秋季东、黄海异养细菌(Heterotrophic Bacteria)的分布特点

2000年10-11月,乘"北斗号"考察船进行秋季"东、黄海生态系统动力学与生物资源可持续利用"大面调查,研究秋季东、黄海异养细菌的分布.结果表明,异养细菌在黄海和东海的丰度分别在(2.37-13.33)×108 cell/L和(3.05-13.62)×108 cell/L之间.细菌丰度最高值出现在长江口附近,且断面E和断面F各站位的细菌丰度明显高于其他断面.异养细菌丰度大小以长江口为中心向外海依次递减.东、黄海水体异养细菌生物量分别在244.45-1812.90mgC/m2和100.60-940.87mgC/m2之间.东、黄海异养细菌丰度无显著差异,但是东海海域水体异养细菌生物量高于黄海海域.异养细菌空间分布与浮游植物叶绿素在东海有一定的相关性,黄海异养细菌与硝酸盐浓度的相关性极显著.     

Geological Characteristics and Distribution of Submarine Physiographic Features in the Taiwan Region

The sea floor topography around Taiwan is characterized by the asymmetry of its shallow and flat shelves to the west and markedly deep troughs and basins to the south and east. Tectonics and sedimentation are major controls in forming the submarine physiographic features around Taiwan. Three Pliocene-Quaternary shelves are distributed north and west of Taiwan: East China Sea Shelf (passive margin shelf), the Taiwan Strait Shelf (foreland shelf), and Kaoping Shelf (island shelf) from north to south parallel to the strike of Taiwan orogen. Off northeastern Taiwan major morpho/tectonic features associated with plate subduction include E-W trending Ryukyu Trench, Yaeyama accretionary wedge, forearc basins, the Ryukyu Arcs, and the backarc basin of southern Okinawa Trough. Off eastern Taiwan lies the deep Huatung Basin on the Philippine Sea plate with a relatively flat floor, although several large submarine canyons are eroding and crossing the basin floor. Off southeastern Taiwan, the forearc region of the Luzon Arc has been deformed into five alternating N-S trending ridges and troughs during initial arc-continent collision. Among them, the submarine Hengchun Ridge is the seaward continuation of the Hengchun peninsula in southern Taiwan. Off southwestern Taiwan, the broad Kaoping Slope is the major submarine topographic feature with several noticeable submarine canyons. The Penghu Canyon separates this slope from the South China Sea Slope to the west and merges southwards into the Manila Trench in the northern South China Sea. Although most of sea floors of the Taiwan Strait are shallower than 60 m in water depth, there are three noticeable bathymetric lows and two highs in the Taiwan Strait. There exists a close relationship between hydrography and topography in the Taiwan Strait. The circulation of currents in the Taiwan Strait is strongly influenced by seasonal monsoon and semidiurnal tides. The Penghu Channel-Yunchang Ridge can be considered a modern tidal depositional system. The Taiwan Strait shelf has two phases of development. The early phase of the rift margin has developed during Paleoocene-Miocene and it has evolved to the foreland basin in Pliocene-Quaternary time. The present shelf morphology results mainly from combined effects of foreland subsidence and modern sedimentation overprinting that of the Late Pleistocene glaciation about 15,000 years ago.     

Wave Decay and Its Characteristics in Surf Zone

In accordance with the similarity between breaking waves and hydraulic jumps, the expressions for estimating wave decay and wave energy dissipation in the surf zone are derived based on the fundamental equations of fluid mechanics. Using the numerical solution of cnoidal wave theory, the various kinematic properties of waves in the surf zone, including the relative wave crest height, wave energy, and radiation stress are discussed. The values calculated with the method proposed in this paper are in good agreement with the experimental data gained by other researchers. The present expressions can be used in the studies of sediment transport on gently sloping beaches, especially on muddy beaches.     

