Effect of shallow and narrow water on added mass of cylinders with various cross-sectional shapes

The sway, heave and roll added masses of three uniform cylinders with semi-circular, rectangular and triangular cross-sectional shapes in shallow and narrow water are numerically analysed. The method is based on simulation of the potential flow induced by the cylinder's mode of motion. The effects of shallow and narrow water on added mass are analysed and presented. It is concluded that the shallow and narrow water effects on added mass depend on the different cross-section shapes of the cylinders. In particular, the water depth effect on sway added mass is stronger than that on heave added mass while the narrow water effect on sway is weaker than that on heave. The shallow water effect on added mass tends to weaken the narrow water effect. Lastly the effect of shallow and narrow water on added mass on a rectangular cylinder is the strongest while that on a triangular cylinder is the weakest.     

Time-domain simulation of berthing problem between FPSO and shuttle tanker in waves

A time-domain simulation method based on potential flow model has been developed to investigate the berthing problem between two floating bodies in wave. The boundary value problem is formulated with respect to an earth-fixed coordinate system because the relative positions of the two vessels continuously change during the berthing operation. The classical finite element method is used to solve the Laplace equation in the fluid domain with moving boundary. The linearized free-surface boundary conditions are integrated in time by applying 4th-order Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method. A simple re-mesh algorithm with local and global mesh systems is introduced to update mesh by considering large horizontal movement of the berthing vessel. The developed numerical method is used to investigate the berthing problem between a FPSO and shuttle tanker in waves. The focus is on the wave-induced motion response during the berthing process. The characteristics of the motion responses in berthing operation are examined with various wave frequencies, berthing speeds and wave headings.     

Distribution of eddy scales for wave current combined flow

This paper illustrates the modulation of the eddy scale distribution due to superimposition of surface wave on only current flow. Time series data of three-dimensional velocity components were measured in a laboratory flume by a three-dimensional (3D) 16-MHz micro-acoustic Doppler velocimeter (Micro-ADV). The velocity time series of only current case and waves following the current were analysed to obtain the phase-averaged mean velocities, turbulent intensities, and Reynolds stress. The probability density function of phase-averaged stream-wise and vertical velocity fluctuations showed bimodal oscillations towards the free surface for higher frequency surface waves. It was revealed that surface waves along the current effectively decrease the intermittency of turbulence of the only current flow. Surface wave changed the intermittent structure of only current flow by modulation of the energy cascade mechanism of the only current flow by introduction of wave induced length scales. Also the scale of the finer dissipative eddies were prominently enhanced by the increase in surface wave frequency. Wavelet analysis of time series of velocity signals provided information on the eddy scale and their frequency of occurrence. It was found that the large eddies are carried by the crest regions of the progressive wave while the small scale eddies are carried by the trough regions.     

Geophysical mapping of buried faults in parts of Bida Basin,North Central Nigeria

High‐resolution aeromagnetic data over the Bida Basin, North Central Nigeria has been analysed to investigate the possible continuity of Ifewara fault zone, through the Bida Basin, to Zungeru fault zone. Analytic signal magnitude, horizontal gradient magnitude, and Euler deconvolution methods were applied to the aeromagnetic data to delineate the subsurface structures. The results showed that a prominent NNE–SSW trending fault associated with the Ifewara fault zone extends through the study area. Other faults trending in the ENE–WSW, NE–SW, NW–SE, E–W, and WNW–ESE directions were also mapped. Interpreted models revealed the presence of intrusives and a possible mineralised zone within the study area. We therefore concluded that the inferred fault zones within the basin have affinity with the trend of the Ifewara fault zone, which is an indication of possible extension and linkage with Zungeru fault zone through the Bida Basin.     

CT能谱成像对肝脏微小转移瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨肝脏微小转移瘤患者应用CT能谱成像诊断的效果及对患者肝功能的影响。方法：回顾性分析2015年5月至2017年5月我院收治的肝脏微小转移瘤患者80例的临床资料,根据诊断方法不同分成对照组和研究组两组。对照组常规的CT诊断,研究组应用CT能谱成像的诊断方法,对比诊断结果。结果：对比诊断结果,研究组诊断出的病灶个数以及检出率显著高于对照组（&;lt;i&;lt;P&;lt;/i&;lt;&;lt;0.05）,同时漏检率以及误检率均低于对照组（&;lt;i&;lt;P&;lt;/i&;lt;&;lt;0.05）;研究组应用诊断方法的诊断敏感度、阳性预测值以及特异性都高于对照组（&;lt;i&;lt;P&;lt;/i&;lt;&;lt;0.05）;对比治疗效果,研究组的疗效显著优于对照组（&;lt;i&;lt;P&;lt;/i&;lt;&;lt;0.05）。结论：应用CT能谱成像诊断肝脏微小转移瘤患者,有助于疾病早发现、早治疗,有更高的诊断价值,利于患者改善肝功能,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Metamodel-based design of alluvial channels at incipient motion subjected to seepage

