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51.
Tamara L. Whited 《GeoJournal》2000,51(3):263-270
In 19th-century France, concepts of alpine degradation formed the basis of ambitious state policies to reforest the Alps, Pyrenees, and Massif Central. Responding to the reality of large-scale flooding and to assumptions about the destructiveness of agro-pastoralism, both the Second-Empire and early Third-Republic regimes formulated legislation allowing for both voluntary and mandatory alpine reforestation projects. The latter regime's law of 1882 on the restoration and conservation of alpine lands was more conciliatory toward alpine agro-pastoralists; however, two case studies demonstrate that foresters attempted to overstep the limits of this more restrictive law. These actions conduced to rural protest which stymied the reforestation schemes. Although foresters could claim victory following the amended reforestation law of 1913, reduced budgets and a reduced forestry corps after World War One prevented its full implementation. Ultimately, geographers and some foresters revised scientific thinking about the history of deforestation, alpine ecology, and the place of humans in the mountains. 相似文献
52.
法国旅游办公室在法国旅游业发展中发挥了非常重要的作用,为当地和全国旅游业创造的附加价值为举国公认。鉴手我国旅游发展中存在的一些问题,我们可以从法国旅游办公室管理体制得到对我国旅游业发展的多方面启示。主要包括:强化行业组织及行业协会的力量;优化旅游管理机构的组织架构;健全旅游市场信息网络系统,提高旅游信息利用率;建立我国的旅游服务办公室体系。 相似文献
53.
《The Professional geographer》1988,40(3):347-378
Books reviewed in this article: The Mexican Colonial Copper Industry. Elinore M. Barrett . The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society . James R. Beniger . Land Degradation and Society . Piers M. Blaikie And Harold C. Brookfield , Eds . La carte, mode d'emploi. Roger Brunet . France: les dynamiques du territoire . Roger Brunet AND Jacques Sallois , EDS. At the Crossroads—The Mineral Problems of the United States . Eugene N. Cameron . A Census of One Billion People , Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census. Li Chengrui , ED. Les Milieux “Naturels” du Globe . Jean Demangeot . The Geophysiology of Amazonia: Vegetation and Climate Interactions : Robert E. Dickinson , ED. Tenn-Tom Country . James F. Doster And David C. Weaver . Family Farming in Europe and America . Boguslaw Galeski And Eugene Wilkening , EDS. The Geography of Urban Transportation . Susan Hanson , Ed. Combating Desertification in Developing Countries . J. K. Jain , ED. Cartography in France—1660–1848. Science, Engineering and Statecraft . Josef W. Konvitz . Distribution of Distances in Pregeographical Space . Hans Kuiper . Physical Geography Lab Manual: A New Experimental Approach . Neal G. Lineback And John M. Harlin . Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation , 2nd ed. Tom L. Mc Knight . The Desert Is No Lady: Southwestern Landscapes in Women's Writing and Art . Vera Norwood And Janice Monk , EDS. France: A Geographical, Social, and Economic Survey . Philippe Pinchemel , translated, by D. Elkins and T. H. Elkins. Gene Banks and the World's Food . Donald L. Plucknett , Nigel J. H. Smith , J. T. Williams , And N. Murthi Anishetty . Latin American Development: Geographical Perspectives . David Preston , Ed. Making Sense of Development: An Introduction to Classical and Contemporary Theories of Development and Their Application to Southeast Asia . P. W. Preston . The History of the Countryside. Oliver Rackham . The Third World in Perspective . H. A. Reitsma AND J. M. G. Kleinpenning . The Industrial Geography of Australia . David C. Rich . The Recruiting Game , 2nd Ed., revised. John F. Rooney , JR. A Cultural Geography of North American Indians . Thomas E. Ross AND Tyrel G. Moore , EDS. Eastern Europe . Dean S. Rugg . Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History . Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography: 7. Robert David Sack . Experimental Fluvial Geomorphology . Stanley A. Schumm , M. Paul Mosley , AND William E. Weaver . The New Urban Landscape . David Schuyler . Atlas of American Women . Barbara Gimla Shortridge . Impacts of Hazardous Technology: The Psycho-Social Effects of Restarting TMI-1 . John Sorensen , Jon Soderstrom , Emily Copenhaver , Sam Carnes AND Robert Bolin . Modern Physical Geography , 3rd Ed., (Third Edition). Arthur N. Strahler AND Alan H. Strahler . India: Economic Resource Base and Contemporary Political Patterns . B. L. Sukhwal . 相似文献
54.
In the United States, there is a growing awareness of the implications of our globalized food system, a system that incorporates all manner of agriculture, food distribution, food processing and transformation, and consumption. The ever increasing distance between where our food is produced and where it is consumed has helped spur a movement to develop a system of place based foods. Right now multiple models are in play, including farmers markets, community supported agriculture, and the localvore movement. This article will do a close examination of another model from France, the French system of appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC); nationally regulated by the French Ministry of Agriculture it supports and protects foods and drinks with unique links to particular territories. The AOC system is based on geographically distinct and historically specific food and drink found throughout France. By closely examining one AOC product—Comté cheese produced in the rural agricultural region in Jura—the authors consider the possibilities for an AOC-style system in the United States. 相似文献
55.
