华北构造区强震短期水氡异常空间图像演化及其前兆判别标志的研究

开展了水氡前兆异常参数提取方法的研究, 并以其提取的结果为输入, 对1985～2002年华北水氡异常参数分布做了全时空扫描, 继而将全部图像与华北地区构造活动性评估的数字化图像进行了叠加, 实现了水氡异常动态扫描与区域构造活动性背景的结合。 在此基础上, 1985年以来华北地区5级以上地震前的水氡短期图像演化情况做了全面分析, 提取出判别异常区的指标以及地震短期异常演化特征, 并提出了华北地区强震前水氡短期前兆的判别标志。     

山东省地下水环境演化规律

地下水环境演化是地下水系统在自然因素和人为因素影响下,发生在地质环境空间内质与量的变化过程和结果。在自然因素中地理、地质等条件可视为基本不变,最主要的是气候条件的变化,而大气降水又是气候条件中最为活跃的因子,其余如温度、风速虽也影响水分的蒸发,但年际变化不如降水大,故以狭义的降水来代表广义的气候条件。人类工程活动因素则主要是抽取地下水和污染物排放,这些因素的变化最终导致的是地下水动力场和化学场的变化。人类工程活动主要是抽取地下水和污染物排放,这些因素变化最终导致的是地下水动力场和化学场的变化。基于这一观点,以1978年为基准年,通过地下水动力场和化学场演化研究结果,采用"地下水环境演化综合指数法",对全省地下水环境演化程度进行综合评价,划分出"优向演化区、波动平衡区、劣向演化区",是对近30多年来人类工程活动影响下,山东省地下水环境演化规律的系统总结。     

库车坳陷克拉2气田异常流体压力演化史

根据克拉2气田现今实测地层压力分析了异常高压发育的特征,并通过流体包裹体测试求取包裹体形成时期的古压力。计算结果表明:下白垩统和古近系库姆格列木群砂岩储层在距今8～6Ma(康村组沉积期末)时,古压力系数大致为1.09～1.18,发育过剩压力为4.6～9.6MPa的异常高压。在此基础上,以古、今压力数据为约束条件,利用数值模拟技术定量恢复出下白垩统与侏罗系异常流体压力的演化历史。研究发现:下白垩统储层流体压力经历了沉积型异常流体压力形成发展(白垩纪-库车组沉积期末)和沉积型异常流体压力萎缩—构造挤压型异常流体压力孕育(库车组沉积期末至今)两个阶段。康村组沉积早期沉积型超压开始出现,库车组沉积期末达到顶峰,过剩压力达40～50MPa;此后,在沉积型超压萎缩—构造挤压型超压孕育过程的耦合下,过剩压力曾降至25～30MPa,更新世起超压略有升高。侏罗系流体压力演化较为简单,吉迪克组沉积期开始出现超压,至库车组沉积期末达到高峰,此后异常高压逐渐萎缩。在克拉2气田的主要成藏时期(距今3～1Ma),烃源岩较储层具有更高的异常压力,源—储压力差为10～30MPa。     

Description of a new toothed mysticete from the Late Oligocene of San Juan de La Costa,B.C.S., México

This paper describes a toothed mysticete that belongs to a basal family found in Oligocene sedimentary rocks deposited in the North Pacific Ocean. The material that is described here belongs in the Chattian stage of the Oligocene, and it was collected near Arroyo El Saladito from the San Juan Member in the El Cien Formation, Baja California Sur, México. The sedimentary environment of this area has been interpreted to be a continental platform with nutrient-rich waters combined with anoxic conditions. Therefore, the specimens that have been found in the phosphorite layers lived in an environment of shallow coastal waters. The material described is a dentary fragment, a skull and fragments of the teeth. The new taxon is located within the Superfamily Aetiocetoidea due to the presence of functional teeth, which have a slightly globose shape with eight slightly triangular apices. Niparajacetus palmadentis presents a morphology that contrasts with other toothed whales. For example, it shows an elongated and wide skull in the posterior region with a triangular shape, and its estimated total length is 3.2–3.5 m.     

