317国道某填方路基滑坡成因与稳定性分析

从坡体结构、变形破裂特征和地质环境条件,研究该隧道弃渣填方路基,发现其滑坡为圆弧形破坏.对滑坡体稳定性的定量和定性分析预测,天然条件下滑坡体潜在不稳定,地震、暴雨及水库正常蓄水条件下,将失稳破坏.建议补打钢管桩至滑面以下进行治理.     

Elevation trends and shrink–swell response of wetland soils to flooding and drying

Given the potential for a projected acceleration in sea-level rise to impact wetland sustainability over the next century, a better understanding is needed of climate-related drivers that influence the processes controlling wetland elevation. Changes in local hydrology and groundwater conditions can cause short-term perturbations to marsh elevation trends through shrink–swell of marsh soils. To better understand the magnitude of these perturbations and their impacts on marsh elevation trends, we measured vertical accretion and elevation dynamics in microtidal marshes in Texas and Louisiana during and after the extreme drought conditions that existed there from 1998 to 2000. In a Louisiana marsh, elevation was controlled by subsurface hydrologic fluxes occurring below the root zone but above the 4 m depth (i.e., the base of the surface elevation table benchmark) that were related to regional drought and local meteorological conditions, with marsh elevation tracking water level variations closely. In Texas, a rapid decline in marsh elevation was related to severe drought conditions, which lowered local groundwater levels. Unfragmented marshes experienced smaller water level drawdowns and more rapid marsh elevation recovery than fragmented marshes. It appears that extended drawdowns lead to increased substrate consolidation making it less resilient to respond to future favorable conditions. Overall, changes in water storage lead to rapid and large short-term impacts on marsh elevation that are as much as five times greater than the long-term elevation trend, indicating the importance of long-term, high-resolution elevation data sets to understand the prolonged effects of water deficits on marsh elevation change.     

Understanding and contextualizing social impacts from the privatization of fisheries: An overview

Fisheries management around the world has experimented with regulations to promote privatization, in order to reach such multifaceted goals as ending overfishing and reducing economic inefficiencies. This review surveys a wide range of empirical experiences in different contexts around the world to help provide a fuller picture of potential and sometimes disparate consequences from privatization in general and new ways of organizing around fishing that can follow in the wake of such measures. Looking at the many different participants in the fishing industry—from crew, small-boat owners, to households and communities—as well as the diverse sociocultural contexts in which fishing takes place, enables a better understanding of who and what is impacted, how they are impacted, why and with what further consequences, such that communities come to be seen less oppositional to economy, but rather constituted by multiple scalar processes and by economic relations comprising different motivations and behaviors.     

中国C2C淘宝网络店铺的地理分布

近年来,随着网络的普及、公众对网络购物认识程度的提高、物流业和经济环境的支持,以淘宝网为代表的C2C电子商务在中国呈现出迅猛发展的态势。本研究基于中国最大的C2C电子商务网站——淘宝网的数据,以中国大陆354个地级城市为研究对象,利用GIS工具和空间计量经济学中的四分位分布、Cartogram分布、Moran’SI指数等方法,对淘宝网的网络店铺进行地理分布的实证研究。研究结果表明,中国的C2C电子商务发展和当地的经济发达程度非常相关。经济发展程度越高、物流业越发达的地区,其C2C淘宝网店数量越多。淘宝店铺的数量分布呈现出自东部沿海向内陆地区明显的梯度降低趋势。东部地区,尤其是以上海和杭州为核心的长江三角洲、以广州和深圳为核心的珠江三角洲地区,C2C网络店铺数量众多,网络购物经济非常发达。西部地区除了若干地区的省会城市之外,大部分地区的C2C电子商务均处于非常落后的状态。对354个城市的空间自相关分析结果表明,中国的C2C电子商务发展存在着非常显著的、正的空间自相关性。即使是考虑人均指标,发展的空间集聚程度仍然非常之高。     

空间负载平衡探讨

设计、应用合理的空间负载平衡算法是当前分布式地理信息系统研究的一个重要方向。该文介绍了空间负载平衡的基本概念,给出了空间负载平衡的基本算法和改进算法及其空间应用研究现状。对于各种算法进行对比讨论,分析其优劣,指出存在的问题和未来研究的方向。     

Design and implementation of a Space-Time Intelligence System for disease surveillance

Modeling chronic and infectious diseases entails tracking and describing individuals and their attributes (such as disease status, date of diagnosis, risk factors and so on) as they move and change through space and time. Using Geographic Information Systems, researchers can model, visualize and query spatial data, but their ability to address time has been limited by the lack of temporal referencing in the underlying data structures. In this paper, we discuss issues in designing data structures, indexing, and queries for spatio-temporal data within the context of health surveillance. We describe a space-time object model that treats modeled individuals as a chain of linked observations comprised of an ID, space-time coordinate, and time-referenced attributes. Movement models for these modeled individuals are functions that may be simple (e.g. linear, using vector representation) or more complex. We present several spatial, temporal, spatio-temporal and epidemiological queries emergent from the data model. We demonstrate this approach in a representative application, a simulation of the spread of influenza in a hospital ward.This research was supported by grant R44ES010220 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and by grants R01CA092669 and R01CA96002 from the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The content of this paper does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS or the NCI.     

GIS技术和神经网络模型在地震地质灾害小区划中的应用研究

在前人对地震地质灾害小区划研究的基础上，以甘肃省景泰县城为实例，综合地震地质、地形地貌、活动断裂和场地条件等资料，利用地理信息系统技术和神经网络模型进行地震地质灾害小区划分类．结果表明该方法使以前定性的各类指标尽可能定量化，实现了计算机自动成图，提高了工作效率，结果更加准确直观．     

Evidence for coelacanths in the Late Triassic (Rhaetian) of England

The right gular plate of an indeterminate coelacanth from the Westbury Formation (Upper Triassic, Rhaetian) of Blue Anchor Point, Somerset, southwest England is reported. This occurrence represents the first convincing evidence of coelacanths from the Triassic of the United Kingdom. The new specimen suggests a fish of approximately 0.61 m length.     

青州国家地质公园规划编制探讨

＂国家地质公园规划＂是国家地质公园的＂宪法＂,是建设和管理国家地质公园的依据。按照国土资源部的要求,获得资格的地质公园必须按照《国家地质公园规划编制技术要求》编制国家地质公园规划,经省级国土资源部门初审后报部审查。青州国家地质公园规划是山东省第一个通过国土资源部审查批准的国家级地质公园规划,本文详细介绍了青州国家地质公园规划编写的要点和心得,以期与各位同行交流和探讨。