Vertical S waves in soil stratum over halfspace

An analytical model of a soil layer resting on a halfspace with vertically propagating shear waves is studied under a harmonic excitation on the surface. The soil is treated as a Kelvin-Voigt continuum, using the one-dimensional wave equation. The material parameters can be strain dependent. A hyperbolic model proposed by Hardin & Drnevich is used for describing the nonlinear stress-strain relationship. Based on this, a solution to a problem where thirty thousand people were jumping to the rhythm of rock music on the field in a stadium is given. The soil stratum is a 5–60m thick uniform soft high-plastic clay. The particle velocity was estimated to range from 22·5 mm/s to 45 mm/s in the first overtone. These velocity values exceeded the critical value, of 20 mm/s, of the German building code DIN 4150 which may explain the occurence of damages.     

利用遥感技术进行大熊猫栖息环境的调查研究

本文利用陆地卫星图像和航空像片判读,结合地面采样调查,对既能从遥感图像上提取又是影响大熊猫主食竹类生长的环境因子,建立多元回归的数学模型。根据多元回归求算各个地块的得分值,以评价主食竹类的立地质量等级。得出位于中高海拔东北向缓坡下部兼有针阔混交林覆盖的厚土层地段,是主食竹类的最适生长环境和大熊猫的最佳栖息环境。因此,利用遥感技术进行立地质量分类和编制大熊猫环境质量分布图,将对恢复和改善其栖息环境以及管理保护工作起到积极的作用。     

基于云GIS的遗址保护数据共享服务研究

遗址保护的多学科综合研究特征以及考古学的不可逆性、不确定性,使遗址数据的共享成为一项紧迫的工作。本文通过对遗址保护过程的分析及遗址保护相关单位的分类,提出了遗址数据"授权使用,分级共享;远程使用、保证安全;限时使用,有偿服务"的共享原则和集中管理的共享服务模式。结合当前云计算和大数据的发展趋势,研究提出了基于云计算平台的遗址保护数据共享平台总体框架,并对总体框架中的遗址考古公共服务云GIS平台进行功能设计,以石峁遗址为例,实现遗址数据资料在公共服务平台上的发布、展示、查询浏览及遗迹模拟展示。     

Scydmobisetia gen. nov., the first definite Glandulariini from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

The Glandulariini (=Cyrtoscydmini) includes about 60 genera comprising over 70% of the extant species of Scydmaeninae. This successful group is today very common and abundant in forests of all continents. However, while extinct representatives of much smaller extant tribes, as Clidicini, Eutheiini and Cephenniini, were described from Cretaceous deposits, named genera and species of Glandulariini were so far known only from much younger Baltic, Sicilian and Dominican ambers. Here we report the first genus and species of definite Glandulariini from the Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber, Scydmobisetia vetutissima Jałoszyński and Yamamoto, gen. and sp. nov. Scydmobisetia is the first known glandulariine beetle with a pair of very long vertexal sensilla chaetica, previously not found in this tribe, but common among unrelated Staphylinidae. The new genus shows similarities to the extant genera Anthicimimus, Sciacharis, Spinosciacharis and Horaeomorphus, but S. vetutissima has protibial modifications typical of males of some extant species of Euconnus. We discuss the apparent disproportion in the oldest fossil record of various tribes of scydmaenines as a result of identification problems, and not the lack of known fossils.     

Cretaceous amber inclusions of Spain and Myanmar demonstrate early diversification and wide dispersal of Cephenniitae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

The taxonomic status of previously misplaced species of an ant-like stone beetle from Spanish amber (Albian) is clarified. Specimens of Kachinus magnificus (originally placed as incertae sedis within Scydmaenitae) were re-examined and their characters were found different from those of the type species of Kachinus from Myanmar amber. Consequently, Archeutheia gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the Spanish species, resulting in Archeutheia magnifica comb. nov. Moreover, in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis Archeutheia was placed as a sister group to extant Eutheia, within the tribe Eutheiini of Cephenniitae. A specimen of an undetermined genus from Myanmar amber clearly belonging in Cephenniini is also recorded. Both taxa represent the first definite Cretaceous Cephenniitae, a supertribe whose recent members are distributed on all continents but are especially diverse in the Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. This finding demonstrates a diversification of two presently most species-rich tribes of Cephenniitae already in Early Cretaceous. Archeutheia is strikingly similar to the extant species of Eutheia and Veraphis, showing male dimorphic characters (modified protrochanters) and antennal cavities characteristic of Palaearctic Eutheiini. This fact suggests a long morphological stability in the supertribe. A previously proposed hypothesis of an early presence of the Cephenniitae in the Northern Hemisphere is for the first time supported by the fossil record, and the palaeolocalities (western Europe and Southeast Asia) demonstrate a wide distribution of Cephenniitae in the Cretaceous and an early split of its ancestral lineage.     