Mediterranean flash flood transfer through karstic area 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vincent Bailly-Comte Hervé Jourde Axel Roesch Séverin Pistre 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(3):605-614
Karstic aquifers influence flash floods propagation in Mediterranean countries. Near Montpellier, Southern France, discharge
data are recorded on the Coulazou River upstream and downstream of the Aumelas Causse. Two gauging stations are used to describe
the hydrodynamics of this binary karstic system. The first station characterizes the non-karstic catchment area. The second
one is representative of the karstic part of the watershed. Records since April 2004 are used to understand how the river
interacts with a karstic aquifer. Hydrograph analysis of three flash flood events is described. Corresponding discharge time
series recorded at the two gauging stations are used to describe the modification of the hydrographs by auto- and crosscorrelations
analyses. Finally, linear system analyses are used to provide the transfer functions of this binary karstic system according
to the three flood events characteristics (initial conditions, volume, spatial distribution of rainfall, etc.). Theses functions
summarize the hydrodynamic behaviour of the system: their shapes are indicative of the dynamics of the storage, the release
and the contribution to surface waters.
相似文献
Vincent Bailly-ComteEmail: |
56.
Franois Paul 《Atmospheric Research》2001,56(1-4)
The analysis of 304 French tornadoes shows that the most struck areas are the northwestern part of the country, the south and the east. Tornadoes occur mainly in spring and in summer; August is the month when the frequency is maximum. Tornadoes move mainly from southwest to northeast, except in the south where the direction is sometimes south to north. Thirty-six killer tornadoes were listed (12% of the cases); most of them with an intensity greater or equal to F3. The occurrence is approximately 15–20 tornadoes each year in France, and the annual risk probability of significant tornadoes in France is 0.66×10−5. This value is probably underestimated because all the tornadoes are not listed. 相似文献
57.
58.
Berriasella jacobi is a key ammonite taxon that has been widely used for the definition of the Tithonian/Berriasian boundary and has been widely quoted in the literature as the index species for the lowest zone of the Berriasian Stage. The taxonomic revision of B. jacobi shows that it should be excluded from the genus Berriasella and transferred to the genus Strambergella. Analysis of the literature has convinced us that most specimens illustrated as B. jacobi have been misidentified. New collection at Le Font de Saint Bertrand (Les Combes, Glandage, Drôme, France) shows us the type series corresponds to the microconch form of a dimorphic pair. New integrated data on its stratigraphic distribution causes us to question its value as an index species for the base of the Berriasian. 相似文献
59.
Ethnic neighborhoods and ethnic economies do not always involve a single nationality or ethnic group. Quite often several groups operate side by side in the neighborhood and within the establishments themselves. This can give rise to a modification of the ethnic economy concept. We discuss an example of such a multiethnic residential and business district in Paris, the Goutte d’Or, with particular attention to three shopping streets. Although somewhat distinct from one another, each of these streets is multiethnic in regard to the proprietors, employees, and customers, and this multiethnicity extends within the establishments themselves. The primary questions we ask in this article are, first, what the nature of this ethnic economy is and how it fits within the different types of ethnic economy. Beyond this, we demonstrate how the activities taking place here reflect separate circuits of activity at separate spatial scales and what this ethnic business activity suggests for immigrant incorporation in Paris and the nature of cross-ethnic relations. To answer these questions, we rely on observation, interviews with several merchants in defined commercial corridors, and some official statistical and political information gleaned from various government sources. This Parisian neighborhood exemplifies strategies of immigrant incorporation into French society. As such, it provides a possible new model of a multiethnic economy, one that might become a common fixture in increasingly diverse cities in the world. 相似文献
60.
Jean René Bertrand 《GeoJournal》2006,67(4):295-306
In France the distinction between the secular and religious domains is the result of a slow evolutionary process of secularization
over a period of two centuries. A key element was the law of separation between churches and State in 1905. Secularization
also produced a pluralistic socio-cultural system, which permits an increase in religious supply, issued from outside or inside
existent churches. The religious landscape became complex due to the growth of certain groups. Nowadays, efforts to regulate
Muslim communities are leading towards a new tendency of state control of religious activities in two fields, namely places
of worship and school activities. Religious plurality is recognized by the State in the name of the freedom of beliefs. Private
organizations are used for the public practice of religion and easily obtain places of worship. However, this has necessitated
a large number of regional or local arrangements. In the name of the freedom of thought, the school system of the Republic
is ensured by public schools, or by Catholic or Jewish schools, subject to strict public control. In this matter, there is
only minimal tolerance of other denominations.
相似文献
Jean René BertrandEmail: |