基于相位差分的GPS/GLONASS组合定位算法研究

针对短基线详细研究GPS/GLONASS组合定位函数模型,引入一种简单易行的模糊度求解方法以正确固定GLONASS模糊度,最后笔者自编软件实现基于相位差分的GPS/GLONASS高精度组合定位,并采用实际数据验证其正确性和有效性。结果表明：GPS/GLONASS组合系统优于单系统,采用相位观测值可获得高精度定位结果。     

GPS与GLONASS多频组合伪距单点定位精度分析

以国内跟踪站实测数据为基础,详细分析了不同高度角情况下GPS/GLONASS多频组合伪距单点定位精度.经研究发现,双系统组合较单系统能有效改善随高度角增加卫星可见数、PDOP值、解算历元数以及定位精度变差的情况,可提高观测环境较差情况下的定位精度.     

GNSS多系统组合PPP解算方法与成果分析

研究GPS、GLONASS和BDS三系统组合精密单点定位（PPP）,包括函数模型、对流层延迟参数和差分码偏差(DCB)参数的解算方法。利用C++语言编制3系统组合PPP程序,分析MEGX网12个连续跟踪站1周观测数据,结果表明,无电离层组合模型和非组合模型的收敛速度和定位精度相当,同一测站在不同时间的收敛速度无明显差异,但非组合模型采用先验电离层信息约束可提高定位的收敛速度。多系统组合定位能改善PDOP值,提高收敛速度和定位精度;3系统组合PPP的水平坐标精度约3 cm,高程精度约5 cm,优于3个系统单独定位或2个系统组合定位的精度;当卫星遮挡较大时,多系统PPP结果较单系统更为稳定。     

多系统GNSS融合精密单点定位模糊度固定方法分析

分析各分析中心提供的精密单点定位模糊度固定产品及其对应方法,结合观测数据进行多系统模糊度固定解算实验。结果表明,各分析中心提供的产品卫星轨道具有高度吻合性,提供了较高精度精密单点定位的基准;多系统GNSS融合可以加快模糊度固定,提高模糊度初始固定时的定位精度。     

GLONASS的现状与发展

本文在扼要叙述GLONASS发展状况的基础上,分析比较了GLONASS与GPS各自的优缺点,给出了两个系统的坐标及时间的转换关系。最后列出了目前GLONASS接收机的生产厂商状况,仅供读者参考。     

GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位研究

与模糊度为浮点解的精密单点定位（precise point positioning,PPP）相比,PPP模糊度固定技术具有更快的收敛速度和更好的定位精度。但当GPS卫星数目少或几何构形不好时,需要较长时间实现GPS PPP模糊度的首次固定,通过加入GLONASS卫星可以有效缩短首次固定时间。推导了基于整数相位钟法的GPS/GLONASS组合PPP模型并进行了大量实验解算。40组静态模拟动态实验表明,GPS PPP模糊度首次固定平均需要50.2 min,但在GLONASS辅助下只需25.7 min,减少了48.8%,而且定位精度也有提高。车载动态实验表明,由于受观测条件限制,GPS PPP模糊度难以固定,但在GLONASS辅助下仍能实现GPS PPP模糊度固定。     

GLONASS卫星轨道积分算法分析

推导了利用四阶龙格-库塔方法对GLONASS卫星运动方程进行轨道积分的计算公式,根据实际数据处理结果对积分区间、积分步长作了一定分析,在对定步长积分方法和变步长积分方法分别进行介绍的基础上,对两者的结果作了比较。     

GLONASS卫星位置计算与程序实现

针对导航GPS/GLONASS导航数据处理的需要,分析了GLONASS广播星历、地固坐标系PZ-90下卫星加速度简略公式,推导了利用定步长四阶龙贝格-库塔对轨道进行积分的计算公式,提出一种新的不需要进行轨道拟合的编程实现方法,该方法具有结构简单、运算快的特点,最后根据实际计算结果对积分区间、积分步长与积分坐标精度之间的关系进行分析,给出了实际积分计算合适的步长.     

Combined GPS/GLONASS data processing

To obtain the GLONASS satellite position at an epoch other than reference time, the satellite's equation of motion has to be integrated with broadcasting ephemerides. The iterative detecting and repairing method of cycle slips based on triple difference residuals for combined GPS/GLONASS positioning and the iterative ambiguity resolution approach suitable for combined post processing positioning are discussed systematically. Experiments show that millimeter accuracy can be achieved in short baselines with a few hours' dual frequency or even single frequency GPS/GLONASS carrier phase observations, and the precision of dual frequency observations is distinctly higher than that of single frequency observations.     

Performance analysis of integrated GPS/GLONASS carrier phase-based positioning

Due to the different signal frequencies for the GLONASS satellites, the commonly-used double-differencing procedure for carrier phase data processing can not be implemented in its straightforward form, as in the case of GPS. In this paper a novel data processing strategy, involving a three-step procedure, for integrated GPS/GLONASS positioning is proposed. The first is pseudo-range-based positioning, that uses double-differenced (DD) GPS pseudo-range and single-differenced (SD) GLONASS pseudo-range measurements to derive the initial position and receiver clock bias. The second is forming DD measurements (expressed in cycles) in order to estimate the ambiguities, by using the receiver clock bias estimated in the above step. The third is to form DD measurements (expressed in metric units) with the unknown SD integer ambiguity for the GLONASS reference satellite as the only parameter (which is constant before a cycle slip occurs for this satellite). A real-time stochastic model estimated by residual series over previous epochs is proposed for integrated GPS/GLONASS carrier phase and pseudo-range data processing. Other associated issues, such as cycle slip detection, validation criteria and adaptive procedure(s) for ambiguity resolution, is also discussed. The performance of this data processing strategy will be demonstrated through case study examples of rapid static positioning and kinematic positioning. From four experiments carried out to date, the results indicate that rapid static positioning requires 1 minute of single frequency GPS/GLONASS data for 100% positioning success rate. The single epoch positioning solution for kinematic positioning can achieve 94.6% success rate over short baselines (<6 km).