氰化贵液直接电积提金新工艺

用电积方法直接提取氰化液中金,是根据溶液中金氰络阴离子Ａｕ（ＣＮ）－２的沉积原理,在直流电场作用下,使金在阴极上析出。江西金山金矿山多年采用电积法提金新工艺,简化了工艺流程,提高了金的总回收率,减低了金成本３０％～３８％。该提金工艺值得金矿山推广应用。     

新疆北部准噶尔-东天山地区金矿床成矿流体主要特征

产于新疆北部准噶尔-东天山地区的金矿床,主要形成于石炭和二叠纪,与该区的碰撞造山作用发生时间、空间、地球动力学背景完全吻合,代表了新疆北部后碰撞构造-岩浆-成矿活动的产物.该区典型金矿床石英流体包裹体小,以气液包裹体为主,未见含子矿物包裹体,含CO2包裹体相对小、少,流体的盐度低,流体的温度主要是中低温.相同类型金矿床成矿流体水的来源相近,不同类型金矿床水的来源不同.矿物中S、Pb同位素及黄铁矿和矿物包裹体流体中REE主要为深源,佐证了本区成矿物质金是深源,深源的金主要以金硫络和物形式向上迁移.流体中C为地幔与地层的混源,其中直接侵入于含炭碎屑岩建造的构造蚀变脉岩型金矿成矿流体中C主要为有机碳,凸显出本区沉积地层生物成因有机碳对深源的金在浅部的搬运及卸载成矿有重要作用.     

Gold contents of sulfide minerals in granitoids from southwestern New Brunswick,Canada

The abundance of gold and selected trace elements in magmatic sulfide and rock-forming minerals from Silurian–Devonian granitoids in southwestern New Brunswick were quantitatively analyzed by laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Gold is mainly hosted in sulfide minerals (i.e., chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite), in some cases perhaps as submicron inclusions (nanonuggets). Gold is below detection (<0.02 ppm) in major rock-forming minerals (i.e., plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite, hornblende, and muscovite) and oxides (i.e., magnetite, and ilmenite). Gold distribution coefficients between sulfide and granitoid melt are calculated empirically as: . This result suggests that gold behavior in the granitoid systems is controlled by the conditions of sulfur saturation during magmatic evolution; the threshold of physiochemical conditions for sulfur saturation in the melts is a key factor affecting gold activity. Gold behaves incompatibly prior to the formation of sulfide liquids or minerals, but it becomes compatible at their appearance. Gold would be enriched in sulfur-undersaturated granitoid magmas during fractionation, partitioning into evolved magmatic fluids and favoring the formation of intrusion-related gold deposits. However, gold becomes depleted in residual melts if these melts become sulfur-saturated during differentiation, leading to gold precipitation in the early sulfide phases of a granitoid suite. Late-stage Cl-bearing magmatic–hydrothermal fluids with low pH and relatively high oxidation state derived from either progressively cooling magmas at depth or convective circulation of meteoric water buffered by reduced carbon-bearing sediments, may scavenge gold from early sulfide minerals. If a significant amount of gold produced in this manner is concentrated in a suitable geological environment (e.g., shear zones or fracture systems), intrusion-related gold deposits may also be generated. Exploration for intrusion-related gold systems should focus on the areas around evolved phases of granitoid suites that remained sulfur-undersaturated. For sulfur-saturated granitoid suites, the less differentiated phase and associated structures are the most prospective targets.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users.     

Mineral zoning and gold occurrence in the Fortuna skarn mine, Nambija district, Ecuador

