吉林省西南部地区花岗岩类微量元素特征研究及成因探讨

本文对吉林省西南部地区花岗岩类的微量元素特征进行了系统的研究,并利用微量元素的某些特征值对区内花岗岩成因进行了探讨。     

浙东南玉苍山-彭溪碱长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄学、岩石地球化学特征及其成因类型

玉苍山-彭溪岩体位于东部沿海花岗岩带北端,受古太平洋板块俯冲制约。笔者等以该岩体碱长花岗岩为研究对象,开展锆石U-Pb测年,获得其加权平均年龄为96.50±1.81Ma和98.27±0.39 Ma,表明该岩体为晚白垩世岩浆活动的产物。该岩体主要矿物组成为钾长石（60%～70%）、石英（25%～35%）,少量斜长石（＜5%）、黑云母（＜2%）等,呈中细粒花岗结构。该岩体地球化学特征上呈现高硅、富碱、低铝,镁、钙、磷、钛、铁等元素含量极低,Rb、K等大离子亲石元素和Th、U、Zr、Hf等高场强元素富集,亲铁元素Co、Ni、Cr、V等含量较低;K/Rb值低,Rb/Sr、Rb/B值高;稀土元素总量高,且轻稀土元素富集程度远大于重稀土元素,同时具有明显的铕负异常,分异指数高;反映了该岩体具有强烈的壳源特征,且形成时岩浆演化分异程度高,存在斜长石、磷灰石等矿物的分离结晶,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列。认为该岩体属于A型花岗岩,为晚白垩世时期板内伸展构造环境下软流圈地幔上涌、部分地壳参与熔融形成的。     

粤北下庄矿田坪田花岗岩外接触带型铀矿找矿潜力预测

粤北下庄铀矿田坪田花岗岩外接触带型铀矿床,矿体主要赋存于粤北贵东岩体的外接触带变质砂岩中,受北北东向构造、热液活动、岩性及接触带共同控制。运用流体包裹体测温测试分析方法,对该地区铀矿体成矿期均一温度和流体盐度进行测试,测试结果:含铀包裹体均一温度范围为1500℃2520℃,流体盐度为04114857 wt% NaCl eqv,属于中低温、低盐度活动范围。坪田地区热液活动具有多期次性、含矿构造发育、围岩蚀变强烈及低温、低盐度的含矿流体特征,是铀成矿有利的地质条件,也是下庄铀矿田开展花岗岩外带型铀矿找矿潜力较大的重要地区之一。     

Are South China granites special in forming ion-adsorption REE deposits?

Ion-adsorption REE deposits associated with clay minerals are the main global HREE producer. The majority of these deposits are formed by the weathering of granites in South China, but whether there is any fundamental difference between the granites in and outside South China is still unclear. Besides, an effective evaluation system of granite mineralization potential is urgently needed for HREE exploration.To answer this question, we compiled a global granite geochemical dataset from within (n = 1932) and outside (n = 6109) South China, together with a dataset of representative REE deposits in South China (n = 128). The geochemical comparation shows that the South China granites share similar REE contents with those of many granites from places outside South China. Such similarity has also been found between REE ore-related and ore-barren granites in South China. This shows that granites from outside South China could also have ore-forming potential. Warm humid climate and quasi-equalized crustal state promote chemical weathering to continuously leach REEs and store them in the weathering crust. The enrichment ratio (Rx) can be used to quantify the climatic effect between orebodies and parent rocks. The calculated average Enrichment Ratios (Rx) of LREE- and HREE-rich deposits are 2.41 and 2.68, respectively. Sufficient REE content in granite is the prerequisite for mineralization, and we propose that the combination of the minimum REE + Y (172 and 108 ppm in LREE- and HREE-rich parent rocks, respectively) and REE oxide ratio (1.32) can reveal the granite metallogenic potential. Together with the suitable tropical and temperate climate area with ion-adsorption REE deposits, we further identified certain regions with high REE mineralization potential outside South China to assist future exploration.     

The transition from peraluminous to peralkaline granitic melts: Evidence from melt inclusions and accessory minerals

Fractional crystallization of peraluminous F- and H₂O-rich granite magmas progressively enriches the remaining melt with volatiles. We show that, at saturation, the melt may separate into two immiscible conjugate melt fractions, one of the fractions shows increasing peraluminosity and the other increasing peralkalinity. These melt fractions also fractionate the incompatible elements to significantly different degrees. Coexisting melt fractions have differing chemical and physical properties and, due to their high density and viscosity contrasts, they will tend to separate readily from each other. Once separated, each melt fraction evolves independently in response to changing T/P/X conditions and further immiscibility events may occur, each generating its own conjugate pair of melt fractions. The strongly peralkaline melt fractions in particular are very reactive and commonly react until equilibrium is attained. Consequently, the peralkaline melt fraction is commonly preserved only in the isolated melt and mineral inclusions.

We demonstrate that the differences between melt fractions that can be seen most clearly in differing melt inclusion compositions are also visible in the composition of the resulting ore-forming and accessory minerals, and are visible on scales from a few micrometers to hundreds of meters.     

郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起南段花岗岩LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

本文利用LA-ICP MS方法,对零星分布于郯庐断裂带张八岭隆起南段肥东-巢湖地区的一些花岗岩体进行了锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究.结果表明,西徐村北岩体、尖山岩体、西花村岩体、永丰岩体和锦张村岩体的形成年龄分别为126.9 ±1.0Ma、114.8±1.3Ma、108.1 ±1.6Ma、103.0 ±0.9Ma和120.3 ±0.7Ma,这些花岗岩体均形成于早白垩世,但侵位时间有一定差异.与郯庐断裂带西侧的鲁西、徐淮、蚌埠地区同时代克拉通内部侵入岩相比,断裂带内岩浆活动持续的时间更长(～27Ma).这一结果不但指示郯庐断裂带上的岩浆活动是不均一的,各地岩浆在活动的强烈程度和时间特征上均有很大的差异,而且显示了断裂带内比克拉通内部岩浆活动结束时间较晚,暗示其下岩石圈可能有更为强烈的减薄程度和更长的减薄历史.     

Late Panafrican evolution of the main Hoggar fault zones: Implications of magnetic fabric study in the In Telloukh pluton (Tin Serririne basin, Algeria)

The Late Panafrican evolution of the Hoggar shield is characterized by emplacement of magmatic intrusions and by occurrence of major shear zones separating different terranes. In Telloukh granite is close to the In Guezzam faults (western border of the Tin Serririne basin). Analysis of its visible and magnetic fabrics suggests an emplacement mode and deformation that are not related to the In Guezzam faults, but most likely to a N–S compression, an event not yet identified. Dioritic dykes crosscutting the granite have a very different magnetic fabric, which is related on the contrary to dextral strike-slip movements along the In Guezzam faults. In both cases, no visible fabric can be correlated with the magnetic fabric, which has been likely acquired during late magmatic stages. This magnetic fabric was not significantly affected by the tectonic events that took place after entire crystallization of the magma. The In Guezzam faults and the major 7°30 and 4°50 shear zones are close to intrusions such as In Telloukh dykes and the Alous En Tides and Tesnou plutons where quite similar magnetic fabrics are observed, all related with dextral strike-slip movements along these structures.     

伊犁北部博罗霍努岩体年代学和地球化学研究及其大地构造意义

博罗霍努岩体是发育在新疆伊犁北部的一个大型海西期花岗岩体,总体沿近SE-NW向分布,出露面积逾2000km^2。该岩体主要包括三类花岗岩：灰黑色辉石闪长岩、浅色黑云母花岗岩和紫红色黑云母钾长花岗岩。锆石U-Pb La-ICP-MS定年表明,辉石闪长岩的年龄为301±7Ma．黑云母花岗岩的年龄范围为294±7～285±7Ma,而黑云母钾长花岗岩则形成于280±5～266±6Ma。岩石地球化学分析显示,黑云母花岗岩和钾长花岗岩以准铝或弱过铝I型花岗岩为主,个别属于弱过铝S型花岗岩。在微量元素方面,这些花岗岩均富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土,但来自两个剖面的花岗岩具有不同的稀土元素配分模式,可能代表它们的岩浆源区有所不同,因此需要进一步对这些花岗岩进行同位素地质学研究。相对于洋脊花岗岩而言,博罗霍努岩体的花岗岩明显富集K,Rb,Ba和Th,同时,显著亏损Nb,Ta,Y和Yb。以上地球化学特征及微量元素判别图表明,这些花岗岩类形成于俯冲有关的火山岛弧环境。结合伊犁及邻区岩浆岩的特征及其时代,可以认为博罗霍努岩体的形成与天山北部洋壳向南的俯冲造山作用有关。西天山北部俯冲造山作用最终在中二叠世结束,并在中—晚二叠世进入陆内造山和伸展拉张阶段。     

新疆云雾岭地区花岗岩主量元素特征及构造环境判别

新疆云雾岭地区花岗岩主量元素特征显示其为高钾钙碱性偏铝质—弱过铝质A型花岗岩,是巴颜喀拉地体抬升阶段早中期(侏罗纪)岩浆作用的产物。构造环境判别为POG型花岗岩,是大陆地壳后造山阶段向板內阶段转换时期的物质反映。     

Characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for two typical erodible soils in southern China

Granite red soil (GRS) and Quaternary red clay (QRC) are two typical erodible soils in the red-soil region of southern China. Analytical and comparative studies of the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for the two soils at various slopes are currently needed. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield for GRS and QRC at different slopes and to establish models for estimating sediment yield for the two soils. Forty-eight runoff microplots with four slopes (5°, 15°, 25°, and 35°) and two soils (GRS and QRC) were established and exposed to natural rainfall. Runoff and sediment yield were measured 10 times during the study period. Runoff and sediment yield for the two soils under the various slopes had similar temporal variations, and both increased with prior cumulative erosive rainfall. Runoff for GRS and QRC was moderately temporally variable, with coefficients of variation (CVs) from 46.2% to 60.6%, and sediment yield for QRC was strongly temporally variable, with CVs from 114.8% to 145.8%. Sediment yield for GRS increased with slope, but sediment yield for QRC first increased and then decreased, with a calculated inflection point of 18°, but runoff for both soils decreased with slope. The CVs of both runoff and sediment yield with slope for the two soils ranged from 3.6% to 88.0%, lower than the temporal variabilities, indicating that rainfall may have a larger impact than slope on runoff and sediment yield for QRC and GRS. Under the various slopes, runoff and sediment yield for both soils increased with rainfall and sediment yield increased with runoff, but the proportions of effective rainfall and runoff differed. Pedotransfer-function models based on rainfall, runoff, and slope accurately estimated sediment yield for the two soils, with the model fit coefficient of determination (R²) > 0.81 and the R² for verification >0.79. These results improve the understanding of the laws governing erosion for different soil types in the red-soil region of southern China and are important for managing the erosion of collapsing gullies and sloping farmland in the region.