Geochemistry of microgranular enclaves and host granite from Telões (Vila Pouca de Aguiar), Northern Portugal

At Telões, a subaluminous medium- to coarse-grained porphyritic biotite granite, crops out along the Vila Real NNE–SSW fault. It is a post-tectonic granite of 299±3 Ma old given by U–Pb isotopic data on zircon. It contains metaluminous to subaluminous tonalitic, granodioritic and monzogranitic enclaves. All granitoids have Fe²⁺-biotite and some enclaves contain magnesiohornblende and subsolidus actinolite. Monzogranitic enclaves show obvious similarities to the host granite. Linear array between enclaves and host granite is observed in Rb–Sr typical isochron diagram and gives the age of 286±11 Ma and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₀=0.7063±0.0011. Microgranular enclaves have δ¹⁸O values similar to those of the hosting granite. Microgranular enclaves are hybrid rocks probably formed by mixing between a tonalitic enclave magma and a host granite magma as supported by the modelling of major and trace elements. The similar isotopic signatures suggest a subsequent partial equilibration of the enclaves and granite magmas.     

Significance of ~ 1.5 Ga zircon and monazite ages from charnockites in southern Lithuania and NE Poland

The presence of 1.52–1.50 Ga charnockites from the anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite–granite (AMCG) Mazury complex in southern Lithuania and NE Poland, in the western East European Craton (EEC) is revealed by secondary ion mass-spectrometry (SIMS) and EPMA geochronology. Early 1.85–1.82 Ga charnockites are related to major orogeny in the region whereas the newly studied charnockites intrude the already consolidated crust. The 1.52–1.50 Ga charnockite magmatism (SIMS data on zircon) was followed by high-grade metamorphism (EPMA data on monazite), which strongly affected the surrounding rocks. The 1.85–1.81 Ga zircon cores in Lazdijai and 1.81 Ga monazite domains in the Lanowicze charnockites represent the protolith age of a volcanic island arc. The 1.52–1.50 Ga charnockite magmatism and metamorphism are likely related to the distal, Danopolonian, orogeny further to the west, at the margin of Baltica. The c.1.52–1.50 Ga AMCG magmatism and metamorphism in the western EEC as well as the paired accretionary-rapakivi suites in Amazonia, may be the inboard manifestations of the same early Mesoproterozoic orogeny associated with the juxtaposition of Amazonia and Baltica during the amalgamation of the supercontinent Columbia.     

Erosion rates on subalpine paleosurfaces in the western Mediterranean by in-situ <Superscript>10</Superscript>Be concentrations in granites: implications for surface processes and long-term landscape evolution in Corsica (France)

A study of erosion rates by in-situ ¹⁰Be concentrations in granites of Miocene high-elevation paleosurfaces in Corsica indicates maximum erosion rates between 8 and 24 mm/kyear. The regional distribution of measured erosion rates indicates that the local climatic conditions, namely precipitation, the petrographic composition of granites, and the degree of brittle deformation govern erosion rates. Chemical erosion dominates even at elevations around 2,000 m in presently subalpine climate conditions. Field evidence indicates that erosion operates by continuous dissolution and/or disintegration to grains (grusification). The erosion rates are relatively high with respect to the preservation of inferred Early Miocene landscapes. We infer temporal burial in the Middle Miocene and significantly lower erosion rates in the Neogene until ∼3 Ma to explain the preservation of paleosurfaces, in line with fission track data. Valley incision rates that are a magnitude higher than erosion rates on summit surfaces result in relief enhancement and long-term isostatic surface uplift. On the other hand, widening and deepening of valleys by cyclic glaciation progressively destroys the summit surface relics.

Contrasting magmatic structures between small plutons and batholiths emplaced at shallow crustal level (Sierras de Córdoba,Argentina)

Processes like injection, magma flow and differentiation and influence of the regional strain field are here described and contrasted to shed light on their role in the formation of small plutons and large batholiths their magmatic structures. The final geometric and compositional arrangement of magma bodies are a complex record of their construction and internal flow history. Magma injection, flow and differentiation, as well as regional stresses, all control the internal nature of magma bodies. Large magma bodies emplaced at shallow crustal levels result from the intrusion of multiple magma batches that interact in a variety of ways, depending on internal and external dynamics, and where the early magmatic, growth-related structures are commonly overprinted by subsequent history. In contrast, small plutons emplaced in the brittle-ductile transition more likely preserve growth-related structures, having a relatively simple cooling history and limited internal magma flow. Outcrop-scale magmatic structures in both cases record a rich set of complementary information that can help elucidate their evolution. Large and small granitic bodies of the Sierra Pampeanas preserve excellent exposures of magmatic structures that formed as magmas stepped through different rheological states during pluton growth and solidification. These structures reveal not only the flow pattern inside magma chambers, but also the rheological evolution of magmas in response to temperature evolution.     

