COMBINED GPS/GLONASS PRECISE POSITIONING FOR LONG-DISTANCE BASELINES

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED GPS/GLONASS CARRIER PHASE-BASED POSITIONING

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Sensitivity of GPS and GLONASS orbits with respect to resonant geopotential parameters

The Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) has been involved in the processing of combined GPS/GLONASS data during the International GLONASS Experiment (IGEX). The resulting precise orbits were analyzed using the program SORBDT. Introducing one satellites positions as pseudo-observations, the program is capable of fitting orbital arcs through these positions using an orbit improvement procedure based on the numerical integration of the satellites orbit and its partial derivative with respect to the orbit parameters. For this study, the program was enhanced to estimate selected parameters of the Earths gravity field. The orbital periods of the GPS satellites are —in contrast to those of the GLONASS satellites – 2:1 commensurable (P _Sid:P _GPS) with the rotation period of the Earth. Therefore, resonance effects of the satellite motion with terms of the geopotential occur and they influence the estimation of these parameters. A sensitivity study of the GPS and GLONASS orbits with respect to the geopotential coefficients reveals that the correlations between different geopotential coefficients and the correlations of geopotential coefficients with other orbit parameters, in particular with solar radiation pressure parameters, are the crucial issues in this context. The estimation of the resonant geopotential terms is, in the case of GPS, hindered by correlations with the simultaneously estimated radiation pressure parameters. In the GLONASS case, arc lengths of several days allow the decorrelation of the two parameter types. The formal errors of the estimates based on the GLONASS orbits are a factor of 5 to 10 smaller for all resonant terms. AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank all the organizations involved in the IGS and the IGEX campaign, in particular those operating an IGS or IGEX observation site and providing the indispensable data for precise orbit determination.     

GLONASS卫星位置的动力学改进算法

为了减弱由于广播星历拟合引起的误差,本文提出了一种基于动力学轨道改进的GLONASS卫星位置算法。该算法仅采用GLONASS广播星历信息就能够提高GLONASS卫星位置坐标的计算精度。算例表明,该方法能够有效减弱GLONASS卫星广播星历的拟合误差,卫星位置的精度损失从0.5m降到mm级;外推2-3h,精度损失也仅在cm级水平。     

导航卫星天线相位中心误差标定方法研究现状及发展趋势

卫星天线相位中心误差是影响GNSS高精度定位定轨的重要误差源,实用中需要对其精确标定。随着北斗卫星导航系统的建设发展,如何对卫星天线相位中心误差进行更为精确的标定应引起人们的重视。为此,本文首先简要介绍了各卫星导航系统的卫星天线情况,而后系统总结了导航卫星天线相位中心误差标定方法的发展历程和研究现状,指出了未来卫星天线相位中心误差标定方法的发展趋势,相关研究成果对我国北斗卫星天线相位中心误差的标定方法研究具有参考意义。     

BDS/GPS/GLONASS RTK定位算法研究

实现了BDS/GPS/GLONASS三系统组合RTK定位算法,介绍了BDS/GPS/GLONASS三系统组合RTK数学模型,解决了多模融合导航定位时空基准统一问题,并针对附加模糊度参数的卡尔曼滤波函数模型,提出了一种确定实时动态定位中卡尔曼滤波参数的方法。编制了BDS/GPS/GLONASS RTK定位程序,并对28 m超短基线及31 km短基线实测数据进行了解算。对比分析了BDS、GPS、GLONASS、BDS/GPS、BDS/GLONASS、GPS/GLONASS、BDS/GPS/GLONASS七种模式下的定位结果。     

BeiDou、Galileo、GLONASS、GPS多系统融合精密单点

随着中国BeiDou系统与欧盟Galileo系统的出现以及俄罗斯GLONASS系统的恢复完善,过去单一的GPS导航卫星系统时代已经逐步过渡为多系统并存且相互兼容的全球性卫星导航系统(multi-constellation global navigation satellite systems,multi-GNSS)时代,多系统GNSS融合精密定位将成为未来GNSS精密定位技术的发展趋势。本文采用GPS、GLONASS、BeiDou、Galileo 4大卫星导航定位系统融合的精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)实测数据,初步研究并分析了4系统融合PPP的定位性能。试验结果表明:在单系统观测几何构型不理想的区域,多系统融合能显著提高PPP的定位精度和收敛速度。4大系统融合的PPP收敛速度相对于单GNSS可提高30%~50%,定位精度可提高10%~30%,特别是对高程方向的贡献更为明显。此外,在卫星截止高度角大于30°的观测环境下,单系统由于可见卫星数不足导致无法连续定位,而多系统融合仍然可以获得PPP定位结果,尤其是水平方向具有较高的定位精度。这对于山区、城市以及遮挡严重的区域具有非常重要的应用价值。     

Helmert验后方差估计在GPS/GLONASS组合单点定位中的应用

在给出组合GPS/GLONASS单点定位原理后,提出了利用Helmert验后方差估计法对GPS/GLONASS观测值定权的方法,并结合应用实例,通过对比分析说明该方法的可行性,实践表明该方法定权比采用固定权或经验定权更具有合理性。     

GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位研究

天空中导航卫星的可见数不断增加对整周模糊度的解算带来了有利的影响,极大改善了GNSS单历元单频RTK定位的精度和可靠性。针对GLONASS/BDS组合定位时的时空基准统一问题进行了分析;并针对GLONASS信号频分多址的特点,对GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位的数学模型进行了研究;最后通过实测数据对模型可行性进行了验证。结果表明,GLONASS/BDS单历元单频RTK定位是可行的,并且在北向上的定位精度要优于BDS单历元双频RTK定位。     

GPS／GLoNASS组合定位的抗差Helmert方差分量估计模型

GPS和GLONASS存在系统差异,组合定位时,采用Helmert方差分量估计可得到更加准确的结果。但GNSS观测值常受到衍射信号和多路径效应的影响,使观测值存有粗差,从而导致Helmert方差分量估计的失真。为此,将抗差Helmert方差分量估计应用于GPS／GLONASS组合单点定位,实验结果表明：抗差Helmert方差分量估计可以有效地抑制组合系统粗差观测值的影响。