Distributional patterns of enchodontoid fishes in the Late Cretaceous

Enchodontoidei are extinct marine teleost fishes with a long temporal range and a wide geographic distribution. We propose here to apply Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE), Track Analysis and Brooks Parsimony Analysis (BPA) to analyze the distributional patterns of these fishes during the Late Cretaceous. Matrices were built according to their respective geological age in the Late Cretaceous. The occurrence data of enchodontoids produced consistent results for the Cenomanian, Turonian, and Santonian. The generalized track found for the Cenomanian (GT 1) can be associated to oceanic currents, whereas for the Turonian the generalized tracks (GT 2, GT 3 and GT 4) were associated with eutrophication/sedimentation effects. During the Santonian, the third Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE 3) promoted vicariant events that could explain the generalized track found therein (GT 5). The BPA recovered the area formed by Middle East and Europe, which is congruent with GT 1 and GT 5.     

Inflorescences of Mauldinia sp. (Lauraceae) and associated fruits from the Cenomanian of Languedoc Roussillon,France

Inflorescences of Mauldinia (Lauraceae) are described from the middle Cenomanian Pauletian facies of Gard, Languedoc-Roussillon, south-eastern France. This is the first record of the genus from this part of Europe. Mauldinia sp. is described based on peduncles and lateral units. Isolated, slender peduncles show spirally arranged scars or rarely attached lateral units. Isolated lateral units consist of cladode-like structures showing up to seven flower/fruit scars. Some isolated fruits were found associated with peduncles and lateral units. Fruits are ovoid fruits contain a single, elongated seed. The pericarp consists of epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. The seed consists of two cotyledons containing well-developed reserve cells. Mauldinia sp. from Gard differs from known Mauldinia species by having longer internodes along the peduncle and by the shape of the lateral units. Sedimentological and palaeontological evidence suggests that Mauldinia sp. from Gard grew in a protected, littoral environment with limited marine influence. This report provides new information to the relatively poorly known Cretaceous record of angiosperms in France. The occurrence of Mauldinia in the lower Upper Cretaceous of Gard corroborates the widespread occurrence of the genus in marginal littoral environments during the mid-Cretaceous.     

嫦娥三号着陆区月海玄武岩的年龄、成因及地质意义

月海玄武岩主要分布在月海中,由斜长石、辉石和橄榄石组成,与地球玄武岩相比,富铁而贫钠和钾。月海玄武岩的成因,年代和成分研究是理解月岩形成与演化的基础。月球返回的岩石样品数量和覆盖面积有限,并且CE-3号着陆区没有月球样品返回,所以地球上的实验室样品分析方法不能应用到CE-3号着陆区玄武岩研究。本文对CE-3号着陆区月表和下伏玄武岩的组分、来源、分布、年代和层序进行反演和分析。主要使用的研究方法主要包括:玄武岩单元的撞击坑频率-分布函数定年,基于撞击坑的月壤下伏玄武岩单元识别、划分及厚度反演,基于遥感数据的元素含量和矿物成分分析等。结果表明:(1)CE-3号着陆区至少出现了6次较大规模的岩浆充填事件,由新到老分别为EIm、EIm_1、EIm_2、Im、Im_1和Im_2,其中EIm单元年龄约为3.17Ga,Im单元年龄为3.48Ga;(2)研究区玄武岩单元铁元素成分变化不大,而钛元素含量有较大变化。并且玄武岩越年轻,铁和钛元素更加富集。对指示月表硅酸盐矿物的克里斯蒂安参数(CF)和弯曲指数(CI)进行计算,发现研究区没有高硅物质的分布;(3)研究区月海玄武岩充填活动具有多期次性,每期月海玄武岩的充填流动大体上保持由南向北方向,并且活动规模逐步减小;(4)下伏玄武岩单元EIm_1、EIm_2、Im、Im_1和Im_2的平均厚度分别为68.3m,68.6m,81.8m,59.1m和52.1m,其中EIm_1单元的厚度最大为150m,从西到东逐渐减小;Im_1最大深度为224m,位于研究区的北部,向东西两侧依次减小。     

Using an unbaited stationary video system to investigate the behaviour and interactions of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas under an aquaculture farm

Bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas are common along the coast of Reunion Island (South-West Indian Ocean) and were suspected to aggregate in the vicinity of an aquaculture farm in Saint-Paul Bay on the west coast. In order to understand the behaviour and interaction of bull sharks near aquaculture cages at Saint-Paul Bay, we deployed an experimental unbaited stationary video camera. From 175 hours of recording during daylight hours from March to April 2012, eight individual female bull sharks (seven adults and one immature) were identified based on their natural markings. These sharks were resighted between 3 and 45 times. Residency analysis revealed site attachment under the aquaculture cages for at least three individuals over the course of the study. Recorded behaviours included intraspecific social interactions such as synchronised swimming. Social interactions and relatively strong paired associations for two pairs of females suggest some level of sociality among bull sharks around Reunion Island. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of unbaited video systems to monitor the behaviour of adult coastal sharks.     

地下水采样技术及《地下水采样技术规程》的编制

地下水取样是地下水调查、监测中的一项关键技术工作,必须要根据调查场地的条件和调查的目的选择合适的采样方法,并严格按照操作规程进行采样,以取得真实、有代表性的样品。本文在梳理常用地下水采样方法和采样器具的基础上,介绍了行业标准《地下水采样技术规程》的编制过程及其主要内容。该规程内容涉及地下水现场测试样品、无机检测样品、有机检测样品、气体检测样品、同位素检测样品、专项样品（包括地热水样品和饮用矿泉水样品）等的采集要求、采样方法、样品保存、质量控制等。