晴空日中尺度切变环境场与对流云团发展条件

重点应用雷达回波资料结合常规气象资料、卫星云图 ,综合分析了 50 0hPa中尺度切变与陕北南部地区对流阵性降水形成、发展条件 ,指出了 50 0hPa不同的中尺度切变与有利的环境合理配置 ,是导致对流云团发展的重要因素 ,不同特征环境风切变配置与对流单体的发展趋势、强度变化、移动和合并息息相关。     

前倾槽背景下河套地区一次强冰雹天气成因分析

利用常规观测资料、多普勒雷达资料以及NECP(1°×1°)逐6 h再分析资料,对2016年9月22日内蒙古河套地区强冰雹天气成因进行分析,结果表明:在前倾槽有利的天气尺度环流背景下,中高层干冷空气叠加在低层暖湿空气上形成了对流不稳定层结条件。较大的对流有效位能(CAPE)、假相当位温θse高能区、0～6 km中等强度的垂直风切变有利于强冰雹的形成。反射率因子有"钩状回波"、前侧入流缺口、后侧入流缺口;前侧入流缺口表明有上升气流,强盛的上升气流有利于空中大冰雹的增长,后侧入流缺口表明有下沉气流,有可能引起破坏性大风。基本径向速度剖面有明显的中气旋特征,强烈的辐合有利于对流风暴上升运动的进一步发展;对流风暴后侧有辐散下沉气流降落到地面,辐散风出流促使对流风暴前沿的暖湿气流强迫抬升,从而使上升运动得到进一步的加强。反射率因子剖面有弱回波区、回波悬垂且55 dBZ以上的强回波核心位置超过-20℃层等温线高度以上;弱回波区左侧的回波强度高达55～60 dBZ且已经接地,表明有大冰雹降落到地面。     

华北飑线系统中地闪活动与雷达回波顶高的关系及预警指标

选取代表华北地区经常出现的三类飑线系统--拖曳层状型(TS)、先导层状型(LS)、平行层状型(PS)的3次强雷暴过程为研究对象,利用天津塘沽多普勒雷达资料、京津冀ADTD型地闪监测网资料和北京探空资料,在对资料进行全面质量控制的基础上,运用粗网格化分析方法,分别以飑线系统整体和飑线系统上局部的强回波块为研究对象,探讨6分钟内地闪频数与雷达回波顶高的关系,找寻雷电预警指标.结果表明:3次过程中,出现在云顶达到8～12km 对流云塔中的地闪频数分别为85.8%、78.9%和80.5%;无论是在飑线系统整体,还是飑线系统上强回波块中,6分钟内地闪频数与对流云回波顶高高于11km或12km的回波面积有正相关关系;而且在飑线系统内的地闪活跃区,回波顶高高于11km的回波面积对地闪活动激烈程度具有预警意义.     

基于闪电定位和雷达资料的邵阳地区雷电预报预警研究

选取2018年夏季邵阳地区的17个雷暴单体和9个非雷暴单体,分析了单体30 dBz、35 dBz和40 dBz回波顶高及0℃、-10℃和-20℃层超过30 dBz、35 dBz和40 dBz的回波面积与闪电发生的关系,利用40 dBz回波顶高、-10℃层以上超过40 dBz的回波面积及其与单体总面积的百分比对该地区闪电...     

2005年3月22日华南飑线的综合分析

2005年3月22日华南地区发生了一次飑线天气过程。利用常规观测、雷达回波、自动气象站资料及NCEP1°×1°的逐6小时资料,从天气形势、雷达回波、物理量场等多角度综合诊断分析了该飑线过程。结果表明:该过程具有低层增温、增湿,中高层降温、低湿的特征。飑线发生在快速东移的高空槽前上干冷、下暖湿的不稳定区域,华南地区700hPa低空急流的爆发及低层急流核向东传输对不稳定能量的突然释放有很大的触发作用。飑线系统在低空增温、增湿与对流层中层干侵入的相互作用下形成,产生大范围的雷雨大风、冰雹等强对流天气。     

A Case Study of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Activities in Hailstorms under Cold Eddy Synoptic Situation

