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91.
提出一种基于Gauss-Listing大地水准面经典定义的地球重力场模型评价方法。该方法依据经典大地水准面为重力等位面的特性,选取某大地水准面为参考面,计算不同地球重力场模型在该参考面上的重力位标准差,以此作为不同模型相对优劣的评价指标。利用该方法对不同地球重力场模型以及同一重力场模型在不同区域的精度进行评价,结果表明,EGM96模型、 OSU91A模型的大地水准面精度分别为±11.1 cm、±14.3 cm,EGM2008模型、EIGEN-6C4模型分别为±8.8 cm、±8.9 cm,说明后2个模型的精度相当,且优于前2个模型。该模型评价方法的研究结果显示,对于某全球大地水准面,EGM2008模型和EIGEN-6C4模型的大地水准面精度分别为±11.3 cm和±14.1 cm,即在cm级精度上EGM2008模型略优。 相似文献
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Using two-dimensional dynamic models of the Northern Izu–Bonin (NIB) subduction zone, we show that a particular localized low-viscosity (ηLV = 3.3 × 1019 − 4.0 × 1020 Pa s), low-density (Δρ ∼ −10 kg/m3 relative to ambient mantle) geometry within the wedge is required to match surface observations of topography, gravity, and geoid anomalies. The hydration structure resulting in this low-viscosity, low-density geometry develops due to fluid release into the wedge within a depth interval from 150 to 350 km and is consistent with results from coupled geochemical and geodynamic modeling of the NIB subduction system and from previous uncoupled models of the wedge beneath the Japan arcs. The source of the fluids can be either subducting lithospheric serpentinite or stable hydrous phases in the wedge such as serpentine or chlorite. On the basis of this modeling, predictions can be made as to the specific low-viscosity geometries associated with geophysical surface observables for other subduction zones based on regional subduction parameters such as subducting slab age. 相似文献
94.
等高线悖论与广义等高线定义的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
根据等高线是地图上可视化的线并与地图比例尺密切相关的条件,推出了等高线悖论,即等高线是地面上一定范围内高程相等或不相等的点的连线在水平面上的投影。提出了点元概念,推导了等高线是地面上的等高点元集在地图平面上的同胚或拓朴映射的广义等高线定义。本定义包容了传统的等高线定义并可解释制图综合规律。因此,广义等高线定义更适用于等高线可视化的地图应用环境。 相似文献
95.
Spatial dimensions of New Zealand's environmental management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
New Zealand's regional council boundaries drawn as part of the 1989 local government reforms privilege integrated catchment management. This privilege is now challenged by calls to both fragment and amalgamate councils and centralise decision‐making but with little analytic assessment of the spatial differentiation to support them. The spatial underpinnings of these calls were explored using a case study that assessed the spatial dimensions of environment management. Analysis of the Land Environments and River Environment Classification databases and councils' planning documents highlights challenges local governments face in applying integrated natural resource management within single purpose jurisdictions and implications for wider sustainable development policy. 相似文献
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Car routing solutions are omnipresent and solutions for pedestrians also exist.Furthermore,public or commercial buildings are getting bigger and the complexity of their internal structure has increased.Consequently,the need for indoor routing solutions has emerged.Some prototypes are available,but they still lack semantically-enriched modelling (e.g.,access constraints,labels,etc.) and are not suitable for providing user-adaptive length-optimal routing in complex buildings.Previous approaches consider simple rooms,concave rooms,and corridors,but important characteristics such as distinct areas in huge rooms and solid obstacles inside rooms are not considered at all,although such details can increase navigation accuracy.By formally defining a weighted indoor routing graph,it is possible to create a detailed and user-adaptive model for route computation.The defined graph also contains semantic information such as room labels,door accessibility constraints,etc.Furthermore,one-way paths inside buildings are considered,as well as three-dimensional building parts,e.g.,elevators or stairways.A hierarchical structure is also possible with the presented graph model. 相似文献
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Doñana National Park is an area of approximately 500 km2 located on the SW coast of Spain that shows one of the greatest geoid gradients on the entire Iberian Peninsula, due to its peculiar tectonic characteristics. So, it is necessary to elaborate an accurate geoid model that can be used with GPS for precise surveying, since the existing ones are insufficient, due to their poor resolution and their limited adaptation to a small area with such a strong gradient. The least squares prediction method was tested in order to obtain the undulation from GPS/orthometric points. The results obtained were unsatisfactory because of the strong geoid gradient. In order to improve accuracy the remove-restore technique was used. Global geopotential model EIGEN-CG01C and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a 25 × 25 m resolution and an accuracy better than 3 m were used. Thus, the final geometrical geoid obtained reaches the precision required by other disciplines (3 cm in any point within the Park). Particularly, the geoid model has allowed for the acquisition of a precision DEM that is essential to formulate a hydrodynamic model for the Doñana marsh functions. 相似文献