陕西省汉滨区沈坝-柳坑金矿区岩浆岩与成矿关系探讨

南秦岭构造带自元古代开始就发生了一系列构造运动,不仅具有重要的造山理论研究意义,而且形成了丰富的矿产资源,因此受到中外地质学家的广泛重视,成为国内外地学界的研究热点之一。研究区位于南秦岭陆内造山带南部印支-燕山构造变形带内,二级构造单元属于南秦岭-北大巴山多层次韧性滑脱逆冲推覆褶皱带（杨兴科等,2016;高雅宁等,2016;唐永忠等,2012）。研究区附近金矿床（点）众多,包括研究区北部的金斗坡金矿、白果树金矿、柳树坪金矿,西部的长沟金矿、鹿鸣金矿、黄龙金矿、羊坪湾金矿以及东部的烂木沟金矿等,这些金矿床均产出于脆-韧性剪切带内（李福让等,2009;杨本召等,2010;刘林等,2012）,为研究区提供了良好的成矿背景。区内岩浆活动频繁,以印支晚期-燕山早期的中酸性岩为主,但其与金矿成矿关系函需解决。因此本文在充分总结沈坝-柳坑金矿区地质特征的基础上,利用化学分析以及锆石定年技术确定岩浆年龄,并讨论与金矿成矿的关系。     

Barry Granodiorite and Sunset Hills Granite: Wyangala‐style intrusion at the margin of a regional ductile shear zone,northern Lachlan Fold Belt,New South Wales

The Barry Granodiorite is a weakly deformed I‐type, and the Sunset Hills Granite is a moderately deformed S‐type, granite. Both granites were passively intruded into an already foliated greywacke and volcanic sequence. Emplacement may have been facilitated by faults related to the oblique opening of the late Early Silurian Hill End Trough. The granites display a dominant foliation which formed during the late Middle Devonian and subsequently was reoriented during the Early Carboniferous. The Barry Granodiorite and Sunset Hills Granite are on the margin of north‐south ductile shear zones related to the Wyangala Batholith. These granites and the adjacent Carcoar Granodiorite have undergone reorientation during movement on ductile shear zones either due to megakinking during late‐stage north‐south shortening, or southeastward movement of the southern margin of the west‐northwest‐trending Lachlan Transverse Zone.     

Paleomagnetism of the middle Cretaceous Iritono granite in the Abukuma region, northeast Japan

We have studied the paleomagnetism of the middle Cretaceous Iritono granite of the Abukuma massif in northeast Japan together with ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating. Paleomagnetic samples were collected from ten sites of the Iritono granite (102 Ma ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar age) and two sites of its associated gabbroic dikes. The samples were carefully subjected to alternating field and thermal demagnetizations and to rock magnetic analyses. Most of natural remanent magnetizations show mixtures of two components: (1) H component, high coercivity (B_c > 50–90 mT) or high blocking temperature (T_b > 350–560 °C) component and (2) L component, relatively low B_c or low T_b component. H component was obtained from all the 12 sites to give a mean direction of shallow inclination and northwesterly declination (I = 29.9°, D = 311.0°, α₉₅ = 2.7°, N = 12). This direction is different from the geocentric axial dipole field at the present latitude (I = 56.5°) and the typical direction of the Cenozoic remagnetization in northeast Japan. Since rock magnetic properties indicate that the H component of the Iritono granite is carried mainly by magnetite inclusions in plagioclase, this component probably retains a primary one. Thus the shallow inclination indicates that the Abukuma massif was located at a low latitude (16.1 ± 1.6°N) about 100 Ma and then drifted northward by about 20° in latitude. The northwesterly deflection is attributed mostly to the counterclockwise rotation of northeast Japan due to Miocene opening of the Japan Sea. According to this model, the low-pressure and high-temperature (low-P/high-T) metamorphism of the Abukuma massif, which has been well known as a typical location, would have not occurred in the present location. On the other hand, the L component is carried mainly by pyrrhotite and its mean direction shows a moderate inclination and a northwesterly declination (I = 42.8°, D = 311.5°, α₉₅ = 3.3°, N = 9). Since this direction is intermediate between the H component and early Cenozoic remagnetization in northeast Japan, some thermal event would have occurred at lower temperature than pyrrhotite Curie point ( 320 °C) during the middle Cretaceous to early Cenozoic time to have resulted in partial remagnetization.     

东准噶尔琼河坝岛弧早古生代岩浆活动的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素证据

东准噶尔琼河坝桑德乌兰斑岩铜钼矿区含矿花岗斑岩透长石、石英斑晶粒内破裂构造发育,锆石普遍发育具核内破裂构造或碎裂状的核。破碎的锆石核与透长石、石英斑晶可能形成于深部岩浆房。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,破碎变形的锆石核年龄为442.2±3.5Ma,锆石环带的年龄为412.7±3.3Ma,前者代表破碎变形锆石的形成时间,后者代表斑岩侵位与结晶的时间。Hf同位素结果显示,破碎的有核锆石与其外环带具一致的εHf(t)初始值与tDM2模式年龄,它们可能为同一岩浆或成因相同的岩浆不同阶段结晶的产物。这意味着琼河坝地区在早古生代(至少在442Ma)就开始有弧岩浆活动。幔源特征的εHf(t)值(10.3～15.1)与较老的模式年龄(tDM2=469～761Ma)显示形成研究区花岗斑岩的岩浆可能源于晚元古代-奥陶纪玄武质地壳的部分熔融。     

Weathering of marbles and granites in marine environment: petrophysical properties and special role of atmospheric salts