There were three hailstorms in Shandong Province,caused by a same northeast cold eddy situation on 1 June 2002.Cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes occurring in the weather event were observed by Shandong Lightning Detection Network (SLDN),which consists of 10 sensors covering all over Shandong Province.The temporal and spatial distributions of CG lightning are investigated for the three hailstorms by using the data from SLDN,Doppler radar and satellite.The results show that different thunderstorms present different lightning features even if under the same synoptic situation.The percentage of positive CG lightning is very high during the period of hail falling.CG flashes mainly occurred in the region with a cloud top brightness temperature lower than -50°C.Negative CG flashes usually clustered in the lower temperature region and tended to occur in the region with maximum temperature gradient,while the positive ones usually spread discretely.Negative CG flashes usually occurred in intense echo regions with reflectivity greater than 50 dBz,while the positive CG flashes often occurred in weak and stable echo regions (10-30 dBz) or cloud anvils,although they can be observed in strong convective regions sometimes.Almost all hail falling took place in the stage with active positive flashes,and the peak positive flash rate is a little prior to the hail events.The thunderstorm could lead to disastrous weather when positive CG lightning activities occur in cluster.Severe thunderstorms sometimes present a low flash rate at its vigorous stage,which is probably caused by the"mechanism of chargeregion lift"through investigating the reflectivity evolution.Combined with the total lightning (intracloud and CG) data obtained by LIS onboard TRMM,the phenomenon of high ratio of intracloud flash to CG flash in severe hailstorm has been discussed.The competition of the same charge sources between different lightning types can also be helpful for explaining the cause of low CG lightning activities in severe storms.     

"2005.5.30"庆阳特大冰雹新一代天气雷达回波资料分析

通过对2005年5月30日庆阳市区域性冰雹天气西峰新一代天气雷达回波资料的分析,得到了冰雹云在新一代天气雷达强度回波、速度回波和物理量产品中的特征,揭示了这次区域性冰雹是低涡底部切变线造成的,庆阳市区的特大冰雹并不是带状冰雹云系移动到当地产生的,而是飑线移动中在庆阳市区产生超级单体风暴造成的。     

层状云数值模式与实际观测研究

改进了一维层状云雨滴分档模式,利用雨滴分档模式在计算雨滴粒子谱型及数浓度自然演变方面中的优势,对吉林省长春市6月21日3个不同时刻的降雨进行了模拟,并与实测资料进行了比较。结果表明,改进后的模式计算稳定,可以模拟出与实际降水谱型相接近的雨滴谱;对于层状云中上升气流速度难以直接测量的问题,通过选用不同的上升气流速度方案,并将计算所得的雷达回波反射率廓线与实际地面雷达观测值相拟和的方法,从而为实现通过雷达回波与模式计算相比较来测量定量降水提供一个新的思路;与实际观测结果比较可知,暖区碰并过程对本次降水的贡献在10%左右,与上升气流的速度有关。     

THE STATISTIC RELATION BETWEEN LIGHTNING AND CINRAD DOPPLER RADAR ECHOES IN CENTRAL GUANGDONG

Based on the CINRAD Doppler radar data in Guangzhou and the lightning data in 2004 by power suppliers of Guangdong, statistical study is done by overlaying lightning’s position on radar’s echo. The result shows the followings. The concentrated period in which more negative lightning occurred at the middle levels (2 – 14 km), where radar echo was moderate (12 – 45 dBz), rather than at the low levels with the weakest echoes or at high levels with the strongest echoes. At levels 3 – 11 km, where the radar echo was between 10 dBz and 35 dBz, the area of negative lightning was much larger in central Guangdong than in the rest of the province. At levels 0.5 – 7 km where the radar echoes were between 44 dBz and 51 dBz, the probability for a point to have negative lightning varies from 0.4 to 0.7.     

一次局地冰雹的新一代天气雷达回波演变特征分析

2004年5月31日20时40分至21时15分,兵团农六师芳新垦区出现了一次局地冰雹天气,冰雹直径为0.5～0.8cm,但冰雹密度大,致使芳草湖农场353hm2棉花受灾。本文应用雷达的二次产品及回波特征对局地冰雹的发展、演变进行分析,对发展迅速的局地冰雹云的雷达识别和准确预报冰雹落区是有意义的。