Spherical harmonic representation of the gravitational potential of discrete spherical mass elements

b
We present expressions in a spherical harmonic framework for the gravitational potential of discrete point, surface, and volume mass elements located at any depth within a sphere. Through analysis of the spherical harmonic spectrum, insight is gained into the properties of the potentials arising from a variety of mass distributions. A point mass at the surface of a sphere displays the richest harmonic spectrum in all degrees; spectra become increasingly reddened as the source mass is distributed through larger elements of area or volume, or is located at greater depths below the surface of the reference sphere. The spectra of dipolar distributions, useful in representing compensated masses, are depressed, especially in the low harmonic degrees, relative to the spectra of monopole elements.     

On the distribution of anomalous mass within the Earth: forward models of the gravitational potential spectrum using ensembles of discrete mass elements

b
We investigate forward models of the gravitational potential spectrum generated by ensembles of discrete sources of anomalous mass, having radial distributions with different statistical properties. Models with a random distribution of point source locations throughout the volume of the mantle produce spectra similar to that of the Earth only when the (absolute) source magnitudes increase strongly with depth, at least as d ^1.5. The effects of the geographic (latitude-longitude) distribution of source locations are generally unimportant in determining the general degree dependence of the potential spectrum. The dimensions of the sources are also of secondary importance, at least up to an angular diameter of about 40, i.e., continent-sized. Sources of this size confined to the upper mantle do not appear capable of producing the degree dependence of the observed geopotential spectrum; the low harmonics (2-4) in particular appear to require lower mantle sources of considerable strength. Further, at least some of these deep sources must be largely monopolar in nature, (i.e., uncompensated) due to the stronger depth attenuation of dipole (compensated) sources. Because topography on the core-mantle boundary must be either isostatically or dynamically compensated, it may contribute little strength to the observed potential spectrum.     

对"绿洲"概念及分类的探讨

在绿洲的概念及分类这一问题上众多学者存在着分歧。本文提出了绿洲的概念、定义和分类意见。认为人类为某种目的在干旱、半干旱和旱寒气候区特有值被带中通过人为供水所建立的人工生物群落的地理综合景观区称为绿洲（Ｂｏｓｔａｎ、Ｏａｓｉｓ）。绿洲分布区应划定在干燥度（Ｋｅ＝０．１６∑ｔ／ｒ）大于１．５的地区（Ｋｅ＝１．５～３．９９为半干旱区;Ｋｅ≥４．００为干旱区,≥１０℃的积温２００～１６００℃之间为旱寒区）     

顾及垂线偏差的重力大地水准面差距内插法

指出传统距离加权内插法的不足,推导了垂线偏差同大地水准面差距偏导数的转换公式,在此基础上利用间接平差模型得到了顾及垂线偏差的重力大地水准面差距内插法,改进了传统距离加权平均法。     

利用卫星测高技术确定浙江海域大地水准面

利用多颗卫星的测高数据,经共线平均及交叉点平差,建立浙江深海海域2.5′×2.5′格网分辨率的平均海面高模型,在扣除海面地形影响后得到海域的大地水准面起伏,并与EGM2008所得计算结果进行对比;利用移去-恢复技术及SVR方法,联合验潮站GPS/水准数据与EGM2008大地水准面模型,计算浙江近岸海域大地水准面起伏;最终建立浙江海域2.5′×2.5′格网分辨率的大地水准面模型。     

利用等效点质量进行(似)大地水准面拟合

基于等效源原理,提出了一种半自由点质量模型,并给出了顾及相邻点空间关系构造虚拟点质量的简单快速迭代算法。实验结果表明,利用该点质量模型对离散GPS/水准观测数据进行拟合是可行的。     

利用EGM2008位模型计算中国高程基准与大地水准面间的垂直偏差

高程基准面相对于大地水准面的垂直偏差是区域高程基准转换和全球高程基准统一的基础数据.利用最新发布的EGM2008地球重力场模型和中国均匀分布的936个GPS水准点数据计算得出中国青岛大港验潮站的重力位为62 636 852.85±0.07 m2/s2,进而得到中国1985高程基准相对大地水准面的垂直偏差为0.32 m.