非稳态潜流交换过程研究进展

潜流交换研究涉及地表水-地下水系统交互作用的物理机制、影响因素和生化作用等方面,是近年来水文学、生态学、环境学等学科的研究热点。潜流交换过程包含水流运动、溶质运移以及能量传输过程。以稳态流动条件作为控制因素的潜流交换研究成果已经不能满足相关学科发展的要求。因此,近年来非稳态潜流交换过程的研究及其成果渐受关注。当前相关研究多以物理模型试验为主（如室内水槽试验、示踪试验）,辅以数值模拟或遥感技术进行验证,进而总结非稳态潜流交换过程水动力交换和能量交换过程规律。未来研究应在多时空尺度,集合多种高精度监测手段,研究潜流交换中的影响因素（如河流水位波动）,开发更精确的地表水-地下水耦合模型,系统认识非稳态潜流交换过程。有关非稳态潜流交换的研究结论将有效指导水资源保护与生态环境修复和综合治理。     

油气检测多技术联合在B油田的应用研究

B油气田处于开发初期,钻井少,目标区内含气储层边界认识不清,直接影响油田储量准确计算及后期开发井网部署和优化。为准确落实油田含气储层边界,利用分频能量衰减技术、AVO分析技术以及叠前弹性参数反演等多技术结合,并与已钻井相互印证,开展目标区含气储层地震响应特征分析,进而准确预测目标区含气储层边界。分析表明,受地震波衰减特性的影响,目标区含气储层具有低频能量增加、高频能量减弱的“低频共振、高频衰减特征;通过已钻井AVO正演分析可以判定目标区含气储层属于第Ⅲ类AVO异常,其地震正振幅随偏移距的增大而增强;岩石物理参数中,拉梅系数、泊松比、纵横波速度比为含气砂岩敏感参数,且泊松比区分含气砂岩的效果最好,可较好地反映含气储层平面分布。分频能量衰减、AVO分析及叠前弹性参数反演能较好地检测含气储层,多技术结合相互印证有助于提高含气储层边界预测精度,为目标区储量准确计算和开发井网部署优化提供支持。     

未来我国气体能源发展动向研究

"十四五"期间我国能源需求增速将有所放缓,但仍将处于高位,随着经济社会的不断恢复以及环境问题的显现,未来能源安全形势仍然严峻,及早建立清洁、高效、安全、多元化的现代能源体系,调整优化我国能源供给结构迫在眉睫.本文通过判断我国气体能源发展现状,构建气体能源优先发展评价指标体系,运用层次分析法与灰色关联度评价法对各气体能源进行对比分析得出,消耗排放、燃料热值、国际合作、政策扶持、生产成本、资源潜力、生产排放等因素对各气体能源发展影响最大;未来应优先发展致密气、页岩气、煤层气,理性发展煤制气,科学布局可燃冰开发规划;建议加大气体能源勘探投入,提高天然气供能比例,摸清页岩气资源家底,突破核心技术,提升环保监督、安全生产意识,优化统一现有政策.     

Major contribution to carbon neutrality by China’s geosciences and geological technologies

In the context of global climate change, geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality. This paper discusses the main problems, opportunities, and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality, as well as China’s response to them. The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories: (1) Carbon emission reduction technology (natural gas hydrate, geothermal, hot dry rock, nuclear energy, hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen energy); (2) carbon sequestration technology (carbon capture and storage, underground space utilization); (3) key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization (raw materials for energy transformation, carbon reduction technology). Therefore, geosciences and geological technologies are needed: First, actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas, geothermal energy, hydropower, hot dry rock, and key energy minerals, and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas; the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection, carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures, and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters; the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences, organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources, carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory, and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines. The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research. In the future, it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects, enhance the ability of climate adaptation, and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.     

