西澳Mulga Rock煤与稀土的成矿关系研究

2016年,美国能源部启动了10个项目研究从煤炭和煤炭副产品中提取稀土元素。在澳大利亚,西部的Mulga Rock矿区是典型的煤-铀-稀土多矿种共生岩体,具有重要的科学研究价值。该矿区的总稀土资源量虽然目前尚未公布,但前景十分广阔。与世界上的许多矿床相似,Subhash Jaireth等（2014）的最新研究成果认为,该矿区的稀土元素也与褐煤有关 。中国东北内蒙古乌兰图嘎矿床含锗白垩纪褐煤中富含REE稀土元素,俄罗斯Promore地区的Spetsugli含锗煤矿中发现了高含量的稀土元素。内蒙古准噶尔含锗煤矿也报道过富含稀土元素。在德国Lusatia褐煤矿山的一个矿坑里的酸性水中高含量的稀土甚至带了环境问题。作者认为,在环境生态保护日益重要的前提下,煤矿中稀土等多金属矿产应综合利用开发,这样一方面能够提高经济效益,另一方面也能改善环境治理等社会效益。     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里断裂以南幔源底侵体、“钉合花岗岩体”的发现及其地质意义

新疆富蕴县滴水泉-畜牧办侵入体出露于卡拉麦里断裂以南,呈北西西向带状分布,以碱长花岗岩体为主,也可见规模较小的角闪辉长岩体。碱长花岗岩体的岩石组合为碱长花岗斑岩+碱长花岗岩,高硅(SiO_2=71.07%~76.71%),富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=7.41%~9.07%)、K_2ONa_2O(平均为1.10),显示出A型花岗岩的特点。角闪辉长岩体涌动侵入于碱长花岗岩体之中,二者接触带附近发育浆混性质的石英闪长岩。辉长岩+花岗岩的双峰式岩石组合、构造判别图解R2-R1及区域地质背景指示滴水泉侵入体形成于陆内伸展环境,且花岗岩体具有"钉合岩体"的作用,穿插了卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带。结合岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石年龄(碱长花岗岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为321±2Ma,角闪辉长岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为319±3Ma)可知,卡拉麦里洋盆在晚石炭世早期(321Ma)之前已经闭合。同位素及微量元素特征显示,碱长花岗岩为年轻地壳部分熔合融的产物,而角闪辉长岩则来源于亏损的软流圈地幔及俯冲交代的地幔楔物质,代表了同期花岗岩的底侵岩浆演化的产物。辉长岩与花岗岩相似的εNd(t)值及明显的岩浆混合作用表明该区的花岗岩体并非来源于底侵岩浆的高度分异或底侵体的部分熔融,而最可能为底侵体之上的年轻地壳的部分熔融,这一结论与最近一些学者研究的断裂以北的花岗岩体成因机制相同。晚石炭世早期幔源底侵体的发现,为卡拉麦里地区后碰撞花岗岩类的幔源底侵作用提供了可靠的地质依据。     

邵东县城石膏矿老采空区地面变形原因及防治对策

本文从邵东县城石膏矿老采空区地面变形的情况入手，对地面变形的原因进行了分析，并对变形趋势进行了预测，在此基础上从行政和技术角度提出了防治对策。     

麦兹矿田铅锌矿化演化特征及找矿

麦兹铅锌矿受下泥盆统化学沉积层及细碎屑沉积层控制，与火山活动，火山活动中心关系密切，属火山喷气沉积改造型铅锌矿床，矿田内具有铅锌矿找矿前景。     

201富铀矿床氢,氧,碳,硫,铅同位素研究

产于花岗岩中的２０１铀矿床是我国花岗岩型铀矿富矿之一。本文通过氢、氧、碳、硫、铅同位素组成的研究，探讨成矿溶液和成矿物质的来源，推测成矿环境。研究结果表明，该矿床成矿流体是以大气降水为主，主要成矿物质来自前燕山期花岗岩体，可能部分来自下部地壳，成矿作用是在较稳定的物化条件下进行。     

