西藏1∶5万改则县北亭贡南部地区地质矿产调查主要成果

西藏1∶5万改则县北亭贡南部地区地质矿产调查项目取得的主要成果有:①通过采集到的古生物化石依据,新建上三叠统嘎拉弄组,厘定上侏罗统吐卡日组;②通过精准锆石U-Pb测年,得出闪长岩体年龄值为(120±0.7) Ma,下白垩统美日切错组年龄值为(121.9±1.6) Ma,证实早白垩世是测区最为剧烈火山作用时期,与班公湖-怒江洋的俯冲有关。     

西藏改则热那错上三叠统日干配错组碳酸盐岩岩石学特征与沉积环境*

西藏改则县热那错东沟剖面上三叠统卡尼阶至瑞替阶日干配错组沉积了厚度较大的碳酸盐岩地层,其中化石丰富。在碳酸盐岩中识别出11种主要的岩石类型：灰泥灰岩﹑含生物碎屑灰泥灰岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、内碎屑泥粒灰岩、内碎屑颗粒灰岩、藻颗粒灰岩、多种类型鲕粒灰岩、单一类型鲕粒灰岩、球粒泥粒灰岩和生物礁灰岩。根据岩石特征及组合类型可划分为5种沉积相：陆源碎屑滨岸相、局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘浅滩相和台地边缘礁相,它们共同构成了日干配错组4个有序的海侵—海退旋回,整体显现出海侵的相序结构。     

Geochemistry and tectonic significance of volcanic rocks from Qushenla Formation in Gerze area of northern Tibetan Plateau

By using petrological,isotope chronological,and geochemical methods,the authors studied the volcanic rocks in the studied area,mainly including dacites and trachytes. The results show that they formed during the late Early Cretaceous. Geochemically,the volcanic rocks are relatively enriched in large-ion lithophile elements( Rb,K,and Th) and depleted in high field strength elements( Nb,Ta,and Ti),and rich in light rare earth elements,and depleted in heavy rare earth elements. The fact indicates that the main body of the volcanic rocks in the Qushenla Formation was derived from the partial melting of lower crust. The lithological assemblages are characterized by continental high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic series,suggesting that the southward-subducting oceanic slab in southern Bangong Lake had break off and that the Bangong Lake-Nujiang Ocean had closed before 107 Ma. The main dynamic mechanisms for the genesis of this set of intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks were upwelling of the asthenosphere and partial melting of the lower crust caused by slab break-off.     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION OF THE 2008 GAIZE EARTHQUAKES RESOLVED FROM INSAR MEASUREMENTS BY MULTIPLE VIEW ANGLES AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

The 2008 Gaize M_W6.4 earthquake,occurring on the tensional active fault zone located between Lhasa terrane and Qiangtang terrane in the interior of Tibet is a typical normal-faulting event.In this paper,we resolve the three-dimensional coseismic displacement fields of the earthquakes using a least-square iterative approximation solution with a priori knowledge,according to the theoretical basis that InSAR measurements are extremely insensitive to N-S component.Results show that the boundary dividing the two sides of the main-shock fault is very clear in the vertical movement,and two remarkable subsidence centers can be observed on the hanging wall,while amplitude of the west one (-48.9cm) is larger than the east (-41.4cm),but the maximum uplift on the footwall is only 5cm.In addition to some northward movement with amplitude less than 5cm around the aftershock fault,the north-south deformation field suggests an overall southward movement.The three-dimensional results indicate that the induced surface movement is predominantly vertical and mostly occurred on the upper side,while there are obvious east-west separation and eastward rotation in the horizontal plane.The full vectors are consistent with simulated deformation field with the RMSE less than 6cm,so the research demonstrates the feasibility of the method to recover precise three-dimensional deformation field.On the whole,the three-dimensional deformation field coincides with the tensile fracture characteristics of Gaize earthquakes,and the tectonic stress background of coeval east-west extension and north-south shortening.     

西藏改则县北亭贡南部地区埃达克岩的发现

在西藏改则县北亭贡南部地区发现一套岩石组合以辉绿玢岩-细粒闪长岩一细粒石英闪长岩-安山岩-凝灰岩组成的埃达克岩,根据岩石学、岩石化学、岩石地球化学及产出构造环境与典型埃达克岩对比,其完全符合埃达克岩类型,埃达克岩的发现为研究区火成岩成因问题和铜矿的找矿方向提供新思路。     

