Tracing Lithosphere Evolution through the Analysis of Heterogeneous G9-G10 Garnets in Peridotite Xenoliths, II: REE Chemistry

Following previous publication of major–minor elementdata, this paper presents rare earth element (REE) data forheterogeneous (chemically zoned) garnets belonging to the peridotitesuite of mantle xenoliths from the Jagersfontein kimberlitepipe, South Africa. The rim compositions of the garnets in thehighest temperature–pressure (deepest) deformed peridotitesshow a typical megacryst-like pattern, of very low light REE(LREE) increasing through the middle REE (MREE) to a plateauof heavy REE (HREE) at c. 20 times chondrite; these compositionswould be in equilibrium with small-volume melts of the mid-oceanridge basalt (MORB) source (asthenosphere). With decreasingdepth the garnet rims show increasing LREE and decreasing HREE,eventually resulting in humped relative abundance patterns.A set of compositions is calculated for melts that would bein equilibrium with the garnet rims at different depths. Theseshow decreasing relative abundance of each REE from La to Lu,and the La/Lu ratio of the melts increases with decreasing depthof formation. Modelling of the effects of crystal fractionationshows that this process could largely generate the sequenceof garnet rim and melt compositions found with decreasing depth,including the humped REE patterns in high-level garnets. Consideringthe behaviour of major–minor elements as well as REE,a process of percolative fractional crystallization is advocatedin which megacryst source melts percolate upwards through peridotitesand undergo fractionation in conjunction with exchange withthe peridotite minerals. The initial megacryst melt probablyincludes melt of lithospheric origin as well as melt from theMORB source, and it is suggested that the process of percolativefractional crystallization may form a variety of metasomaticand kimberlitic melts from initial megacryst melts. Repeatedmetasomatism of the lower lithosphere by such differentiatingmelts is suggested by consideration of garnet core compositions.Such metasomatism would progressively convert harzburgites tolherzolites by increasing their CaO content, and this may accountfor the fact that the Cr-rich diamond–garnet harzburgiteparagenesis is commonly preserved only where it has been encapsulatedin diamonds. KEY WORDS: cratonic lithosphere; garnet zoning; mantle xenoliths; megacryst magma; metasomatic melt     

《四川、甘肃、陕西部分地区地震动参数区划图》编制

为了满足四川汶川8级特大地震灾后恢复重建工作的迫切需要,编制了汶川地震灾区地震动参数区划图。该区划图是对全国地震区划图的局部修订,重点根据震后初步的发震构造现场调查获得的新资料,以及震后对龙门山断裂带地震构造条件的新的认识,对潜在震源区划分方案及其地震活动性参数进行了重点调整和修订,并据此对灾区地震动参数进行了计算,完成地震动参数区划。本文简要介绍了区划图编制的情况及其重要结果。     

山东黄河北煤田岩浆岩特征及其对煤层煤质的影响

论述了山东省黄河北煤田岩浆岩特性特征、空间分布特点及其对煤层煤质的影响。认为三层岩浆岩是由不同时期从两个方向侵入到本区的,对煤层煤质都有不同程度的影响,形成煤的变质分带。     

碳酸盐岩早期风化成土作用的证据

对坝陵河悬索大桥西锚碇勘探斜硐100m 深度范围内石灰岩体的风化情况进行了野外调查、斜硐编录,取粘土样进行物理性质及X— 射线衍射分析并与作者以往的研究成果对比研究,在此基础上进行了碳酸盐岩体的风化分带,建立了分带标志。研究认为岩体中所含的粘土夹层,系地下水对石灰岩溶蚀— 交代作用的产物,它代表着碳酸盐岩早期阶段风化成土情况。这一研究成果,进一步充实和完善了作者所提出的碳酸盐岩溶蚀— 交代成土理论和学说。      

云南澜沧地区南角河银多金属矿床的地质特征及成因

南角河银多金属矿是在地质调查过程中发现并评价的一个具有大型找矿远景的矿床。矿床产于临沧-勐海复式花岗岩基南段西侧与新元古界澜沧群变质岩的接触断裂破碎带(白章断裂)中,矿体呈脉状,形态单一。同位素及成矿流体分析结果表明,成矿物质主要来源于花岗岩和澜沧群地层,成矿流体以大气降水下渗加热上升回返并混合少量岩浆热液为特征,以花岗岩和澜沧群变质岩为矿源层,以断裂破碎带为赋存空间,为具有明显垂向分带特征的低温热液矿床。     