冀东青龙地区中生代花岗岩的岩石成因和地质意义

冀东青龙地区中生代发育多期花岗质岩浆活动。本文系统报道了青龙地区三叠纪都山花岗岩和侏罗纪白家店花岗岩及其镁铁质微粒包体(MMEs)的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成。锆石SIMS U-Pb定年结果显示,都山花岗岩的结晶年龄为215.7±2.3Ma,指示了晚三叠世岩浆活动;而白家店花岗岩及其包体的结晶年龄分别为170.5±2.0Ma和172.4±2.0Ma,指示了中侏罗世岩浆活动。都山花岗岩以低含量的MgO、Fe_2O_3~T、Cr和Ni,高(La/Yb)_N、Sr/Y比值及低Yb和Y含量,低的初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值(0.7042~0.7044)、极负的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-19.8~-14.4),很负的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-17.6~-13.0,除了2个较大值-5.6和-8.6)和接近晚太古代的Hf模式年龄,显示出主要来源于晚太古代下地壳重熔,可能有少量幔源物质加入。综合的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素数据(白家店花岗岩:(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7051~0.7065,ε_(Nd)(t)=-13.4~-10.8,ε_(Hf)(t)=-11.8~-8.2;MMEs:(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7059~0.7062,ε_(Nd)(t)=-11.1~-7.0,ε_(Hf)(t)=-3.7~+3.4),表明了白家店花岗岩和MMEs为亏损地幔来源的镁铁质岩浆和下地壳来源的长英质岩浆通过混合形成。从晚三叠世都山花岗岩到中侏罗世白家店花岗岩,它们成因的明显差异,揭示了地幔角色的转换(从只提供热量几乎不提供物质到既提供能量又提供物质),暗示华北东部岩石圈在这一时期可能发生一次重要减薄。     

安宁河断层地震成核条件研究——来自天然花岗岩断层泥摩擦实验的启示

安宁河断层历史上发生过多次强震,现存的地震空区反映了其断层中部近30年来的断层闭锁和应变积累情况,是潜在的大地震危险区.本研究采用断层带内的新鲜花岗岩断层泥样品,在水热条件下开展了摩擦滑动实验,以研究安宁河断层摩擦特性和地震成核条件.实验有效正应力200MPa,孔隙水压30 MPa,温度25～600℃,剪切滑移速率在1...     

内蒙古宝格达乌拉钼(钨)矿区花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地质意义

本文首次对新发现的宝格达乌拉钼(钨)矿区中含矿花岗岩的锆石进行了SHRIMP U-Pb定年,获得9个锆石颗粒的206Pb/238U年龄的加权平均值为240.9±2.5Ma,MSW值为1.7,上述数值表明岩体形成时代应为印支期。根据野外实地勘查以及进一步室内研究工作,可以初步推测出,该地区在中生代时期曾经发生过古陆块内部拉张作用,由此所诱发的大规模构造-岩浆活动及相关流体活动为该区钼(钨)矿床的形成提供了物质、动力和热力来源。区内含矿花岗岩即是此次构造-岩浆作用产物。除此之外,由于宝格达乌拉地区位于早期西伯利亚板块和华北板块相互俯冲和碰撞的交界处,区域内花岗岩体在形成过程中受到了多期次岩浆热液作用的影响,因此在对区域内锆石年龄及相关微量元素进行测定时发现,该区域内含矿岩体岩性复杂,表现出了一定的继承性。这也为研究人员对二连浩特-东乌珠穆沁旗一带矿床成因作用的进一步研究提供了重要参考。     

太古宙TTG岩石是什么含义?

