Spitzer imaging of the jet driving the NGC 2264 G outflow

We present new infrared imaging of the NGC 2264 G protostellar outflow region, obtained with the InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope . A jet in the red outflow lobe (eastern lobe) is clearly detected in all four IRAC bands and, for the first time, is shown to continuously extend over the entire length of the red outflow lobe traced by CO observations. The redshifted jet also extends to a deeply embedded Class 0 source, Very Large Array (VLA) 2, confirming previous suggestions that it is the driving source of the outflow ( Gómez et al. 1994 ). The images show that the easternmost part of the redshifted jet exhibits what appear to be multiple changes of direction. To understand the redshifted jet morphology, we explore several mechanisms that could generate such apparent changes of direction. From this analysis, we conclude that the redshifted jet structure and morphology visible in the IRAC images can be largely, although not entirely, explained by a slowly precessing jet (period ≈8000 yr) that lies mostly on the plane of the sky. It appears that the observed changes in the redshifted jet direction may be sufficient to account for a significant fraction of the broadening of the outflow lobe observed in the CO emission.     

Reconsidering Schwarzschild's original solution

We analyse the Schwarzschild solution in the context of the historical development of its present use, and explain the invariant definition of the Schwarzschild's radius as a singular surface, that can be applied to the Kerr‐Newman solution too.     

凡纳滨对虾G蛋白Gαq基因的克隆和功能鉴定

为了寻找并克隆凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)G蛋白α亚基,为研究对虾的生理调控提供理论基础,通过简并PCR和RACE反应获得目的基因的全长cDNA序列;用Blast, DNAstar和Genedoc软件对所得序列进行分析,确定所得序列为凡纳滨对虾G蛋白Gαq基因,命名为pvGαq.将该基因的编码序列克隆到表达载体,通过免疫共沉淀实验和胞内Ca2 , IP3浓度的测定鉴定该Gαq亚基的功能,发现该亚基的序列和功能与其他Gαq家族成员具有高度保守性.用Western blotting分析发现pvGαq在对虾身体各部位存在普遍分布,尤其在脑神经、眼柄、腮和颚片中有大量表达,在嗅觉器官触角也有适量分布.说明了pvGαq在对虾生命活动中的重要性,为研究对虾的生理调控奠定了理论基础.     

广义G变论与地球运动略论

本文应用Ｇ 变新理论研究地球运动的规律,探讨地球上发生的各种地质作用。地壳运动的起因以及怎样把握运动的规律是地学界长期探索而至今仍颇有争论的一个重大科学问题。本文从对最基本的物理数学原理（开普勒第二定律和机械能守衡定律以及爱因斯坦相对论） 和定义拷问出发,寻找自然科学中某些研究难以突破的症结。从牛顿力学的局限中发现和建立更为准确的不仅限于研究地球运动规律的物理原理,即广义Ｇ 变论。正如天体运动轨道没有绝对的圆一样,该理论强调Ｇ 的变化的普遍性。强调物质的等能量运动和分布。从而对诸如天体运行、Ｇ 变规律、地球形状与运动等方面在理论和研究方法上提出了全新的观点     

基于5G的气象数据备份传输及监控告警系统的设计与实现

气象观测数据通常情况下通过内网有线宽带进行上传,但因设备故障、人为、自然等因素造成有线线路不通时,需要一种应急通信替代内网通信.此外,由于气象观测台站缺少断网、断电、软件卡死等故障告警机制,造成故障处理周期长,影响观测数据传输质量.本文针对气象观测台站存在的风险设计开发了基于5G的气象数据备份传输及监控报警系统,具备网...     

北半球500 hPa高度场定常波不平稳性分析

提出并阐明Lorenz环流分解意义下的定常波不平稳性概念,它是月平均网上纬向波动分量气候变率与定常波强度相对大小的表征.根据Lorenz环流分解,定义全域(局域)定常波不平稳度Ius(I1us),分析了北半球500 hPa位势高度场定常波强度较大的30°-60°N纬带的定常波不平稳性,结果表明:(1)全城定常波不平稳带位置存在季节件北进、南退过程.平稳的定常波出现在冬季的35°-55°N的中纬度带和夏季的副热带地区(35°N以南),分别与冬季的东亚大槽、北美槽和较弱的欧洲槽,以及夏季的副热带高压等系统相联系.不平稳度的高值中心出现在春季的35°N和夏季的50°N,这与定常波强度季节变化和月平均图上槽脊位置、强度年际异常有关.(2)局域定常波不平稳度存在着明显的纬向不对称性.平稳带通常位于定常波的强槽强脊所控制的区域,而不平稳带通常位于定常波强度较弱的区域.副热带(35°N及以南)局域定常波不平稳度冬强于夏,中纬度(35°N及以北)则夏强于冬.夏季局域定常波不平稳度地理分布具有复杂的结构.但无论冬夏,北欧是定常波最不平稳的地区,北美大陆附近的定常波则相对平稳.(3)夏季,从华北经东北至北太平洋存在一个定常波不平稳度高值带,其高值中心位于中国黑龙江省东部(45°N,130°E),主要影响中国北方(东北、华北、西北),可能是该区夏季气候脆弱带的环流成因.     