鹧鸪菜组织和细胞培养的研究Ⅳ.藻体任意碎片的培养与损伤藻体再生的观察

把鹧鸪菜藻体切成大小不同的切段、以及任意切碎,培养于添加氮、磷素的消毒海水中,后者分10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃四种不同温度条件培养,结果全部切段、切碎片都很快再生出假根附着于基质,并再生出一至多个叶状体;叶状体长大后从基部长出新的假根成为完整的幼苗(再生苗)。试验表明,大的切段其再生苗生长快、长度大,但出苗率(一定长度的藻体长出再生苗数量)低。培养温度较高时(20—25℃),藻体任意切碎片再生速度快、附着速度快、数量多且较牢固。利用藻体切碎片来培养鹧鸪菜幼苗是可行的;培养的适宜温度为20℃以上、海水比重为1.010左右。本文还对鹧鸪菜损伤藻体再生的情况(繁殖生殖学)进行一些观察和描述。     

气溶胶光学厚度的时空变化

在大气中气溶胶微粒是一种重要的大气微量成分。气溶胶光学厚度也是大气校正所需的重要大气参数，同时也是海洋水色卫星主要的数据产品。由于气溶胶光学厚度的时空变化较大，所以如何准确获取大气校正和卫星数据产品真实性检验所需的气溶胶光学厚度则是至关重要的。在简述气溶胶光学性质的基础上，并结合2002年6月HY—1南海实验数据来阐述现场气溶胶光学厚度的准确获取。     

珠江口及附近海域夏季氮的化学形式分布研究

根据1998年夏季对珠江河口及附近海域的水质调查，研究了氮的各种化学形式的空间分布特征、相关系数和环境条件的影响。结果表明：珠江河口中，无机氮含量很高，占总氮的85％；而硝酸氮占无机氮的95％，NO2^--N和NH4^ -N含量很低。在外海，则以有机氮为主，占总氮的80％。NH4^ -N和NO2^--N在伶仃洋河口中部出现最大值，在外海的值最小；其它形式的氮从伶仃洋内河口到外海，其浓度都逐渐降低。NO3^--N是各种形式氮中的主要因素，它与各形式氮之间具有良好的相关性；NH4^ -N和NO2^--N与其它形式氮之间的相关性都很差，而其余各种形式氮之间都有较好的相关性。涨潮时不利于污染物的扩散；与小潮相比，大潮时伶仃洋河口中部表层氮的浓度偏高。     

台湾海峡西岸第四纪沉积层中的老红砂

本文对采自福建沿海的老红砂作了粒度分析、矿物鉴定和石英电镜扫描。结果表明,组成老红砂的成分主要为中细砂,砂含量大于70%,粘土和粉砂含量较少。概率累积曲线多为跳跃、悬浮两段式,其次为滚动、跳跃、悬浮三段式。轻矿物以石英为主,长石含量居次。含量较高的重矿物有磁铁矿、钛铁矿、白钛石,其次有锆石、赤铁矿、褐铁矿、电气石、绿帘石等。文章对老红砂的成因提出一些粗浅的看法。     

浙江省海岸侵蚀及防治概述

浙江海岸侵蚀现象普遍存在。基岩海岸海蚀地貌发育,因其组成物质抗冲蚀能力强,岸线后退不明显;砂砾质海岸普遍发生侵蚀,尤其是无计划的人工挖沙,造成沙滩减小或消失;淤泥质海岸大多处于缓慢的淤涨状态,但由于自然条件的改变和人为作用的影响,某些岸段发生侵蚀,特别是受到台风暴潮的影响,岸线在短时间内出现大规模后退和滩面下蚀。侵蚀岸段主要见于杭州湾北岸澉浦至金丝娘桥岸段,杭州湾南岸临山至西三岸段及瓯江口北岸盘石至黄华岸段。淤泥质海岸后缘为滨海平原,组成物质为粘土质粉砂,抗冲蚀能力弱,为防止和减轻海岸侵蚀,沿岸建造各类海岸工程(海塘、丁坝、导堤等),提高防潮抗浪能力,在朝滩种植大米草,互花米草,消浪促淤明显。另外,在海岸开发活动中,应加强海岸侵蚀监测和综合管理。     

高校图书馆自动化的可行途径——兼论公用系统支持的图书馆自动化

提出由公用计算机系统支撑的大学图书馆自动化系统模型。以一个假想系统LASO(青岛海洋大学未来的图书馆自动化系统 为例。阐述该模型的可行性。     

台湾海峡中北部夏季溶解氧饱和度分布与上升流的关系

本文据台湾海峡中北部1983年5月至1984年5月、1987年7,8月和1988年5～7月调查资料,讨论了该海域夏季溶解氧饱和度分布特征及其与上升流的关系,结果表明该海区夏季上升流的中心位置经常出现于海坛岛北侧至湄洲岛一带海域,西南季风是该区上升流产生的主要动力因子,该区上升流平均流速为4.4×10~(-3)cm/s。