Analysis of the genetic diversity and differentiation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fenneropenaeus penicillatus</Emphasis> populations using AFLP technology

Fenneropenaeus penicillatus (redtail shrimp) is an important marine commercial animal in China. Recently, its resources have been depleted rapidly as a result of, for example, over-exploitation and environmental degradation of spawning grounds. Therefore, we analyzed the genetic diversity and differentiation of nine wild populations of F. penicillatus of China (Ningde, Lianjiang, Putian, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangpu, Dongshan, Nanao, and Shenzhen populations) by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology, to provide genetic information necessary for resource protection, rejuvenation, artificial breeding, and sustainable use of the resource. Eight AFLP primer pairs were used for amplification, and 508 bands were detected among the populations. The results show that the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) ranged from 41.34% to 63.58%; the Nei’s gene diversity (H) of the populations was 0.119 4-0.230 5; and Shannon’s Information Index (I) was 0.184 1-0.342 5. These genetic data indicate that the genetic diversity of F. penicillatus was high. The genetic differentiation coefficient (GST=0.216 2) and gene flow (Nm=1.812 4) show that there was a high level of genetic differentiation and a moderate level of gene flow among populations. More studies on the genetic differentiation mechanism of F. penicillatus along the south-eastern coast of China need to be conducted to find more effective scientific protection strategies for the conservation of F. penicillatus genetic resources.     

中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)血淋巴中凝血蛋白的分离纯化、鉴定及 cDNA 片段克隆、 组织表达谱分析

采用层析技术、N末端氨基酸序列分析及同源基因克隆等技术对中国对虾中国对虾血淋巴中的凝血蛋白(CP)进行了研究。结果表明,纯化的CP约为380kDa,其亚基的分子量约为190kDa,说明该蛋白是由两个相同的亚基组成的同源二聚体;中国对虾CP的N末端氨基酸序列与凡纳滨对虾、保罗美对虾具有100%的相似性,与其它对虾的也具有很高的相似性;获得了CP基因518bp的cDNA片段,分析表明该基因序列与其它虾类CP基因序列的具有很高的同源性;CP基因的组织表达谱分析发现心脏和表皮是该基因主要的合成表达部位。     

中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)丝氨酸蛋白酶同源物基因(Fc-SPH)的重组表达及活性分析

以实验室前期克隆到的中国明对虾丝氨酸蛋白酶同源物基因(Fc-SPH)(GenBank登录号:DQ318859)为基础,利用原核表达系统对Fc-SPH基因成熟肽区域进行了重组表达和纯化复性分析,并对获得的重组目的蛋白开展了抑菌活性及微生物清除功能研究。结果表明:在体外成功获得了大量有活性的对虾Fc-SPH蛋白(rFc-SPH),活性研究显示rFc-SPH对大多数受试菌种都有明显的抑制效果,并可以加速中国明对虾清除体内外源微生物的速度。作者推断Fc-SPH即可以作为一线防御应答效应物直接参与虾类的先天免疫活动而发挥作用,也可以通过调理作用促进血细胞对病原微生物的吞噬和杀灭。     

Cloning,characterization,and expression analysis of the DEAD-box family genes,Fc-vasa and Fc-PL10a,in Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis)

RNA helicases of the DEAD-box and related families are involved in various cellular processes including DNA replication,DNA repair,and RNA processing.However,the function of DEAD-box proteins in aquaculture species is poorly understood at molecular level.We obtained the full-length cDNA sequences of two genes encoding helicase-related proteins,Fc-vasa and Fc-PL10a,from the testes of Chinese shrimp,Fenneropenaeus chinensis.The two predicted amino acid sequences contain all the conserved motifs characterized ...     

中国江蓠的商品生产及其与对虾混养(英文)

以江湾和对虾混养预防虾病。试验和生产实践表明，江蒿和对虾混养能明显地改善虾池水质，防止对虾细菌性病害，除江南有一定产量外，可使对虾产量比单养增加60％以上。并论述了中国江蓠人工栽培的种类、生长条件和主要生产方式。     

生存密度和饵料对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)争胜行为和生长性能的影响

为探讨生存密度和饵料对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)争胜行为和生长性能的影响,实验采用中国明对虾仔虾为材料,设置300尾/m2(DL)、600尾/m2(DA)、1200尾/m2(DH)3个密度梯度,鲜活卤虫和人工配合饵料2种饵料及饱喂(FF)、少喂(LF)、不喂(NF)3个投喂丰度,测定中国明对虾的体长增长、存活率,以及投喂前、投喂时、投喂后对虾之间的争斗行为等指标。结果表明,仔虾间的争胜行为随生存密度的升高而增加,生长和存活率逐渐降低;饵料种类和丰度能显著影响中国明对虾的争胜行为和生长性能(P0.05)。结果显示,生存密度、饵料种类及丰度会影响中国明对虾的争胜行为,投喂鲜活饵料有利于提高存活率和生长速度。     

中国对虾选育群体与近交群体不同生长时期的生长性状和存活率的比较

对中国对虾"黄海2号"核心群进行全同胞兄妹交配构建近交一代群体,并以核心群的传代家系为对照群体,将2个对虾群体经荧光标记后进行80天的共同养殖测试,期间测量5个不同时间阶段的体重和存活率数据,研究选育群体和全同胞近交一代群体在不同养殖阶段的生长、存活及近交衰退情况。生长实验结果表明,除第10天养殖阶段外,选育群体在其它4个养殖阶段的体重均与全同胞近交一代群体存在显著差异(P0.05);在第30、50和80天,2个群体的特定生长率均呈现下降趋势,从整个养殖测试阶段来看,选育群体的特定生长率高于全同胞近交一代群体,二者分别为2.04、1.91;从各个养殖阶段来看,选育群体的体重变异系数范围为14.89%~24.80%,属于中等变异,说明选育群体依然具有较大的选育空间。在存活率方面,第30、50和80天养殖阶段,2个群体的存活率均存在显著差异(P0.05),且随着养殖时间的延长,选育群体与全同胞近交一代群体的平均存活率差异越来越大。近交衰退结果显示,全同胞近交一代生长性状的近交衰退系数范围为-5%~-14.49%,存活性状的近交衰退系数范围为-1.78%~-7.3%,在5个不同养殖阶段存活性状的近交衰退程度均低于生长性状。研究表明,对于经多代改良的中国对虾选育群体,全同胞兄妹交配一代产生的近交仍会造成不同养殖阶段的显著近交衰退,应该在育种过程中采取严格的近交控制策略来实现良种的选育。