方解石矿床及工业利用

方解石矿床一般产于碳酸盐岩地区和侵入岩变质接触带,受断裂风化淋滤容矿,热液接触变质作用,由碳酸盐岩褪色重结晶而形成。方解石矿有三个显著特征：即白色、块大、致密。在化学工业,建材装饰,工艺雕刻上,都得到广泛应用。     

Assessing model of highway slope stability based on optimized SVM

Considering the geological hazards attributed to the highway slope, using a common simple model cannot accurately assess the stability of the slope. First, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to extract the principal components of six factors (namely, bulk density, cohesion, internal friction angle, slope angle, slope height, and pore water pressure ratio) affecting the slope stability. Second, four principal components were adopted as input variables of the support vector machine (SVM) model optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). The output variable was slope stability. Lastly, the assessing model of highway slope stability based on PCA-GA-SVM is established. The maximal absolute error of the model is 0.0921 and the maximal relative error is 9.21% by comparing the assessment value and the practical value of the test sample. The above studies are conducive to enrich the assessing model of highway slope stability and provide some reference for highway slope engineering treatment.     

遗传算法优化的支持向量机湿地遥感分类——以洪河国家级自然保护区为例

湿地遥感分类作为湿地管理、监测与评价的重要手段,受到了广泛的关注。遗传算法(GA)借鉴了生物进化规律进行启发式搜索寻优,支持向量机(SVM)是一种新型的空间数据挖掘方法,二者相结合可以发挥各自的优势,寻找到支持向量机的全局最优参数,从而较准确地对湿地进行遥感分类。以洪河自然保护区为例,采用遗传算法优化的支持向量机方法进行了湿地遥感分类研究。同格网搜索下的支持向量机湿地遥感分类及最大似然监督分类对比,结果表明,遗传算法优化较格网搜索方式总精度提高了7.29%,较最大似然监督分类提高了12.06%,方法改善了沼泽、草地与裸地三种地物间的区分,是湿地遥感分类的有效手段。     

云南省施甸县东山铅锌矿成因分析

云南省施甸县东山铅锌矿为一中型铅锌矿床.矿体赋存于二叠系沙子坡组,主要受近SN向的区域断裂F2和F18及次级断裂构造控制,岩石（性）控矿也十分明显,成矿与构造、深部断裂、岩浆热液活动密切相关.成矿地质背景及成矿地质条件有利,通过对矿床成因分析,展示了矿区较好的找矿前景和资源潜力.     

滇西大坪金矿床地质特征及成因初探

大坪金矿床被视为哀牢山造山带南段最典型的造山型金矿,但其诸多地质特征明显不同于国外典型造山型金矿床,而呈现出与浅成低温热液型金矿床的一致性.区域上,脉型金铜铅银矿床的产出与中酸性侵入岩及中基性火山岩密切相关.大坪金矿床形成于主要赋矿的桃家寨闪长岩侵位之后约800Ma的新生代构造-岩浆热事件中,金矿床是区域尺度伸展和转换拉伸应力体制的产物;成矿作用过程中,研究区构造动力体制发生了转换,主成矿期容矿断裂带显示为张剪性正断层性质.矿脉多(55条)、薄(0.2～0.8m)、长(200 ～ 1500m)、陡(56°～ 85°)、延深大(约700m),且近平行成带产出;矿体中Au品位高(超过10×10-6),Au/Ag低(o.1 ～o.5),且伴生Pb、Cu、Ag.矿石的充填型结构构造和矿物共生组合指示矿脉形成温度低、深度浅;矿化-蚀变样式以及蛋白石和氧化矿的出现表明成矿体系处于开放的氧化环境,成矿后保存良好.大坪金矿床这种特殊的地质特征可能与其复杂的区域构造背景及成矿演化过程密切相关,金矿床虽然具有造山型金矿的基本特征,但在成矿作用晚期,矿床浅部叠加了浅成低温热液型金铜铅银成矿作用.即大坪金矿床属于深部造山型+浅部低温热液型矿床套叠组合,成矿体系保存完整,现发现的均为浅部矿体,深部找矿潜力巨大.     