Abstract

The design of an alluvial channel affected by seepage requires information about five basic parameters: particle size, water depth, energy slope, seepage velocity, and average velocity. The conventional approach to predicting the incipient motion in an alluvial channel cannot be applied in the case of a channel affected by seepage. Metamodelling techniques are nowadays widely used in engineering design to simulate a complex system. Here, a metamodel is described which employs the radial-basis function (RBF) network to predict the seepage velocity and energy slope based on experimental data under incipient motion conditions. It was found that the model fits experimental data very well and provides predictions for the design. With the help of the metamodel generated by the RBF network, design curves based on the RBF metamodel are presented for use in designing an alluvial channel when it is affected by seepage.

Citation Kumar, B., Sreenivasulu, G. & Ramakrishna Rao, A. (2010) Metamodel-based design of alluvial channels at incipient motion subjected to seepage. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(3), 459–466.     

鲁甸M_S6.5地震震源区地壳结构及孕震环境研究

本文利用由中国地震局在鲁甸地震震区附近架设的35个流动观测台站记录的远震事件记录,采用接收函数H-k扫描方法和CCP叠加成像方法获取了鲁甸地震震源区的地壳精细结构,结果显示鲁甸地震发生在地壳厚度和泊松比变化较剧烈的地区.昭通断裂西南段和东北段地壳物质组分差异明显,西南段断裂两侧地壳组分均显示为中泊松比分布,东北段断裂两侧泊松比从低泊松比快速变化为高泊松比,表明东北段西南侧壳内含有更多铁镁质组分,造成昭通断裂西南段和东北段对青藏高原下地壳物质向东南运移的阻挡有所差异,导致壳内应变积累,从而引起鲁甸地震的发生.在震源区地壳内部存在的低速层,可能为此次地震提供了可能的孕震环境.鲁甸地震与芦山地震虽然均没有产生明显的地表破裂带,但两者的震源机制以及孕震环境存在着明显的差异.本文也认为未来应关注青藏高原东缘断裂的历史地震空段发生大地震的可能性.本文研究结果对于理解青藏高原东缘区域的孕震背景具有一定的意义.     

补偿向下延拓方法研究及应用

位场向下延拓是重、磁处理和解释的常用方法,但其不稳定性限制了其在资料处理及反演中的应用.本文基于补偿圆滑滤波思想以及空间域向下延拓迭代法,通过逐次补偿的办法实现位场的稳定向下延拓.同时,在频率域空间给出了该下延方法的频率域响应因子,并讨论了其低通滤波特性,理论模型和实际位场资料试验表明该方法向下延拓稳定性具有较高的延拓精度.将其应用于重力密度界面反演中,改进反演的稳定性,实际莫霍界面反演表明下延因子具备实用性.     

Response Surface Optimization for Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution by Waste Agricultural Biosorbent Psidium guvajava L. Leaf Powder

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the combined effects of the various parameters namely, pH, biosorbent dosage, cadmium concentration and temperature, and to optimize the process conditions for the maximum removal of cadmium using Psidium guvajava L. leaf powder. In order to obtain the mutual interactions between the variables and to optimize these variables, a 2⁴ full factorial central composite design using RSM was employed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic model demonstrates that the model was highly significant. The model was statistically tested and verified by experimentation. A maximum cadmium removal of 93.2% was obtained under the following optimum conditions: aqueous cadmium concentration 40.15 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 0.5 g/50 mL solution, pH 5.0, and temperature (35°C). The value of desirability factor obtained was 1.     

地下核爆炸地震波二次源特征

层裂是地下核爆炸震源物理过程中最重要的非球对称源过程.对其机制的研究,多基于面波资料,本文基于远场体波资料,利用经验格林函数方法,消除路径及接收场地效应,利用地下核爆炸远场地震波P波数据对震源时间函数进行了反演,结果显示明显的双脉冲特征,该二次源特征不随方位角及震中距变化,说明它源自震源本身,其双脉冲特征与层裂机制相符.