoff characteristics. First, the constant small discharge in the G-basin implies that the dominant runoff process is infiltration into bedrock or weathered mantle and that only baseflow occurs; quickflow and through-flow are not dominant. Second, clear peak discharges and rapid response of discharge to rainfall in the S-basin implies that surface flow occurs. Finally, the slow recession rate after peak discharge suggests that through-flow is more significant in the S-basin than in the G-basin.     

Ilmenite, magnetite, and peraluminous Mesoproterozoic anorogenic granites of Laurentia and Baltica

Emplacement of 1.6 to 1.3 Ga Mesoproterozoic plutons in Baltica and Laurentia formed an immense belt of A-type granite batholiths that include (1) low-fO₂, ilmenite-series granite intrusions from the Baltic region to Wyoming, (2) high-fO₂, magnetite-series granite intrusions of the central to southwestern U.S., and (3) peraluminous, two-mica granite intrusions from Colorado to central Arizona. These mineralogic divisions are mirrored by substantial elemental and oxygen isotopic differences. The ilmenite-series granites, which often contain classic rapakivi textures, have the highest Fe/Mg ratios and are highest in LIL element enrichment. They also have the lowest whole-rock δ¹⁸O values at 5.7‰ to 7.7‰. The magnetite-series granites are less potassic, less LILE-enriched, and have higher whole-rock δ¹⁸O values, ranging from 7.6‰ to 10.8‰. Although they retain A-type characteristics, the peraluminous granites are the least LILE-enriched and have the lowest Fe/Mg ratios. They also have the highest whole-rock δ¹⁸O values ranging from 8.8‰ to 12.0‰. Feldspar, where strongly reddened, can exhibit elevated δ¹⁸O values, which is interpreted to indicate subsolidus exchange with surface-derived aqueous fluids. Quartz δ¹⁸O values are interpreted to generally retain their magmatic values. The transcontinental mineralogic, chemical, and oxygen isotopic variations are interpreted as indicative of broad changes in the composition of a lower crustal source, which is compatible with a reduced mantle-derived crustal source for the ilmenite-series granites and a more oxidized crustal source for the others, including a metasedimentary component in the source for the two-mica granite subprovince.

Widespread thermal metamorphism at 1.4 Ga is present throughout much of the magmatic province and is viewed as a consequence of this immense event. Compressional deformation associated with several western 1.4 Ga Laurentia granite batholiths, alternatively interpreted as the distal expressions of a presumed 1.4 Ga orogeny, have at least in part been shown to be localized on preexisting Paleoproterozoic zones of deformation. Thus, we do not find compelling evidence for a 1.4 Ga orogeny related to the formation of most of these granites. Renewed intrusions at 1.0–1.1 Ga between and immediately following phases of the Grenville orogeny indicate that situations leading to their formation need to be more broadly considered.

The origin of this red granite-forming event in Laurentia and Baltica is considered as part of a global magmatic event that was coeval with intrusion of massif anorthosites and associated charnockites. Most are viewed as anorogenic, but it is recognized that the same conditions leading to their formation may have occurred during extensional phases of orogens. The immense volumes of red granites produced are also essentially unique to the Mesoproterozoic and appear to be tied to the stabilization and eventual break up of supercontinents of both Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic age.     

Apport de la modélisation géophysique pour la compréhension de la structuration du pas de Calais

This study is based on an analysis of seismic, gravimetric and magnetic data to model the structure of the Dover Straits area. The Dover Straits are set in a transitional position within the Brabant para-autochthon, which lies between the Ardennes allochthon to the south and the Brabant Massif to the north. The seismic profiles show that this area is characterised by several superimposed Mesozoic basins, whose evolution has been controlled by the reactivation of Lower Palaeozoic faults. In common with the adjacent Weald–Wessex and southern North Sea basins, the Dover Straits area records a Jurassic extensional phase and a post-Cretaceous tectonic inversion. The geophysical modelling reveals the presence of a basement to these Mesozoic basins that exhibits Ordovician to Silurian structures, which cannot be detected on the seismic reflection profiles. In contrast to earlier interpretations, the modelling presented here suggests that the Brabant Massif continues southward beyond the Dover Straits and under the Brabant para-autochthon. Gravity data also provides evidence for the presence of granitic body at depth, in the vicinity of Km 27 on the seismic profile, which may have driven the uplift of the Silurian rocks in the area of the Straits. Similar granitic intrusions have been proposed to explain gravity anomalies along the Rhenohercynian Margin in Belgium, eastern and southern England. The geophysical modelling demonstrates the continuity of the basement and Mesozoic basin structures across the Dover Straits, suggesting a common geological evolution of the adjacent southern England–northern France regions. To cite this article: B. Minguely et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