5000 m新型能源勘探智能钻探装备与技术研究

结合我国地下新型能源勘探工作的重大需求,开展了“5000 m新型能源勘探智能钻探装备与技术”的研究,取得了5000 m多功能交流变频电动钻机、多参数孔底自动监测装置、高温环保泥浆及泥浆性能自动测量装置、取心和无心钻进不提钻互换钻具等系列成果,填补了国内空白,推动了新型能源深部钻探技术向智能化方向发展。     

锂同位素地球化学在地热流体水岩反应中的应用——以川西现代富锂热泉研究为例

高温流体的化学组成及同位素特征是深部环境信息的重要载体。本文基于锂同位素地球化学方法系统分析了川西现代热泉地热流体的水化学特征、水岩反应过程、补给来源、水岩反应温度及循环深度。研究结果显示,茶洛热泉水化学相类型为HCO₃-Na型,与地表水和冷地下水的HCO₃-Ca型存在明显区别。利用锂同位素温标估算茶洛热泉的水岩反应体系温度为227.80±19.84℃（2σ,n=8）,热循环深度为7348.08m±684.26m（2σ,n=8）。茶洛热泉水化学成分主要受水岩反应控制,处于非平衡向局部平衡过度。高K、Li、F、Cl等与花岗岩岩体有关的特征元素表明水岩反应中以与花岗岩岩体反应为主导,估算其贡献率约为75.34%。矿物饱和指数的计算,显示了热泉水中的白云石、萤石、霞石、方解石处于过饱和状态;钾盐以及大多数样品的石膏、硬石膏处于不饱和状态;石盐则趋近于平衡状态。锂元素浓度及锂同位素分析结果表明,热泉中的锂元素浓度远高于地表水和冷地下水,且富集较轻的锂元素。锂同位素质量平衡拟合估算与茶洛热泉水进行水岩反应的岩体的锂元素浓度为13.43±7.04×10^-6（2σ,n=13）,δ⁷Li_rock值为1.14±2.06‰（2σ,n=13）。岩体深度约6958~7450m。研究成果对于认识地热流体的富锂机理,拓展地热型锂资源的找矿思路均具有理论意义与实际应用价值。

     

碳中和目标下关键矿产在清洁能源转型中的作用、供需分析及其建议

在"碳中和"目标的驱动下,全球能源系统向清洁化、低碳化甚至无碳化发展已是大势所趋.针对向清洁能源转型的需求,采用了统计对比、分类汇总、综合分析等方法,分析研究了关键矿产在电池、电网、低碳发电和氢能等行业中的作用和需求.结合当前关键矿产产量的地理集中度高、项目开发周期长、资源质量下降等矿产供应和投资计划不能满足清洁能源转...     

基于能量理论的煤岩体破坏电磁辐射规律研究

为了给电磁辐射预测矿井冲击地压灾害提供理论依据,采用电磁波和损伤力学理论初步分析了电磁辐射能和加载机械能的关系;采用试验和能量理论研究了单轴压缩条件下煤体变形破坏产生电磁辐射能与受载煤体能量积聚、耗散的耦合关系。研究结果表明：加载机械能与煤体变形破坏产生的电磁辐射能成系数为m正线性关系,m与煤体的弹性模量成0.107 4的比例关系;受载煤体峰值弹性应变能与电磁辐射能成正对数关系,煤体的弹性能指数与峰值累积电磁辐射能、总累积电磁辐射能均成正线性关系,电磁辐射信号反映了能量聚集和耗散的状态,表征了煤体冲击破坏的难易程度。因此,电磁辐射能够预测矿井冲击地压灾害的发生。     

Is Ziarat a Potential Site for Conventional or Unconventional Energy Resources?

A structural interpretation of the Ziarat block in the Balochistan region (a part of the Suleiman Fold and Thrust Belt) has been carried out using seismic and seismological data. Seismic data consists of nine 2.5D pre‐stack migrated seismic lines, whereas the seismological data covers the Fault Plane Solution and source parameters. Structural interpretation describes two broad fault sets of fore and back thrusts in the study area that have resulted in the development of pop‐up structures, accountable for the structural traps and seismicity pattern in terms of seismic hazard. Seismic interpretation includes time and depth contour maps of the Dungan Formation and Ranikot group, while seismological interpretation includes Fault Plane Solution, that is correlated with a geological and structural map of the area for the interpretation of the nature of the subsurface faults. Principal stresses are also estimated for the Ranikot group and Dungan Formation. In order to calculate anisotropic elastic properties, the parameters of the rock strength of the formations are first determined from seismic data, along with the dominant stresses (vertical, minimum horizontal, and maximum horizontal). The differential ratio of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses is obtained to indicate optimal zones for hydraulic fracturing, and to assess the potential for geothermal energy reservoir prospect generation. The stress maps indicate high values towards the deeper part of the horizon, and low towards the shallower part, attributed to the lithological and structural variation in the area. Outcomes of structural interpretation indicate a good correlation of structure and tectonics from both seismological and seismic methods.