THE EVOLUTION OF STENOLS AND STANOLS IN MARINE SEDIMENT CORE FROM BEIBU BAY, THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

Ten stenols and stanols were identified by TLC , GC and GC-MS-DS in a marine sediment core from Beibu Bay , the South China Sea .C27, C28 and C29 A5 stenols and 5a- stanols mainly come from zoopiankton, algae and phytoplankton in marine environment. C29 24-ethylcholest- 5 - en- 3B- ol is thought to indicate input of terrigenous organic matter . The increase of C27 . C28 and C29 5a-stanol /5 stenol ratios with sediment depth shows the evolution of stenols and stanols in the marine sediment core .     

华北地区下寒武统的划分对比及其沉积演化

华北地区下寒武统具有明显的“两灰两红”四套岩石组合,代表两个潮湿—干旱的沉积旋回,据此自下而上可分成辛集组、硃砂洞组、昌平组和馒头组四个岩石地层单元和Husaspis、Megapalaeolenus fengyangensis和Redlichia chinesis三个化石带,并可能分别与南方的筇竹寺阶、沧浪铺阶红井哨段、乌龙箐段和龙王庙阶相对比。早寒武世沉积时,华北地台具有“北高南低、西高东低”的古地貌格局,海水沿地台西南缘的贺兰—六盘坳陷和地台南缘的晋豫裂坳陷及豫—皖陆块依次北侵,并在早寒武世末期浸漫了大部分华北古陆。早寒武世时,郯庐断裂带东侧的吉南辽东地区可能位于地台南缘,其沉积特征与断裂带西侧的豫皖苏鲁地区非常相似,只是中生代发生了大规模的郯庐断裂左行平移才形成现今的地质构造格局。     

Scydmobisetia gen. nov., the first definite Glandulariini from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

The Glandulariini (=Cyrtoscydmini) includes about 60 genera comprising over 70% of the extant species of Scydmaeninae. This successful group is today very common and abundant in forests of all continents. However, while extinct representatives of much smaller extant tribes, as Clidicini, Eutheiini and Cephenniini, were described from Cretaceous deposits, named genera and species of Glandulariini were so far known only from much younger Baltic, Sicilian and Dominican ambers. Here we report the first genus and species of definite Glandulariini from the Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber, Scydmobisetia vetutissima Jałoszyński and Yamamoto, gen. and sp. nov. Scydmobisetia is the first known glandulariine beetle with a pair of very long vertexal sensilla chaetica, previously not found in this tribe, but common among unrelated Staphylinidae. The new genus shows similarities to the extant genera Anthicimimus, Sciacharis, Spinosciacharis and Horaeomorphus, but S. vetutissima has protibial modifications typical of males of some extant species of Euconnus. We discuss the apparent disproportion in the oldest fossil record of various tribes of scydmaenines as a result of identification problems, and not the lack of known fossils.     

Cretaceous amber inclusions of Spain and Myanmar demonstrate early diversification and wide dispersal of Cephenniitae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

The taxonomic status of previously misplaced species of an ant-like stone beetle from Spanish amber (Albian) is clarified. Specimens of Kachinus magnificus (originally placed as incertae sedis within Scydmaenitae) were re-examined and their characters were found different from those of the type species of Kachinus from Myanmar amber. Consequently, Archeutheia gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the Spanish species, resulting in Archeutheia magnifica comb. nov. Moreover, in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis Archeutheia was placed as a sister group to extant Eutheia, within the tribe Eutheiini of Cephenniitae. A specimen of an undetermined genus from Myanmar amber clearly belonging in Cephenniini is also recorded. Both taxa represent the first definite Cretaceous Cephenniitae, a supertribe whose recent members are distributed on all continents but are especially diverse in the Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. This finding demonstrates a diversification of two presently most species-rich tribes of Cephenniitae already in Early Cretaceous. Archeutheia is strikingly similar to the extant species of Eutheia and Veraphis, showing male dimorphic characters (modified protrochanters) and antennal cavities characteristic of Palaearctic Eutheiini. This fact suggests a long morphological stability in the supertribe. A previously proposed hypothesis of an early presence of the Cephenniitae in the Northern Hemisphere is for the first time supported by the fossil record, and the palaeolocalities (western Europe and Southeast Asia) demonstrate a wide distribution of Cephenniitae in the Cretaceous and an early split of its ancestral lineage.     

