等价观测理论的可变参数序贯平差模型

针对序贯平差中常遇到的未知参数增减的问题,文章提出了基于等价观测理论的可变参数序贯平差模型,并进一步得出其对应的验后单位权中误差模型,其公式形式要比传统模型简单得多,非常便于计算机编程实现;采用卫星高度角模型作为单点定位验前随机模型,较好地减少了卫星观测值的随机误差。最后采用等价模型和传统模型分别对GPS/GLONASS静态单点定位不同的伪距观测值组合进行解算,实验结果表明:所提出模型的定位解算结果与传统模型完全一致,且其精度与传统模型相当,具有较强的实用性。     

An approach to GLONASS ambiguity resolution

 When processing global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) carrier phases, the standard double-differencing (DD) procedure cannot cancel receiver clock terms in the DD phase measurement equations due to the multiple frequencies of the carrier phases. Consequently, a receiver clock parameter has to be set up in the measurement equations in addition to baseline components and DD ambiguities. The resulting normal matrix unfortunately becomes singular. Methods to deal with this problem have been proposed in the literature. However, these methods rely on the use of pseudo-ranges. As pseudo-ranges are contaminated by multi-path and hardware delays, biases in these pseudo-ranges are significant, which may result in unreliable ambiguity resolution. A new approach is addressed that is not sensitive to the biases in the pseudo-ranges. The proposed approach includes such steps as converting the carrier phases to their distances to cancel the receiver clock errors, and searching for the most likely single-differenced (SD) ambiguity. Based on the results from the theoretical investigation, a practical procedure for GLONASS ambiguity resolution is presented. The initial experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is useable in cases of GLONASS and combined global positioning system (GPS) and GLONASS positioning. Received: 19 August 1998 / Accepted: 12 November 1999     

组合GPS/GLONASS在车辆导航和监控系统中的应用探讨

给出了基于卡尔曼滤波的组合GPS／GLONASS伪距单点实时动态定位的原理,并通过模拟实验表明组合GPS／GLONASS可以改进单独GPS车辆导航和监控系统的定位精度和可幸性,为车最GPS在高楼林立的城区或其它可视条件受限制地带的应用提供了保证。     

多卫星导航系统精密单点定位精度分析

随着北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）于2012年底正式提供亚太地区区域性服务,研究BDS与其他卫星导航系统的组合定位尤为重要。本文主要分析BDS与GPS、GLONASS组合精密单点定位（PPP）,统一了三类卫星的时间系统和空间系统,给出了PPP非差组合模型,利用九峰站全天观测数据进行实验,得到初步结论：组合定位系统能够减少单系统的收敛时间;组合定位系统的定位精度比单系统的定位精度高。     

Performance analysis of integrated GPS/GLONASS carrier phase-based positioning

Due to the different signal frequencies for the GLONASS satellites, the commonly-used double-differencing procedure for carrier phase data processing can not be implemented in its straightforward form, as in the case of GPS. In this paper a novel data processing strategy, involving a three-step procedure, for integrated GPS/GLONASS positioning is proposed. The first is pseudo-range-based positioning, that uses double-differenced (DD) GPS pseudo-range and single-differenced (SD) GLONASS pseudo-range measurements to derive the initial position and receiver clock bias. The second is forming DD measurements (expressed in cycles) in order to estimate the ambiguities, by using the receiver clock bias estimated in the above step. The third is to form DD measurements (expressed in metric units) with the unknown SD integer ambiguity for the GLONASS reference satellite as the only parameter (which is constant before a cycle slip occurs for this satellite). A real-time stochastic model estimated by residual series over previous epochs is proposed for integrated GPS/GLONASS carrier phase and pseudo-range data processing. Other associated issues, such as cycle slip detection, validation criteria and adaptive procedure(s) for ambiguity resolution, is also discussed. The performance of this data processing strategy will be demonstrated through case study examples of rapid static positioning and kinematic positioning. From four experiments carried out to date, the results indicate that rapid static positioning requires 1 minute of single frequency GPS/GLONASS data for 100% positioning success rate. The single epoch positioning solution for kinematic positioning can achieve 94.6% success rate over short baselines (<6 km).     

Combined GPS/GLONASS data processing

To obtain the GLONASS satellite position at an epoch other than reference time, the satellite's equation of motion has to be integrated with broadcasting ephemerides. The iterative detecting and repairing method of cycle slips based on triple difference residuals for combined GPS/GLONASS positioning and the iterative ambiguity resolution approach suitable for combined post processing positioning are discussed systematically. Experiments show that millimeter accuracy can be achieved in short baselines with a few hours' dual frequency or even single frequency GPS/GLONASS carrier phase observations, and the precision of dual frequency observations is distinctly higher than that of single frequency observations.     

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GPS/GLONASS组合单点定位在导航中的应用

讨论了GPS/GLONASS组合单点定位的数学模型和数学处理方法,分析了在GPS观测卫星数大于或小于4颗情况下组合单点定位的结果,实现了低精度要求下的导航定位.     

GPS/BDS/GLONASS多系统组合定位分析

可见卫星数是评价导航系统定位性能的一个重要指标,也是系统可用性的基本要求。均方根差(亦称中误差)是观测精度的数据标准。本文通过实验分析了不同环境下的多系统组合的可见星数以及中误差,进而研究了多系统组合在不同环境中的可用性及定位精度。实验结果表明:在相同环境下,系统组合的可用性大幅提高,精度高于单GPS系统的精度,其中GPS/BDS/GLONASS三系统组合测量精度最高,GPS/BDS组合精度次之,GPS/GLONASS组合精度略低于GPS/BDS组合。     

多系统卫星融合定位数据的稳定性和精度比较分析

论述GNSS多系统融合定位的数学模型、分析各项误差处理策略以及参数估计方法,基于日本东京海洋大学RTKLIB软件进行GPS、GLONASS、Galileo、BDS多系统融合定位试验,并分析其动/静态定位稳定性和精度。试验结果表明:GNSS多系统融合收敛时间与GPS单系统相比缩短30%~50%,定位精度与GPS单系统相比可以提高20%~50%。此外,在卫星高度截止角大于40°和不利观测环境条件下,单系统可见卫星数不足,从而导致无法进行连续定位,但多系统融合可视卫星可获得比较好的定位精度,在建筑物密集区、山区和卫星遮挡较为严重的恶劣条件下具有实际应用价值。