Φ108旋转式孔口封闭循环灌浆栓塞的设计和应用

摘水库大坝基础防渗帷幕灌浆方法及其不同灌浆栓塞的使用，直接影响工程施工的进度、质量和成本。本文介绍全强风化岩体中灌浆时应用的新型灌浆栓塞。     

广东花岗岩地区天然放射性辐射环境现状分析及对策

花岗岩是广东广泛分布的岩性，大部分花岗岩地区内以放射性元素背景值明显偏高为特征。由于各种矿产资源的勘探和开采，以及人为因素对表层的破坏，天然放射性辐射环境质量存在变差的趋向，而且以不同的扩散形式产生着令人忧虑的次生污染，以及对群体带来的影响和危害。本文对此通过已取得的部分资料做了比较全面的分析，并提出了急待控制和改善广东花岗岩地区天然放射性辐射环境的对策。     

北秦岭丹凤地区早古生代花岗岩的Pb、Sr、Nd同位素地球化学特征

通过对北秦岭丹凤地区早古生代花岗岩的Ｐｈ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素地球化学特征的系统研究，结合元素地球化学特征，证明早古生代具成分极性的枣园、黄柏岔、石门花岗岩是由于秦岭群斜长角闪岩和黑云斜长片麻岩部分熔融，近俯冲带以熔体与熔体的混合、远离俯冲带是前者产生的熔体与后者熔融后的残留相以不同比例混合形成的。     

二密铜矿床成矿模式的研究

二密中生代火山岩盆地矿产以铜为主,矿床主要产于盆地中石英闪长岩岩体东段,矿体分布在石英闪长岩内外接触带,均以脉状、细脉状、细脉浸染状、浸染状矿体为主,成群成带分布.从岩体和矿脉原生硫化物同位素测定.显示成矿热液与花岗斑岩、石英闪长岩是统一的硫源.其成矿与岩体侵入作用有关.在研究铜矿床地质特征的基础上,总结了二密铜矿床成矿模式.     

Chhotanagpur granite gneiss in relation to the schistose rocks around Murhu,Ranchi district,Bihar: a structural approach

Structural analysis of the Chhotanagpur gneiss and the adjoining schistose rocks of the Singhbhum Group indicates perfect conformity in their structures on macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic scales. This precludes the possibility of the gneissic rocks having intruded into the deformed and metamorphozed schistose rocks. The observed features can be best explained by considering the gneissic rocks as the basement and the schistose rocks as the cover, both deformed and metamorphozed together. However, this does not exclude the possibility of the gneissic rocks being reactivated and intruding elsewhere.     

中天山尾亚杂岩体的铅同位素组成特征

对尾亚杂岩体钾长石铅同位素组成的详细研究发现,它们符合幔-壳二元混合模式。即地幔来源的铅和不同数量的地壳来源的铅的混合。经计算,其中约有25％—37％的铅来自上地幔,而63％—75％的铅来自地壳,该区陆壳平均年龄约2450Ma。本区岩石铅同位素组成与中国东部不同,显示贫钍富铀的特征。铅同位素的研究进一步证明尾亚杂岩体系幔-壳混合源的同熔系列花岗岩。     

都庞岭花岗岩中黑云母成分特征及其意义

都庞岭复式花岗岩体由加里东期(γ_3)、印支期(γ_5~1)、燕山早期第一次(γ_5~2)和第二次(γ_5~(2b))花岗岩组成。从早到晚(γ_3→γ_5~1→γ_5~(2a)→γ_5~(2b)),花岗岩中黑云母由镁黑云母→铁黑云母→黑鳞云母,同时黑云母中Li、Rb、Pb、Zn、W、Sn、Nb、Ta、F、B等逐渐富集,Ba、Cu、Mo等逐渐贫化。Li、Zn主要以类质同象形式赋存于黑云母中,Sn、Nb、Ta部分呈类质同象形式进入黑云母晶格,而Sr、Pb、B极少进入黑云母晶格。黑云母成分特征表明:本区花岗岩形成温度和氧逸度分别大致为610—820℃、10~(-13)—10~(-18)Pa,而且从早到晚,花岗岩形成温度和氧逸度不断降低。此外,黑云母的成分可作为划分花岗岩侵入期次、评价岩体含矿性的标志。