癌症的起源和防治

癌细胞与正常的人体细胞不同。根据体细胞突变理论（SMT）,癌细胞是基因突变的结果。该理论还采用达尔文主义的基本原理,假设癌细胞生长是自然选择下“适者生存”的结果。与此相反,我们采用Margulis的演化理论来解释癌症的起源,并提出癌细胞由遗传而来：癌基因组起源于寄生在原核生物宿主中的细菌;在大约20亿年前的“氧气革命”期间,癌基因组与原核生物基因组因内共生作用而融合;后来宿主演化成为真核生物（原生生物、真菌、植物和动物）,每种真核生物都具有其独特的基因组;经过同样的时间间隔,原寄生细菌基因组则演化成为真核生物内的癌干细胞基因组。当前SMT假设人类基因组的突变导致癌症,但该理论无法识别编码肿瘤生长的基因组序列,也无法解释：突变为何会造成癌细胞失控性生长及复制？癌症为何是一种代谢性疾病？癌症死亡率为何与亚硝酸盐污染有关？中国用不含亚硝酸盐的公共供水源的试验为何竟可以拯救许多癌症患者的生命？SMT没能充分回答许多“神秘”的癌症问题。相反,我们提出的生物演化理论可以回答这些相关事实,包括那些SMT不能充分解释的问题。我们的理论根据是：癌基因组图谱（TCGA）的科学家未能在正常的人类基因组序列中发现突变或未突变的癌基因组。是癌基因组编码了癌细胞的生长及复制和一种不同的代谢模式。我们的理论假设,癌症起源于“休眠中”的癌干细胞因为受亚硝酸盐的影响而被激活,其中一个癌基因组编码了厌氧或缺氧的代谢模式,为癌细胞的生长及复制提供能量和生物量,其他基因组则编码了癌细胞的失控性生长及复制和其他癌症特征。亚硝酸盐以10-9 级别的浓度干扰人体正常的代谢和复制等机能。事实说明,亚硝酸盐可被定义为一种毒药。识别慢性中毒的困难可以用孟加拉国公共供水造成的砷中毒作为例证。癌症应被视为由亚硝酸盐中毒引起的疾病来进行治疗是一个假说,它可以解释为什么当中国部分地区的正常公共供水改用标准化深井水（SDWW）时,癌症死亡率可以减半。这个假说需要另一个假设来解释亚硝酸盐中毒并不影响所有饮用公共供水的人,而只影响其中一部分人。我们必须假设癌症的产生是由于干细胞,其中包括一个癌干细胞,被召唤去以修复细胞的损伤。将这些打破常规的假说放在一起,很多专家认为我们的生物演化理论是天方夜谭而不予理会。实际上,这个假说已由中国过去的SDWW实验所证实。一些医院的试验也证实,若癌症晚期患者每天饮用不含亚硝酸盐的水,癌症可以被治愈。我们对癌症晚期不可治愈这一论断提出质疑,并假定癌症是慢性亚硝酸盐中毒所致。我们呼吁其他科学家进行实验和临床试验来验证这一假说,使至少一半的晚期癌症患者,当他们的饮用水供应源不含亚硝酸盐时,可以被治愈。与此同时,我们应该将过去半个世纪以来献身医学的科学家们的成果,整合为一个“新的体系”。     

海南岛海风演变特征的观测分析

本文利用2012年海南岛19个常规气象站、5个海岛站的逐时资料以及海口站的探空资料,对海南岛海风的时空演变特征及在不同天气条件下海风发展的特征进行了统计分析,结果表明:2012年全年海南岛的海风多发生于春、秋季,频率分别为40%和33%,冬季最少(约为19%),尤其是一月,大部分站点均不足10%。夏季海风出现时刻较早;南部沿海海风结束时间晚于北部沿海;冬季海风开始得较晚,南部海风结束时间早于北部沿海。海风平均持续时间约为10 h。沿海站的海风风速主要集中在3~6 m·s~(-1),且最大风速值出现在春季,除琼山、海口站外,最大海风强度多出现于春夏季。内陆站中部山区附近海风出现频率较高、开始时刻较早、持续时间较长、强度也较大。海风向内陆的传播距离至少为70 km;海风易发生在阴天,其次为多云天气,少云日的海风最少。