The Fortuna oxidized gold skarn deposit is located in the northern part of the Nambija gold district, southern Ecuador. It has been subdivided into four mineralized sites, covering a distance of 1 km, which are named from north to south: Cuerpo 3, Mine 1, Mine 2, and Southern Sector. Massive skarn bodies occur in K–Na metasomatized volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Triassic Piuntza unit. They appear to result from selective replacement of volcaniclastic rocks. Very minor presence of bioclast relicts suggests the presence of subordinate limestone. Endoskarn type alteration with development of Na-rich plagioclase, K-feldspar, epidote, actinolite, anhedral pyroxene, and titanite affects a quartz–diorite porphyritic intrusion which crops out below the skarn bodies in Mine 2 and the Southern Sector. Endoskarn alteration in the intrusion grades into a K-feldspar ± biotite ± magnetite assemblage (K-alteration), suggesting that skarn formation is directly related to the quartz–diorite porphyritic intrusion, the latter being probably emplaced between 141 and 146 Ma. The massive skarn bodies were subdivided into a dominant brown garnet skarn, a distal green pyroxene–epidote skarn, and two quartz-rich varieties, a blue-green garnet skarn and light green pyroxene–garnet skarn, which occur as patches and small bodies within the former skarn types. The proximal massive brown garnet skarn zone is centered on two 060° trending faults in Mine 2, where the highest gold grades (5–10 g/t) were observed. It grades into a distal green pyroxene–epidote skarn zone to the North (Cuerpo 3). Granditic garnet shows iron enrichment from the proximal to the distal zone. Diopsidic pyroxene exhibits iron and manganese enrichment from proximal to distal zones. The retrograde stage is weakly developed and consists mainly of mineral phases filling centimeter-wide veins, vugs, and interstices between garnet and pyroxene grains. The main filling mineral is quartz, followed by K-feldspar, epidote, calcite, and chlorite, with minor sericite, apatite, titanite, hematite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and gold. Metal and sulfur contents are low at Fortuna, and the highest gold grades coincide with high hematite abundance, which suggests that retrograde stage and gold deposition took place under oxidizing conditions. Fluid inclusions from pyroxene indicate precipitation from high temperature—high to moderate salinity fluids (400 to 460°C and 54- to 13-wt% eq. NaCl), which result probably from boiling of a moderately saline (∼8-wt% eq. NaCl) magmatic fluid. Later cooler (180 to 475°C) and moderate to low saline fluids (1- to 20-wt% eq. NaCl) were trapped in garnet, epidote, and quartz, and are interpreted to be responsible for gold deposition. Chlorite analysis indicates temperature of formation between 300 and 340°C in accordance with fluid inclusion data. It appears, thus, that gold was transported as chloride complexes under oxidizing conditions and was deposited at temperatures around 300°C when transport of chloride complexes as gold carriers is not efficient.     

内蒙古乌拉山地区韧性剪切退化变质作用与金矿的关系

韧性剪切变质变形作用不但是变质变形作用过程,而且也是重要的成矿作用过程.韧性剪切变质变形带是金矿成矿的有利地段,但不是所有的韧性剪切带都可形成成金矿,只有具绿片岩相退化变质的韧性剪切带才与金矿有关.     

陕西凤县马蹄沟金矿床控矿构造特征及其地质意义

马蹄沟金矿床位于陕甘交界陕西境内的凤县一带,西邻甘肃的两当县,东临陕西太白县。地处西秦岭礼县—太白矿集区的东段,凤县—太白矿集区北侧,是西秦岭金矿聚集区的一部分。由于处在商丹断裂带西段,经历过多期强烈的构造岩浆活动,该段有众多的金矿床产出,如太阳寺金矿、庞家河金矿、八卦庙金矿和双王金矿等大中型金矿床,同时褶皱和断裂构造比较发育,金矿床受构造的控制作用明显,并且已经得到多位学者的报道（刘方杰等,1999;胡晓隆等,2008;王义天等,2009;宫勇军,2014;马健等,2015）。马蹄沟金矿床内对该金矿的控矿构造及构造控矿作用的研究尚属于空白区,而其与邻区的金矿床构造环境相似。因此,本文结合该区地质背景,通过详细观测矿化蚀变带内控矿构造的特点,初步探究了马蹄沟金矿床的控矿构造特征,提供了进一步的找矿方向,对于总结商丹断裂带西段的构造控矿理论和完善该区域的矿田构造格局具有重要的科学意义。     

Geochemistry of lamprophyres at the Daping gold deposit,Yunnan Province,China: Constraints on the timing of gold mineralization and evidence for mantle convection in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Cenozoic lamprophyre dykes occur widely along the Ailao-Shan-Red-River (ASRR) shear zone related to the Indian–Eurasian collision. Two generations of lamprophyres have been found at the Daping gold deposit in the southern part of the ASRR shear zone and have been investigated by using phlogopite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating and whole-rock major and trace element as well as Sr and Nd isotope geochemical analyses. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages of phlogopite from the two generations of lamprophyres bracket the emplacement of auriferous quartz veins in the Daping deposit between 36.8 ± 0.2 Ma and 29.6 ± 0.2 Ma, consistent with the timing of gold mineralization in other parts of the ASRR shear zone. Geochemical data suggest that these lamprophyres most likely originated from a subduction-modified mantle source consisting of phlogopite-bearing spinel lherzolite, which underwent partial melting with contributions from crust materials. In particular, the second generation lamprophyres are characterized by more primitive geochemical features than the first, suggesting that secular source evolution probably resulted from post-collisional slab break-off mantle convection and remelting from ascending asthenosphere after subducted lithosphere break-off. Widespread and episodic occurrences of lamprophyres and other potassic volcanism in the eastern Tibetan Plateau were probably related to the onset of transtensional tectonics along the ASRR shear zone during Oligocene. A genetic model involving transtensional tectonics has been proposed for lamprophyres and gold mineralization in the ASRR shear zone.     