太古宙TTG岩石的成因是一个热门话题,它与太古宙麻粒岩地体并称为太古宙两大疑案.TTG岩石关系到地球早期陆壳是如何形成、生长和演化的.现在流行的观点是,太古宙TTG要么产于板块消减带,要么来自加厚的下地壳,这两种说法孰对孰错?笔者认为二者证据都不充分.上述认识是将太古宙TTG与现代埃达克岩简单对比得出来的,而这种对比忽略了地质时代和构造背景的差异,正确的对比应当是在太古宙不同类型花岗质岩石之间进行.太古宙地壳异常的热,什么时候开始出现板块构造至今没有得到明确的结论.太古宙TTG是太古宙地壳的主要成分,太古宙TTG地体反映的是太古宙地壳的平均厚度,加厚是相对于正常地壳厚度而言的.太古宙地质研究存在一个明显的误区,即不恰当地运用“将今论古”的原则,“将今论古”只适合显生宙或中-新元古代.研究TTG岩石意义十分重大,对我们理解前板块构造以及板块构造何时开始的是很关键的.     

Genetic classification of magmatic rocks from the Alvand plutonic complex,Hamedan, western Iran,based on zircon crystal morphology

The Alvand plutonic complex consists of gabbroic and felsic rocks, the latter can be divided into (1) porphyritic, fine-grained and mylonitic granites and (2) leucocratic granitoids. We investigated the external zircon morphology and their internal structures from all major granitoids of the pluton employing the classic Pupin method supplemented by electron microscope analyses. Zircons of gabbroic rocks are free of visible cores or inclusions and are commonly characterized by {1 0 1} pyramids and {1 0 0} prisms and show mainly zircon types P₅ and D typical for mantel-derived rocks. The zircon population from the porphyritic granite is characterized by the predominance of the pyramidal {2 1 1} and prism {1 1 0} forms and mainly composed of the subtypes S₁, S₂, S₆ and S₇ typical for peraluminous granites of crustal origin. Melt inclusions, recrystallization patches and low-CL intensity rims are typical features in these grains. Zircons from the fine-grained granites are characterized by the predominance of the pyramidal {2 1 1} and the prism face {1 1 0} and by a preponderance of the subtypes S₃, S₄, S₇ and especially S₁₂ and occasionally S₂, L₂, L₃ and L₄, typical for aluminous monzogranites and granodiorites of crustal origin. Some grains have pre-magmatic inherited domains with overgrow rims. The mylonitized granites contain zircons with {1 0 1} pyramids and {1 1 0} prisms and include subtypes G₁, P₁, P₂, S₅ whereas P₃, S₄, L₅ are rarely present, typical for I-type granites. Metamictization, radial cracks and partial overgrowths are prevalent in these zircons. Zircons from the leucocratic granitoids have well-developed magmatic oscillatory zonation and pre-magmatic zircon cores. They are characterized by {1 0 1} pyramids and {1 1 0} prisms and are mainly composed of subtypes L₅, S₅, S₁₀ and rarely P₁, P₂, S₂, S₃, S₄, S₇, G₁ typical for hybrid calc-alkaline granites.     

Long-lived magmatic systems and implications on the recognition of granite–pegmatite genetic relations: Characterization of the Pavia granitic pegmatites (Ossa-Morena Zone,Portugal)

It is generally accepted that pegmatites are derived from large masses of granite but, even in areas where complete mineralogical, chemical and isotopic datasets are available, the relation between pegmatites and host granitic rocks or nearby plutons is usually not simple to address. The Pavia pluton, located in the Ossa-Morena Zone (Iberian Massif), is a multiphase intrusive body constructed over ∼11 m.y. by the amalgamation of several batches of magma. At the first glance, pegmatites seem to constitute a very homogeneous pegmatite field. They are mainly “intragranitic” thin tabular dikes, unzoned, layered, or with simple internal structure and are composed by the ordinary minerals that constitute the different classes of igneous rocks. They also present identical whole rock major and trace elements geochemistry and isotopic signature [(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.70434–0.70581, ɛNd_t = −1.3 to −3.7 and δ¹⁸O = 8.2–9.6‰] but, based on previously published geochronological data, three generations of pegmatites were identified. Two of these are coeval with the emplacement of the host granites (s.l.) at 328 Ma and ca. 324 Ma. The other is related to a later magmatic event at 319–317 Ma. A similar and rather juvenile source is suggested for host granites (s.l.) and pegmatites but a simple and continuous process of intra-chamber magmatic differentiation is not supported by our data. It is suggested that pegmatites derived from slightly evolved batches of magma that interacted with fresh, newly emplaced, batches (from the same or from a similar source) with limited interaction with the crust. Therefore, the Pavia pegmatites do not represent the final products of magmatism at this level of the crust but slightly differentiated products of different batches of magma. This study demonstrates how long-lived magmatic systems can potentially affect the recognition of granite–pegmatite genetic relationships.