我国主体功能区划的有关理论探讨

总结了当前国内关于主体功能区划的理论研究、与主题规划的区别及联系、区划的空间尺度效应、国外经验借鉴、区划的方法论等基本问题所取得的最新进展,指出了当前研究的薄弱环节和重点攻破方向.研究认为,区域发展的空间结构理论和人地关系地域系统理论是主体功能区划的核心理论基础,空间均衡模型是该理论基础最为直接的应用,重点深刻解析了空间尺度效应和区域功能属性对于主体功能区划指标因子体系的构建、指标间的优化组合所带来的影响,加强GIS的空间叠置和聚类等空间分析技术在主体功能区划中的应用,可以较好地解决空间尺度与区域功能属性之间的矛盾为区域功能区的定位所带来的影响.     

喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带伟晶岩的富铍成矿特点及向更高处找锂

喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩作为新识别的稀有金属成矿区带,已发现以Be-Nb-Ta(Sn-W)组合为主矿化且已形成大型矿床,如错那洞,但仅在为数不多的几处伟晶岩见到锂辉石,尚未发现工业锂矿床。因此,有必要剖析该区伟晶岩成矿(尤其Be同Li的对比)特点、条件及可能潜力,并与国内其他稀有金属矿带进行对比分析,从而推动喜马拉雅伟晶岩稀有金属矿床尤其是锂矿的发现。该区伟晶岩母体淡色花岗岩与华南稀有金属矿化花岗岩类似,显示高的分异程度但较窄的演化区间,并且熔体具有高的Li浓度。在印亚大陆碰撞带复杂的构造-变质-深熔作用下产生了多期次的岩浆活动,尤其新喜马拉雅期巨量的岩浆可为伟晶岩的形成、远距离迁移分异及成矿提供有利的热和物质基础。基于含Li伟晶岩形成于"远"母体、"高"海拔的特点,提出区域构造层位的上部或更高海拔地区以及淡色花岗岩岩体外侧远端的围岩内将可能是含锂伟晶岩的就位空间与找矿重点地段。     

The partial equilibration of garnet porphyroblasts in pelitic schists and its control on prograde metamorphism,Glen Roy,Scotland

Garnet porphyroblasts in sillimanite‐bearing pelitic schists contain complex textural and compositional zoning, with considerable variation both within and between adjacent samples. The sillimanite‐bearing schists locally occur in regional Barrovian garnet zone assemblages and are indicative of a persistent lack of equilibrium during prograde metamorphism. Garnet in these Dalradian rocks from the Scottish Highlands preserves evidence of a range of metamorphic responses including initial growth and patchy coupled dissolution–reprecipitation followed by partial dissolution. Individual porphyroblasts each have a unique and variable response to prograde metamorphism and garnet with mainly flat compositional profiles co‐exists with those containing largely unmodified characteristic bell‐shaped Mn profiles. This highlights the need for caution in applying traditional interpretations of effective volume diffusion eliminating compositional variation. Cloudy garnet with abundant fluid inclusions is produced during incomplete modification of the initial porphyroblasts and these porous garnet are then particularly prone to partial replacement in sillimanite‐producing reactions. The modification of garnet via a dissolution–reprecipitation process releases Ca into the effective whole‐rock composition, displacing the pressure–temperature positions of subsequent isograd reactions. This represents the first report of internal metasomatism controlling reaction pathways. The behaviour of garnet highlights the importance of kinetic factors, especially deformation and fluids, in controlling reaction progress and how the resulting variability influences subsequent prograde history. The lack of a consistent metamorphic response, within and between adjacent schists, suggests that on both local and regional scales these rocks have largely not equilibrated at peak metamorphic conditions.     

河南嵩县小南沟金矿床矿体剥蚀深度评价

河南省嵩县小南沟金矿是产于熊耳群火山岩中的构造蚀变岩型矿床,矿化受控于近南北向断裂构造,工业矿体主要产于其中ＮＥ向的含矿断裂中。系统的矿床地质地球化学研究发现,矿体横剖面和纵剖面上的都存在明显的元素分带。纵投影剖面的地球化学反映出Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ和Ｗ等元素均形成向上开口的“Ｕ”形,含量上高下低,向深部晕的规模逐渐减小,强度减弱,垂向上具有尾晕的地球化学特点。与Ａｕ有关的元素