 The aim of this paper was to study the weathering mechanism of marbles and granites exposed to the marine environment at the Delos archaeological site. Alterations, as granular disintegration, contour scaling and alveolus formations, can be observed either at the base of blocks and columns, or at the median-high zones of monuments. A white marble, which originated from Naxos Island, had a weak porosity (0.2%). Its porous network was organized into two subnetworks of rectilinear and sinuous cracks, which limited capillary transfer to ∼10 cm. The granite, which originated from Delos Island, had a relatively high porosity (2.15%), and had a well-connected system of cracks and microporous zones of weathered minerals. This homogeneous network allowed good capillary transfer for long distances (1–2 m). For the marble, as for the granite, evaporation occurred mainly at depth in the stone, and encouraged its deterioration. This damage depends on the dissolution and crystallization of salts, which occur in cycles. First, by the capillary transfer of water and salt from the ground, when the stones are located near the sea. This processes can explain the deterioration of the marble and the granite bases, and the decay of granite on all its surfaces. Second, by fixation of water vapor by sea salt deposited on the stone by wind. This phenomenon can explain the degradations observed on the median-high parts of monuments in marble and granite, even though, for the granite, the first mechanism was more active.     

新疆阿拉套山花岗岩带的主要特征及形成构造环境

阿拉套山花岗岩带产出于巩乃斯板块东北缘，岩带的岩石组合、化学成分、同位素组成表现出由东北向西南的系统变化，随离俯冲带距离的增大，古老地壳物质的贡献愈显著。构造环境判别表明早期花岗闪长岩－二长花岗岩组合产出于岩浆弧环境，与消减作用直接有关，晚期二长花岗岩－碱长花岗岩组合为造山后花岗岩，产出于张性环境，其形成标志着造山作用的结束。     

柯树北花岗岩体中金－铀矿脉的初步研究

柯树北花岗岩体中的金－铀矿脉主要产出在岩体的西南部。该岩体Ｕ－Ｐｂ同位素年龄１５３Ｍａ，定位在两条深大断裂的复合部位。通过岩石化学及稀土元素特征研究表明，岩体与华南重熔再生岩浆成因的陆壳改造型花岗岩相一致。矿脉为石英－硫化物型，金、铀矿化与微晶石英和细晶、微晶黄铁矿关系密切。岩体的铀、金丰度高于本区任何其它岩石，矿脉有往深部变好的趋势，推测本区具有良好的成矿前景。     

洮坪地区花岗岩成因类型研究

造山带复杂地壳组份区的花岗岩成因类型研究倍受关注。本文从岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素,稳定同位素等方面论述了西泰岭造山带内的沈坪地区花岗岩的成因特征,认为其成因属以S型为主并表现出大量Ⅰ型的复杂类型。文中还就其形成原因以及成因类型与构造活动演化的关系做了初步探讨。     

Geochemistry,zircon UPb ages and Hf isotopes of granites and pegmatites from Gubrunde region in the Eastern Nigeria Terrane: Insight into magmatism and tectonic evolution of the late Pan-African orogeny

This study reports a new dataset of whole-rock geochemistry, biotite chemistry, in situ zircon UPb geochronology and Hf isotope for a suite of granite and associated pegmatite samples from the Gubrunde region in the Eastern Nigeria Terrane (ENT), Nigeria. The Gubrunde granitic rocks are weakly ferroan, peraluminous and calc-alkalic to alkali-calcic in composition, and show I-type affinity. The zircon UPb geochronology gives an age of ~580 Ma for the rocks, although the presence of inherited zircons with early Pan-African ages of 696 ± 12, 647 ± 7 and 624–613 Ma are evident indicative of a complex history of their source rocks. The Gubrunde granite and the pegmatite yielded similar average Hf crustal model age T_DM2 of 1.9 ± 0.1 Ga and εHf(t) values ?6.2 ± 1.2, suggesting that they may have sourced from reworked old crustal rocks with minor contributions from the mantle. The granite and the pegmatite were likely to connect by fractional crystallization under low to moderate pressure (~2.2 to 3.0 kbar) and temperature (~717 °C), and low oxygen fugacity (<ΔNNO ?1.14). The ca. 580 Ma magmatism may have been triggered by delamination of the lithospheric mantle as a consequence of crustal thinning during waning stage of the Pan-African orogeny.     

Stereology-based fabric analysis of microcracks in damaged granite

Crack-related fabric analyses were carried out in terms of crack tensors using Inada granite deformed inelastically in a triaxial vessel up to post-failure, focusing on the fabric changes during brittle failure. Complementarily, numerical simulation tests were conducted to determine the representative volume element (RVE) required for crack surveying. Numerical simulation tests show that the window size for crack surveying should be at least six times the mean trace length in order to obtain a statistically meaningful crack tensor. A larger window is needed to estimate the distribution of crack radii. In quartz, cracks grow preferentially parallel to the major loading axis. Crack tensors in quartz can provide a measure of damage reflecting inelastic deformation under differential stress in past geological events. During the first stage of inelastic deformation, the number density of cracks decreases with a rather sharp increase in crack diameters. This happens because pre-existing cracks in intact rock join together to make longer cracks. However, the density remains almost constant during the second stage of loading from 90% to 100% of the peak stress. The crack diameter gradually increases due to the stable propagation of cracks. When granite is further deformed beyond the peak stress, the number density decreases again while sharp increases in crack diameters appear as a result of the forking and coalescence of cracks. It is also suggested that load-normal grain boundary cracks are generated as a result of the rolling and sliding of disintegrated blocks in the post-failure stage.