World Patterns of Geographic Literacy Based on Sketch Map Quality

This paper discusses world patterns of geographic literacy and illiteracy based on the quality of sketch maps of the world drawn by university students in first-year geography classes. The study, sponsored by the International Geographical Union and funded by the National Geographic Society, contains 3,568 sketch maps of the world collected from 75 sites in 52 countries. For the purposes of this paper, geographic literacy is equated with the number of nations and continents included on the sketch maps. The individual map scores are aggregated to determine the average number of items per map for each site and nation. Our set of maps provides a baseline of world variations in geographic literacy just prior to the end of the Cold War. The sketch map techniques can be used to monitor changes in geographic literacy.     

Global Landscapes: Teaching Globalization through Responsive Mobile Map Design

This article reports on the design and evaluation of Global Madison, a mobile map designed to support teaching and learning about globalization using Madison, Wisconsin, as a situated classroom. Our experience of place increasingly is mediated by mobile devices, opening new opportunities and challenges for research, industry, and education. Despite this rising popularity, few guidelines exist for creating and using mobile maps. Following tenets of user-centered design studies, we conducted two mixed-method evaluations of Global Madison to improve the tool and generate design insights that are potentially transferable to similar mobile mapping contexts: 244 students participated in an online survey after completing the tour and eighteen students were observed in the field. The evaluations generated new design considerations for mobile maps supporting situated learning, include: focus on critical issues that might leave students stranded, append location-based services with traditional mapping, enforce cognitive association between map and landscape, supply a consistent feed of information for new learners, encourage collaborative learning in the landscape, and promote student safety above all else.     

在3D光栅地图中对高度的符号化表示

分析了三维图传输特点,以直观性、一览性、精确性为目标,尝试在用3D光栅图传输三维度地理空间数据的过程中,采用符号化方法,有效、准确地传输第三维度数据。     

大连金普新区建设变化监测项目的探讨

通过大连金普新区建设变化监测项目的工作实践,系统地阐述了该项目的内容、方法、生产工艺和质量控制,对保证项目的顺利进行、保障数据的真实可靠具有重要意义。     

Google Earth在土地确权中的应用技术研究

传统的地形图测绘通常采用扫描矢量化纸质地图、野外数字化实测、航空摄影数字化等方法获取制图数据,地形图精度可靠,但作业速度和效率不高,费时费力,作业周期较长。本文研究了利用Google Earth图像制作调查用工作底图的方法和步骤,并将制作的工作底图与实地测量结果进行了对比分析,最终得出了利用Google Earth制作的工作底图在精度上能够满足农村集体土地确权登记发证调查工作需要的结论,并对其存在的图像纠正、与实测界址点之间的误差等问题进行了分析说明。     

基于GIS的城市建筑群动力响应分析模型建模方法研究

建筑群震害响应模拟是现代城市震害防御管理工作的基础。高效的建筑信息获取方法与科学合理的建筑群动力响应分析模型建模方法是快速、准确震害模拟的前提,也是震害防御科学管理、迅速决策和精准施策的必要保障。本文提出利用GIS平台进行矢量地图数据采集、多图层空间叠加分析及地形分析;结合我国各地市政府数据开放平台,获取建筑使用功能、建成年代、结构类型及场地类别等基本信息;在此基础上建立一套基于真实城市信息的建筑群动力响应分析模型建模方法。该方法操作简便、模型精度高并且建模速度快,可实现城市区域大规模建筑群高效建模。针对成都市某街区建筑群进行数据采集和模型建立,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于ArcGIS Explorer的三维城中村构建研究

城中村信息三维构建是改造和管理城中村的前提和基础,本文以淮南市某城中村为例,介绍了基于ArcGIS Explorer建立三维虚拟城中村的研究过程,并重点探讨了系统体系结构、三维建模与系统功能等的技术与方法,结合Arcgis Explorer SDK进行定制开发,实现查询属性等功能。     

用流形坐标差异图提取高光谱影像潜在特征

等距映射和局部切空间排列降维后,低维流形坐标能够保留原始高光谱影像中地物光谱信息,用于提取原始影像的潜在特征。然而这两种流形方法的理论差异导致其低维坐标继承光谱信息的能力不同,对比这两种流形坐标可凸显出原始影像内部的潜在特征。因此,本文基于等距映射和局部切空间排列非线性降维,提出两种流形坐标的差异图法来提取高光谱影像内部的潜在特征。首先,根据流形坐标的光谱解释确定两种坐标的每一维代表相同的光谱信息。其次,根据相同的光谱特征,归一化两种流形坐标并调整坐标轴方向,统一两种坐标到相同的坐标框架。最后,通过加权流形图相减得到坐标差异图,采用经典的图像处理方法提取潜在特征。采用两个实验并对比等距映射和局部切空间排列方法的降维结果来验证本文方法。结果表明,流形坐标差异图能够成功提取单一流形结果无法得到的潜在特征,如靠河岸的浅水区域和大场景沼泽地中的低分辨率道路。这为高光谱影像的潜在特征提取研究提供了一种新方法。     

Continuity markers as an aid for children in finding the peripheral continuity of world maps

ABSTRACT

Many map readers, including both children and adults, find it difficult to determine where they would be located along the edge of a world map after crossing that edge. Different types of markers have long been drawn close to the map’s edge – for example, in an atlas – to help map readers identify the map upon which they will find themselves if that edge is passed. In this study, a method similar to that used to show the continuity between maps in an atlas has been tested to determine whether continuity markers can also be used to help map readers find a world map’s actual peripheral continuity. The study involved children between the ages of 10 and 13 years and showed that continuity markers do help children determine the map’s actual peripheral continuity, in combination with a lesson that describes how to find the actual peripheral continuity of a world map. This article, therefore, concludes that continuity markers for world maps can be a useful part of map design that clarifies how the edges of a world map fit together for children who have learned to use this tool.     

Jacques Bertin,from classical training to systematic thinking of graphic signs

ABSTRACT

Nearly 50 years after the publication of the first French edition of Sémiologie Graphique, Jacques Bertin’s thought is more than ever alive, in cartography as well as in various other disciplines, such as graphic design or visual data analysis. This article recalls the main elements of Bertin’s career and puts forward the salient points of his reflection on graphics. Beyond many conceptual or technical innovations, Bertin’s essential originality appears to be his attempt to propose a general framework for graphical representations.