Local gravity field modeling using spherical radial basis functions and a genetic algorithm

Spherical Radial Basis Functions (SRBFs) can express the local gravity field model of the Earth if they are parameterized optimally on or below the Bjerhammar sphere. This parameterization is generally defined as the shape of the base functions, their number, center locations, bandwidths, and scale coefficients. The number/location and bandwidths of the base functions are the most important parameters for accurately representing the gravity field; once they are determined, the scale coefficients can then be computed accordingly. In this study, the point-mass kernel, as the simplest shape of SRBFs, is chosen to evaluate the synthesized free-air gravity anomalies over the rough area in Auvergne and GNSS/Leveling points (synthetic height anomalies) are used to validate the results. A two-step automatic approach is proposed to determine the optimum distribution of the base functions. First, the location of the base functions and their bandwidths are found using the genetic algorithm; second, the conjugate gradient least squares method is employed to estimate the scale coefficients. The proposed methodology shows promising results. On the one hand, when using the genetic algorithm, the base functions do not need to be set to a regular grid and they can move according to the roughness of topography. In this way, the models meet the desired accuracy with a low number of base functions. On the other hand, the conjugate gradient method removes the bias between derived quasigeoid heights from the model and from the GNSS/leveling points; this means there is no need for a corrector surface. The numerical test on the area of interest revealed an RMS of 0.48 mGal for the differences between predicted and observed gravity anomalies, and a corresponding 9 cm for the differences in GNSS/leveling points.     

基于线粒体基因的石珊瑚分子系统学研究

以广东徐闻地区常见的6科10属17种石珊瑚的21个样本为研究对象,对线粒体COⅠ、16SrRNA和mtSSU三基因片段数据进行了联合分析,并计算了属间和科间遗传距离;利用邻接法、最大简约法和最大似然法分别构建了分子系统树。序列分析结果显示,石珊瑚线粒体基因碱基构成同样具有AT偏倚特征;石珊瑚属间的遗传距离显著大于属内遗传距离,而所有石珊瑚与两个外类种群的距离均大于石珊瑚之间的遗传距离;在系统发育树中,分子系统分类结果与形态学分类阐述的遗传进化关系略有差别,暗示传统形态学分类可能受珊瑚骨骼生长可塑性限制。     

Numerical correlation of speleothem stable isotope records using a genetic algorithm

The correlation of geological records is commonly based on subjective and arbitrary interpretation by a researcher. Geological data are usually collected as a series on a depth scale, and then chronologies of the profiles are constructed. The correlation of geological records based on matching quality indicators requires an efficient method of searching for the best position. GenCorr is a software based on a genetic algorithm, for correlation of records with or without accompanying chronological control. Where their age information is available, points on both records may be moved in the range limited by the age uncertainties. GenCorr has been developed by the authors in Borland RAD Studio 2007 environment. The authors tested the impact of matched record length, noise level, sampling resolution, or additional linear components and hiatuses on the correlation results using artificial test data. Finally, the genetic algorithm was applied to stable isotope records obtained from two stalagmites collected from the Demianova Cave System (Low Tatras, Slovakia). The results show that the genetic algorithm correlation method is similar to that used in pattern recognition by the human eye without prior knowledge of the ages. The genetic algorithm is able to correlate in multidimensional space and is free from human biases, but we accept that there are also occasions where additional expert opinion may be also important. GenCorr can be run on every PC with MS Windows operating system, the package was not tested in Mac environment. GenCorr is available as a freeware from the authors. For downloading, please contact: dzeq@twarda.pan.pl.     

A hybrid computational approach to formulate soil deformation moduli obtained from PLT

In this study, new empirical equations were developed to predict the soil deformation moduli utilizing a hybrid method coupling genetic programming and simulated annealing, called GP/SA. The proposed models relate secant (E_s), unloading (E_u) and reloading (E_r) moduli obtained from plate load–settlement curves to the basic soil physical properties. Several models with different combinations of the influencing parameters were developed and checked to select the best GP/SA models. The database used for developing the models was established upon a series of plate load tests (PLT) conducted on different soil types at various depths. The validity of the models was tested using parts of the test results that were not included in the analysis. The validation of the models was further verified using several statistical criteria. A traditional GP analysis was performed to benchmark the GP/SA models. The contributions of the parameters affecting E_s, E_u and E_r were analyzed through a sensitivity analysis. The proposed models are able to estimate the soil deformation moduli with an acceptable degree of accuracy. The E_s prediction model has a remarkably better performance than the models developed for predicting E_u and E_r. The simplified formulations for E_s, E_u and E_r provide significantly better results than the GP-based models and empirical models found in the literature.     

文蛤（Meretrix meretrix）4个壳色花纹品系的遗传差异分析

应用AFLP技术对文蛤红壳（RS）、黑斑（BS）、细纹（TC）、暗纹（DF）4个壳色花纹品系进行遗传差异分析。利用15对AFLP引物组合对4品系共128个个体进行了PCR扩增和电泳检测,共得到789个位点,总多态位点比例90．75％。Nei’s基因多样性和Shannon’s信息指数显示,4个品系的遗传多样性大小,依次为...