GE露点仪性能分析

对美国GE露点仪测量性能进行了分析。结合GE露点仪使用过程中遇到的问题,总结了GE露点仪的探头选择、探头安装位置、气密性及流量控制等使用要求。以双压法湿度发生器作为标准装置,对GE露点仪进行了大量静态测试,结果表明:GE露点仪相对湿度测量值偏低;在低温条件下,测量误差较大且分散性较大;随着温度的降低,灵敏度明显降低,测量重复性变差,至-10℃时性能下降明显。该文研究内容,对于认识GE露点仪测量性能,保证其测试准确度和可靠性具有重要意义。     

Quantifying uncertainty in changes in extreme event frequency in response to doubled CO2 using a large ensemble of GCM simulations

We discuss equilibrium changes in daily extreme surface air temperature and precipitation events in response to doubled atmospheric CO₂, simulated in an ensemble of 53 versions of HadSM3, consisting of the HadAM3 atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a mixed layer ocean. By virtue of its size and design, the ensemble, which samples uncertainty arising from the parameterisation of atmospheric physical processes and the effects of natural variability, provides a first opportunity to quantify the robustness of predictions of changes in extremes obtained from GCM simulations. Changes in extremes are quantified by calculating the frequency of exceedance of a fixed threshold in the 2 × CO₂ simulation relative to the 1 × CO₂ simulation. The ensemble-mean value of this relative frequency provides a best estimate of the expected change while the range of values across the ensemble provides a measure of the associated uncertainty. For example, when the extreme threshold is defined as the 99th percentile of the 1 × CO₂ distribution, the global-mean ensemble-mean relative frequency of extremely warm days is found to be 20 in January, and 28 in July, implying that events occurring on one day per hundred under present day conditions would typically occur on 20–30 days per hundred under 2 × CO₂ conditons. However the ensemble range in the relative frequency is of similar magnitude to the ensemble-mean value, indicating considerable uncertainty in the magnitude of the increase. The relative frequencies in response to doubled CO₂ become smaller as the threshold used to define the extreme event is reduced. For one variable (July maximum daily temperature) we investigate this simulated variation with threshold, showing that it can be quite well reproduced by assuming the response to doubling CO₂ to be characterised simply as a uniform shift of a Gaussian distribution. Nevertheless, doubling CO₂ does lead to changes in the shape of the daily distributions for both temperature and precipitation, but the effect of these changes on the relative frequency of extreme events is generally larger for precipitation. For example, around one-fifth of the globe exhibits ensemble-mean decreases in time-averaged precipitation accompanied by increases in the frequency of extremely wet days. The ensemble range of changes in precipitation extremes (relative to the ensemble mean of the changes) is typically larger than for temperature extremes, indicating greater uncertainty in the precipitation changes. In the global average, extremely wet days are predicted to become twice as common under 2 × CO₂ conditions. We also consider changes in extreme seasons, finding that simulated increases in the frequency of extremely warm or wet seasons under 2 × CO₂ are almost everywhere greater than the corresponding increase in daily extremes. The smaller increases in the frequency of daily extremes is explained by the influence of day-to-day weather variability which inflates the variance of daily distributions compared to their seasonal counterparts.     

2009年7月广西一次暴雨过程的数值模拟和诊断分析

运用WRF模式对2009年7月发生在广西地区的一次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,并利用模拟结果进行诊断分析。结果表明,模式能够合理地再现此次暴雨天气过程。在对流层中低层,水汽通量散度的负高值区、假相当位温广义波作用量密度和z-螺旋度的正高值区,与强降水落区都存在较好的对应关系;水汽通量散度负值中心大小及负值区向上伸展的高度、假相当位温广义波作用量密度的高值中心值,与降水强度之间存在一定的相关性;z-螺旋度的强度变化对降水强度的增大和减弱也具有较好的指示意义。