西藏改则热那错地区上三叠统日干配错组碳酸盐岩C、O同位素特征及其地质意

西藏改则热那错地区位于南羌塘盆地南缘,在该区发育了一套厚度较大的碳酸盐岩沉积。对该区碳酸盐岩C、O稳定同位素的研究,可以恢复其形成的古环境及沉积特征。在野外剖面测制(1∶2 000)、样品系统采集的基础上,对其碳酸盐岩进行C、O同位素的测试及分析,结果表明：西藏改则热那错地区古海水盐度Z值为12632~13537,属正常海水—超咸水;古海水温度平均值为224 ℃,代表温暖的气候环境;δ18O、δ13C值均随海平面的变化而变化,海水越深,δ18O值越大。根据C、O同位素计算出的古温度、古盐度与所划分的沉积相带是相互对应的。     

西藏改则县白弄铜金矿床地质特征及意义

通过对白弄铜金矿床详细的地质构造背景、含矿岩石及产出特征等研究表明,测区班怒结合带内铜金矿不具有斑岩型矿床特征,其与班怒洋在早白垩世双向俯冲、碰撞形成的闪长岩、石英闪长岩关系密切,依此把测区内班怒结合带内的铜金矿床确定为白弄闪长岩型-矽卡岩型铜金矿床,进一步完善了班怒结合带西段铜金矿矿床的类型,为今后在班怒结合带内寻找铜金矿矿床提供了新的资料.     

西藏改则上三叠统日干配错组生物礁组成特征及演化

西藏改则地区上三叠统日干配错组发育有大量生物礁,造礁生物有六射珊瑚、钙质海绵和钙藻类,附礁生物为双壳类、有孔虫、苔藓虫、棘皮动物、腹足类、腕足类等。单个礁体的生物发育顺序可分为5个阶段,自下而上依次为:钙藻类+双壳类+腹足类→钙藻类+双壳类+六射珊瑚→六射珊瑚→六射珊瑚+钙质海绵+苔藓虫→生物碎屑。与此相对,各礁体岩性演化顺序也包括5段:生物碎屑灰岩→障积岩→骨架岩→粘结岩→生物碎屑和内碎屑灰岩。台地边缘生物礁的发育经历了3个旋回,各旋回组成结构相似,礁体均由礁基、礁核和礁顶构成,生物礁经历了生物礁奠基、初期繁盛、最大繁盛和生物礁衰亡4个演化阶段。旋回Ⅰ和旋回Ⅱ规模较大,内部构成复杂,旋回Ⅲ规模较小,内部构成较简单,自下而上构成一个海侵大背景下的次级进积序列。     

2020年西藏改则3次5级以上地震总结

系统总结2020年2月—3月西藏改则3次5级以上地震发生前出现的地震活动性和地球物理观测异常,结果如下:①地震活动性:震前存在地震发生率异常;②地球物理观测:3次地震震中500 km范围内无观测台站分布,地球物理场观测能力较弱;③综合方法:识别出Wq值异常。3次改则地震均位于可可西里至唐古拉地区,其中2月21日5.0级地震位于羌塘地块北缘,而3月10日5.0级和3月12日5.1级地震位于羌塘地块南缘,且3月的2次地震相距约5 km,构成震群型序列。对3次5级以上地震序列的跟踪发现,2月21日改则5.0级地震序列主要分布在向阳湖—布若错断裂南侧发育的一条NNE走向的小断裂上,余震较少,震后40天内共发生8次ML 2.0以上地震,主震震源机制为张性破裂;3月10日5.0级和3月12日5.1级地震震源机制均为走滑型,余震序列丰富,主要分布在多条构造的延伸区域,计算得到序列h值为0.58,b值为0.88。综合分析认为,改则3次5级以上地震前地震活动异常较少,主要为具有中期意义的异常,综合方法的异常识别主要为后续强震的地点判定提供依据。     

基于D-InSAR技术的西藏改则地震同震形变场特征分析

2008年1月9日在西藏改则地区发生6.9级地震, 接着1月16日又发生6.0级余震, 表现为双震型。 本文利用差分干涉测量技术(D-INSAR), 通过对欧空局ASAR数据进行处理获取了其同震干涉形变场。 通过分析表明: 改则地震干涉形变场呈双贝壳状, 影响范围约33 km×30 km, 以北东向地震破裂带为分界线分为西北视线向沉降盘与东南视线向隆升盘, 最大视线向沉降形变量约53.2 cm, 最大视线向隆升形变量约11.3 cm。 西北沉降盘又存在东、 西两个形变中心, 推测西部形变中心受6.0级余震的控制, 东部形变中心受6.9级主震的控制。 宏观震中位置应位于左旋走滑改则—洞错断裂与依布茶卡—日干配错断裂的分阶部位(左阶), 构造应力场以张性拉伸为主, 导致地震破裂为典型的正断层破裂, 与此次地震的干涉形变场特征及哈佛大学震源机制解吻合。