Formation of mineral and thermal waters of some artesian basins in Russia

Artesian basins contain the largest mineral water resources of the world. There are several types of mineral therapeutic water: sulfate, chloride, radon-rich, iron-rich waters, etc. Artesian basins occupy very large areas in Russia. However, genesis of water and brines is still not very clear. This is one of the most important hydrogeological problems that is being attempted to solve for many years. Most of the Russian hydrogeologists traditionally consider that these waters are of sedimentary origin. However, higher concentrations of bromine, iodine, iron, radon and other balneologically active components can be of different origin, for example, of infiltration or juvenile water. As an example, two areas will be considered – West-Siberian basin and East-European artesian area.West-Siberian artesian basin has very distinct latitudinal and vertical zonation. Latitudinal zonation is caused by climate changes from north to south. As for the vertical zonation, mineralization and chemical composition change in the vertical cross-section and from the periphery to the center within the same aquifer. The main mineral water resources of West-Siberian artesian basin are concentrated in Mesozoic rocks. Brackish waters and low-saturated brines without specific components are used for medical purposes. The most well-known spa is Karachi, which exploits chloride-hydrocarbonate brackish water. Sodium chloride bromine and iodine-bromine waters are used at other health resorts. It is possible to organize extraction of iodine from brines of Tcherkashinsko-Tobolskoe occurrence in Tumen region.East-European artesian area occupies most of the Russian Platform. The most widespread types of mineral water within the Russian Platform are sodium-chloride and magnesium-sulfate waters and brines. Such well-known spas, like Moscow mineral waters, Krainka, Staraya Russa and many others, belong to this type. Resources of these waters are definitely connected with sedimentogenic processes. The upper hydrodynamic zone contains iron-rich, hydrogen sulfide, and sometimes radon-rich water. Their formation is caused by the interaction between waters of infiltration and sedimentary genesis, or between infiltration waters and host rocks. One of the examples is Polustrovo iron-rich water. There are industrially valuable waters containing bromine and iodine.The resources of therapeutic water of sedimentary basins allow to increase balneological potential of spas in Russia.     

大别岳西地区花岗岩类岩石学及其成因

岳西地区花岗岩类主要由主簿原和白马尖二长花岗岩－正长花岗岩岩基、花岗闪长岩－石英二长闪长岩小岩体和晚期的淡色碱长花岗岩岩体组成。主要岩体形成于燕山晚期,为造山后花岗岩。岩基中花岗岩的暗色矿物为黑云母,主簿原花岗岩含有褐帘石,岩石化学显示为过铝质（Ａ／ＣＮＫ约为１．１）,稀土配分为右倾的、中等负铕异常（Ｓｍ／Ｅｕ为０．１６～０．２５）曲线。花岗闪长质的、没有变形的小岩体中普遍含有角闪石和榍石,岩石化学表现为准铝质（Ａ／ＣＮＫ为０．８～０．９,Ａ／ＮＫ为１．５～１．８）,稀土配分为右倾的无铕异常（或略有正铕异常）的曲线,但其形成时代和εＮｄ（０）值与主要岩基相同。花岗岩类的εＮｄ（０）值均为较大的负值（－１７～－２６）,在εＮｄ（０）－εＳｒ（０）图上,表现为一条水平带状分布,显示其源岩为存留时间很长的古老地壳。     

滇西可地浸砂岩型铀矿特征,成因类型及成矿模式

文阐述了滇西新生代盆地可地浸砂岩型铀矿的矿床特征,讨论了铀矿床的成因类型,认为属“潜水顺层氧化带型”铀矿床。根据铀矿床的形成机制,对滇西地区新生代盆地的砂岩型铀矿成矿模式进行了探讨。     

辐射损伤法在寻找层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床的应用研究

本文论述了电子顺磁共振法测量岩石中结晶石英的顺磁中心浓度──辐射损伤法在层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床中的应用；在层间氧化带中，氧化带岩石中的石英顺磁中心浓度高，铀含量低，即辐射损伤大，古轴量高，而氧化－还原过渡带中的石英顺磁中心浓度低，铀含量高，表明铀源来自氧化带岩石。由此可以探讨矿床成因和成矿物质来源，并用于找矿和成矿预测工作。     

皖北刘桥二矿井下析出物的成因探讨

刘桥二矿投产两年多来，井下的渗水部位不断有钙、铁、锰质等析出物形成。初步分析，这是地下水的水文地球化学环境变化及其对基岩产生机械、化学潜蚀作用的结果。析出物的形成速度较快，局部排出量大，对矿井水环境质量及基岩强度有一定影响，应引起有关部门重视。