设定地震及其烈度影响判别

设定地震常用于震害预测、地震小区划和重大工程选址,烈度衰减模型反映了地震引起的地面震动及其影响的强弱程度分布。设定地震包括确定性和非确定性设定两种方法,确定性方法基于构造或历史地震,非确定性方法是基于概率危险性方法,用于估计区域或城市未来可能遭遇的地震危险。缺失等震线或震害记载不详的历史地震和概率设定地震都不能确切地反映地震破坏影响,借助于烈度衰减关系模型和GIS,可直观地判别其影响分布情况,便于设定地震的取舍。     

第21届IUGG大会简介（IAG部份）

简要介绍了第２１届国际大地测量与地球物理大会概况和部分专题报告，并着重介绍了ＩＡＧ（国际大地测量协会）组织的学术报告内容以及近年来国际上大地测量学科的新发展。     

慢旋转星体结构的微扰方法

本文用微扰的方法求解在广义相对论框架下，均匀慢旋转的轴对称的稳定星体的结构方程，对旋转的处理精确到角速度的二级近似．并用１０种可能的中子星的物态方程，计算了相应的稳定星体的结构．通过对物态方程Ｇ的详细计算结果，具体讨论了旋转对中子星的结构参量及各种性质的影响．     

Bounds for mass and rotation of black holes in the observable universe

The bounds for the energy change rate of a Maxwell field in the outer space of a rotating black hole, calculated by de Vries (1994) and de Vries (1995), enable us to deduce limits for the rotation and the mass of black holes. For this purpose we assume that a certain part of the anisotropies of the cosmic background radiation is due to absorption or superradiance of black holes (Teukolsky, 1973, Starobinskii and Churilov, 1973). The knowledge of these anisotropies yields bounds for rotation and mass of the black holes in the observable universe.     

A note on Earth's rotation angular velocity in the general-relativity framework

 The value of the Earth's rotational angular velocity determined from observations is given in the GCRS (geocentric celestial reference system) defined by Resolution B1 of the 2000 IAU General Assembly. The same quantity derived from dynamical theories of the Earth's rotation, such as SMART97, is referred to the␣DGRSC (dynamically non-rotating ecliptical reference system). The relativistic theory of reference systems (RSs) enables unambiguous general-relativity relations between these quantities to be derived. Received: 9 November 2000 / Accepted: 9 July 2001     

本世纪初我国大陆7级大震危险性研究

地震大形势研究结果表明，我国大陆地区（含边境）１９９９年已进入为期１２年的相对平静幕，幕内可能发生３次７级地震，最大震级不超过７．２级。首发７级地震为２０００年６月８日缅甸７级（位于中缅边境）。预计第二个７级地震危险时间在２００５±０．５年。第三个在２００８年前后。分析了我国主要地震区强震概率增益，给出了３个危险地点。未来３年即２００１～２００３年是相对安全时段，我国大陆不会发生７级以上破坏性地震。２０１１～２０２０年可能进入新世纪第一个７级大地震相对活跃幕，预计该幕持续１０年， 可发生１０次７～７.６级大震。     

n维广义Radon变换

本文提出了一种在任意变换曲线族情况下的广义Ｒａｄｏｎ变换及反投影公式，研究了在何种变换曲线情况下，其反变换能唯一恢复原出数。事实上，并非任意变换曲线簇作广义Ｒａｄｏｎ变换都能由象函数唯一恢复原出数，同时探讨了广义Ｒａｄｏｎ变换比常规Ｒａｄｏｎ变换地震数据处理中具有更广泛的应用。     

岩浆分离结晶作用的微量元素广义初始比值计算方法

本文提出了一种如何从分异的派生岩浆追溯和反演演化前的原生岩浆的微量元素初始比值的方法。据分离结晶方程logaC_1~q=k·loga C_1~p b,得广义初始比值:C_0~q/(C_0~p)~k=a~b。它与已公认的原生岩浆的判别参数如~(87)Sr/~(86)初始比、δ~(18)O‰、SI、Mg′值及微量元素丰度等有极好的一致性。并将这种方法应用于两个实例,得出大宁花岗闪长岩及其暗色微粒包体分属壳源和幔源;五大连池富钾火山岩的原生岩浆为白榴苦橄碧玄岩浆,而其中的超镁铁质岩包体则是分离结晶的火成堆晶体。     

琉球群岛附近海域中尺度涡的初步研究

采用1977年1月至2006年12月高分辨率全球大洋环流模型OFES输出结果对琉球群岛附近海域的中尺度涡进行了研究分析。结果表明:(1)尺度较大的涡旋的分布密集区主要有台湾以东海域、琉球海沟上层海域和四国以南海域。(2)琉球海流流经海域的反气旋涡旋占优势,有利于琉球海流的发展。(3)琉球海流受中尺度涡的影响十分显著,纬度越低,其受中尺度涡的影响越明显,而黑潮相对比较稳定,受中尺度涡的影响并不显著。(4)四国以南海域暖涡从黑潮脱落之后向西南移动,该涡旋的移动对琉球海流和黑潮产生特别显著的影响。文章的最后还讨论了中尺度涡与黑潮弯曲以及琉球海流可能存在的联系。     

Modelling monthly soil losses and sediment yields in Cyprus

The aim of this study was to map soil erosion on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The G2 model, an empirical model for month-time step erosion assessments, was used. Soil losses in Cyprus were mapped at a 100?m cell size, while sediment yields at a sub-basin scale of 0.62?km² mean size. The results indicated a mean annual erosion rate of 11.75?t?ha^?1?y^?1, with October and November being the most erosive months. The 34% of the island's surface was found to exceed non-sustainable erosion rates (>10?t?ha^?1?y^?1), with sclerophyllous vegetation, coniferous forests, and non-irrigated arable land being the most extensive non-sustainable erosive land covers. The mean sediment delivery ratio (SDR) was found to be 0.26, while the mean annual specific sediment yield (SSY) value for Cyprus was found to be 3.32?t?ha^?1?y^?1. The annual sediment yield of the entire island was found to be 2.746?Mt?y^?1. This study was the first to provide complete and detailed erosion figures for Cyprus at a country scale. The geodatabase and all information records of the study are available at the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) of the Joint Research Centre (JRC).