金矿成矿构造(找矿)信息模型研究--以山海关地区为例

利用航磁数据及图像合成增强处理技术,解译和研究了基底构造、区域性的ＮＥ向、ＮＷ向构造与金矿床的关系;利用ＴＭ图像处理及构造解译,研究了线—环构造与金矿床的关系,进而建立了金矿成矿构造找矿信息模型,开展了成矿预测。     

含重金属的尾矿渣场复垦还田种植农作物的安全技术

含有毒重金属的尾矿渣场复垦还田的安全经济技术方法是目前国内外的难点。为了探索尾矿渣场复垦还田后,种植农作物的安全性和经济性,笔者开展了小秦岭金矿区尾矿渣场不同覆土厚度农作物种植试验研究。结果表明:尾矿渣为土壤、农作物重金属提供了丰富的物源,尾矿渣、土壤和农作物中重金属排序为Pb>Cd>Hg;成熟中后期的农作物内重金属超过国家标准的风险高于成熟早期,叶菜类、果实类蔬菜及粮食类作物的风险主要来自Hg、Pb、Cd;块根类蔬菜是比较安全经济的种植作物,其中萝卜、土豆、青菜的经济安全种植厚度应大于40cm、50cm、70cm,在最大覆土厚度90cm上种植其他农作物也是不安全的;种植农作物后,土壤中Pb、Cd减少量与尾矿渣上覆土厚度有一定相关性,而Hg元素还与自身的挥发性有关;农作物对重金属的选择与重金属在黄土中的迁移能力是影响农作物吸收重金属的重要影响因素。试验结果可为研究金矿尾矿渣复垦还田的安全技术方法提供借鉴作用。     

Epithermal gold veins in a caldera setting: Banská Hodruša, Slovakia

The central zone of the large Miocene tiavnica stratovolcano in the Western Carpathians hosts epithermal Au mineralization of intermediate-sulfidation type, located at deep levels of the historic Rozália base-metal mine at Banská Hodrua. The Au mineralization occurs as subhorizontal veins at the base of pre-caldera andesites, close to the roof of a subvolcanic granodiorite intrusion. The veins are dismembered by a set of quartz–diorite porphyry sills and displaced by the younger, steeply dipping, Rozália base-metal vein, and parallel structures. The base-metal vein structures are related to resurgent horst uplift in the caldera center. The Au mineralization formed during two stages. Based on fluid inclusion evidence, both stages formed from fluids of low salinity (0–3 wt% NaCl eq.), which underwent extensive boiling at moderate temperatures (280–330°C). Variable pressure conditions (39–95 bars, neglecting the effect of CO₂) indicate continual opening of the system and a transition from suprahydrostatic towards hydrodynamic conditions at shallow depths (~550 m). The fluid inclusions of the Rozália base-metal vein show homogenization temperature peaks at ~285 and 187°C and salinities between 1 and 4 wt% NaCl eq. Precipitation of Au is considered to be the result of prolonged boiling of fluids and associated decrease in Au solubility. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope data for quartz and carbonate from the Au veins show a relatively homogeneous fluid composition (–2.7 to 1.1¹⁸O, –78 to –62D). The combined ¹⁸O_fluid and D_fluid values suggest a mixed character of fluids, falling between the fields of typical magmatic and meteoric water influenced by ¹⁸O_fluid shift due to fluid–rock isotopic exchange. End stages of open-system boiling and fractionation could have been reached, at least locally. Significantly lower isotopic composition of meteoric fluids associated with Au mineralization compared to those associated with the intrusion-related mineralizations could have resulted from changing paleoclimate and/or analytical problems of extraction of water from fluid inclusions. The proposed genetic model for the Au deposit at Rozália mine highlights the importance of hydrothermal activity during the early stage of caldera collapse. Caldera subsidence established new, convective, fluid-flow paths along marginal caldera faults, which acted as infiltration zones. Major metal precipitation occurred within subhorizontal structures that formed as the result of a collapse-related stress field. A shallow, differentiated magma chamber at the base of the volcano was the likely source of heat and magmatic components for the mineralizing fluids.Editorial handling: S. Nicolescu