Méthodologie de l'extraction des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Application à des sédiments de la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie)Methodology of extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Application to sediment from the Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia)

The marine environment is very complex, with several important chemical, biological, and sedimentological interactions. Sediments constitute a reservoir for numerous pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are known by their mutagenic and/or carcinogenic effect. This study evaluates contamination levels in Bizerte Lagoon with respect to PAHs. The extraction efficiency of PAHs from sediment has been evaluated using Soxhlet or ultrasonic procedures, based on the recovery of an internal standard (9,10-dihydroanthracene). Several PAHs were found, including sixteen that are reported in the priority list of pollutants of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). PAHs analysis was carried out by GC–FID and GC–MS for 16 samples sampled in two seasons: summer and winter. Results permit an assessment of PAHs pollution in the Bizerte Lagoon. To cite this article: N. Mzoughi et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 893–901.     

Sorption of ortho‐Phenylphenol to Soils

Conflicting sorption coefficients for ortho‐phenylphenol (OPP) have been reported in the literatures, which resulted in the conflicting assessments on OPP mobility in soil. To ascertain the sorption coefficient of OPP, batch experiments were performed based on OECD guideline 106, using three types of soils. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and GC‐MS were applied to the determination of OPP concentration in the liquid phase. The sorption isotherms obtained for all three soils under equilibrium conditions were described well, assuming linear sorption. The organic carbon normalized distribution coefficients (K_oc) ranged from 894 to 1703 L kg^?1, which suggested that OPP is moderately mobile in soil. The results also showed that the K_oc value of OPP can be predicted precisely from K_ow, whereas it was underestimated by one order of magnitude when water solubility is used.     

The 1974 spill of the Bouchard 65 oil barge: petroleum hydrocarbons persist in Winsor Cove salt marsh sediments

Petroleum hydrocarbons persist in salt marsh sediments in Winsor Cove (Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts) impacted from the 1974 spill of No. 2 fuel oil by the barge Bouchard 65. Intertidal sediment cores were collected from 2001 to 2005 and analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). TPHs content was greatest (as high as 8.7 mg g(-1) dry weight) in the surface sediments and decreased with distance landward. Select samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with values as high as 16.7 microg g(-1) for total naphthalenes and phenanthrenes/anthracenes. These remaining PAHs are mainly C(4)-naphthalenes and C(1)-, C(2)-, and C(3)-phenanthrenes/anthracenes revealing preferential loss of almost all of the naphthalenes and the parent compound phenanthrene. Inspection of the data indicates that biodegradation, water-washing and evaporation were major removal processes for many of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the marsh sediments. In addition, historical data and photographs combined with their recent counterparts indicate that erosion has physically removed these contaminants from this site.     

Estimation of Organic Pesticide Residues in Wines of Moldova

This paper presents the study of pesticide residues in Moldovan wine products originating from traditional agriculture because the appreciation of these compounds is an important aspect of food safety. During 2007–2010, about 3000 analyses of wine samples using GC‐MS were investigated. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), i.e., α‐, β‐, γ‐HCH, aldrine, and heptachlor were not found in any of the samples. Insignificant quantities of metalaxyl and mefenoxam were found in some wine samples. The missing of POPs in wine products represents an important quality feature. The study showed that if growers comply with rules of phytosanitary treatments and the waiting period is respected, the content of pesticide residues can be reduced to safe limits. Also, the list of approved pesticides must be regularly revised, taking into account the degree of toxicity. Additionally, growers are to be constantly informed about effectuated changes.     

金藻中EPA的分离与分析

为建立金灌Isocrysis galbana中EPA的分离与分析方法，对金灌中的脂肪酸进行萃取分离和乙酯化，硅胶薄板检验乙酯化程度，利用气相色谱（GC）进行定性分析，用内标法对EPA进行定量分析，测得藻粉中EPA含量为1．92％。     

固定污染源无组织排放二甲基甲酰胺的监测研究

对固定源无组织排放的二甲基甲酰胺的监测方法进行了探讨研究。利用已有车间空气中二甲基甲酰胺的检验方法，采用适当延长采样时间，改进色谱分析条件，使方法检测下限降低，以用于环境空气样品监测。当采样体积为50L时，最低检出浓度为0．01mg／m^3，可较好地满足环境影响评价工作需要；通过列举监测实例，分析如何选择适宜的监测条件，确保捕捉厂界最高浓度监测值，以获得满意的监测结果。     

Nachweis von Industriechemikalien (HPS,BPS und SPS) im Oberflächenwasser

Occurrence of Industrial Chemicals (HPS, BPS, and SPS) in Surface Water The paper gives the results of water examinations for different phenylsulfonamides. Random samples taken every month between May 1999 and August 2000 from surface water out of the river Rhine (kilometer 838), the river Ruhr (Mülheim Styrum) and the river Emscher (Oberhausen center) were tested for the corrosion inhibiting agent 6‐[methyl(phenylsulfonyl)amino]‐hexanoic acid (HPS) as well as its metabolites 4‐[methyl‐(phenylsulfonyl)amino]‐butanoic acid (BPS) and sarkosin‐N‐(phenylsulfonyl) (SPS). Furthermore, the sewage plant effluents of two municipal wastewater treatment plants from the rural area were also included in the monitoring program. The analytical method includes solid‐phase extraction (SPE), a derivatization step as well as gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). SPS is regularly found in all investigated surface waters, but only occasionally in the effluents of the two rural sewage plants. The median values for SPS amount to 0.09 μg/L in the river Rhine, 0.60 μg/L in the river Ruhr, and 0.70 μg/L in the river Emscher. BPS can only be found in the river Ruhr (median value: 0.08 μg/L) and in the river Emscher (median value: 0.41 μg/L). HPS was regularly found in a surface water for the first time. This substance can be detected in the Emscher through the whole measurement period. The median value for HPS amounts to 1.78 μg/L. Aditionally, the validation characteristics of an alternative analytical method including solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) is worked out. The fully automated process includes an on‐fiber methylation step and the GC‐MS. The repeatability standard deviation of the process amounts to RSD < 12%. Detection limits between 0.07 and 0.70 μg/L are achieved.     

柄海鞘Styela clava中的甾醇化合物的分离和鉴定

应用GC-MS技术从青岛海域产柄海鞘Styela clava中分离鉴定出5种甾醇化合物,分别是(22Z)-26,27-二降-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(1),胆甾-5,22-二稀-3β-醇(2),胆甾醇(3),胆甾烷醇(4),(22E)-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)。     

估算天然气成熟度的新指标--金刚烷指标

采用天然气重烃富集及MID/GC/MS分析技术,从天然气中检测出单、双金刚烷类化合物。根据琼东南盆地生油岩中金刚烷指标 (Ⅱ )与镜煤反射率 (Ro)的实测值,结合应用塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地的上述实测数据点,建立了双金刚烷指标与镜煤反射率 (Ro)数值对应关系。根据这种关系成功地确定和研究了莺-琼盆地三个构造天然气的成熟度。研究成果不仅提供了检测天然气中金刚烷类化合物的方法,扩大了金刚烷类化合物的应用范围,而且表明金刚烷类化合物是研究天然气成熟度的一个有效指标     

坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)丝状孢子体EST的获取及其生物信息学分析

采用改进的一步法提取坛紫菜丝状孢子体的总RNA,构建了坛紫菜丝状孢子体的cDNA文库,对测序得到的EST进行分析并与条斑紫菜的EST相比较。结果表明,cDNA文库共包含2.5×105个克隆,测序得到490个EST,其中275个与已知功能基因同源,占56.1%,260个EST与已知的条斑紫菜EST同源,占53.0%。使用GO(Gene Ontology)分类方法对275个EST进行分类,其中226个可归属于细胞组分(Cellular component)、分子功能(Molecular function)和生物学过程(Biological process)三个大类,而其余49个则为未知功能的EST。挑选出与条斑紫菜同源性高的28个EST,这些EST所包括的密码子数为3221个,发现密码子第三位的平均GC含量远高于第一位的平均GC含量和第二位的平均GC含量。统计坛紫菜丝状孢子体3221个密码子的使用频率,发现同义密码子第三位碱基偏好使用G或C。