青藏高原地理环境研究进展

经三纪青藏地区曾二次隆升与夷平,３,４Ｍａ以来经历了高原强烈隆起,现代季风形成,高原山地抬升、进入冰冻圈,环境剧烈波劝,高原内部干旱化及全新世环境波动变化等古寺理演化阶段。     

徐州市大气环境质量演化规律分析

通过几年来对徐州市大气中二氧化硫,氮氧化物,总悬浮微粒,降尘,硫酸盐化速率等几种主要污染物演化规律的分析,阐述本区大气污染物的来源,并对大气环境质量作出初步评价,论证本区大气环境污染特征及演化趋势,为今后大气环境质量管理提供科学依据。     

华南巨型锑矿带的特征及其制约因素

华南巨型锑矿带位于中国南方扬子陆块与华夏陆块的接合过渡地段,锑矿床都产在沉积地层中,具有显著的层控性,常有整合的层状矿体出现,赋矿地层都显示异常高的锑丰度,充分显示了与沉积盆地演化密不可分的内在联系矿石的硫同位素受赋矿地层层位和沉积相的控制,碳同位素特征反映了深部因素与浅部过程的耦合,铅同位素则暗示研究区地层及其中锑矿化的亲缘关系和统一演化历史．锑是一个趋于在地壳浅部富集的中低温热液成矿元素,因此成熟度越高的地壳块段锑的丰度越高,锑矿产出概率也越大．华南巨型锑矿带的形成乃是扬子陆块南缘沉积盆地长期演化的结果,可能与这一岩石圈块段长期以来强烈的物质分异和再循环有关．     

热力学计算模拟对初始月幔结构的约束SCIEI北大核心CSCD

月球岩浆洋结晶形成的初始月球内部结构是其后续演化过程的开端,其结晶过程受月球岩浆洋的初始深度和物质组成这两个参数的制约。由于缺少直接来自月球深部的岩石样品,目前关于月球岩浆洋演化过程的探讨主要依赖实验和计算模拟手段。岩浆洋模型中形成的月壳厚度是否与探测结果一致是月球岩浆洋演化模型合理性的重要约束。最新的GRAIL(Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory)探测数据推算月壳厚度为34~43km,低于阿波罗时期认为的约70km,这对已有的月球岩浆洋演化模型提出了挑战。本文采用并修正FXMOTR程序包,针对月球岩浆洋在不同的初始深度和物质组成情况下的结晶过程,进行了一系列热力学计算模拟。通过量化月球岩浆洋的初始深度和物质组成对月壳厚度的影响,结合关于月球内部微量元素分配的研究结果,对比了月球岩浆洋结晶后期的残余熔体与原始克里普组分(urKREEP)的成分。本文的模拟结果显示,一个全月幔熔融且初始成分为月球初始上月幔组成(LPUM)的岩浆洋将在其深部结晶2.5%石榴子石,形成的月壳厚度符合GRAIL的约束,并且结晶出了合适的urKREEP成分。在此模型的基础上获取了月球初始的内部成分和密度结构,并对后期月幔翻转(Overturn)的程度进行了探讨。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000917

Important ecological changes of the Earth(oxidization of the atmosphere and the ocean) increase in nutrient supply due to the break-up of the super continent(Rodinia) and the appearance of multi-cellular organisms(macroscopic algae and metazoan) took place in the Ediacaran period,priming the Cambrian explosion.The strong perturbations in carbon cycles in the ocean are recorded as excursions in carbonate and organic carbon isotope ratio(δ~(13)C_(carb) and δ~(13)C_(org)) from the Ediacaran through early Cambrian periods.The Ediacaran-early Cambrian sediment records of δ~(13)C_(carb) and δ~(13)C_(org),obtained from the drill-core samples in Three Gorges in South China,are compared with the results of numerical simulation of a simple one-zone model of the carbon cycle of the ocean,which has two reservoirs(i.e.,dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC).The fluxes from the reservoirs are assumed to be proportional to the mass of the carbon reservoirs.We constructed a model,referred to here as the Best Fit Model(BFM),which reproduce δ~(13)C_(carb) and δ~(13)C_(org) records in the Ediacaran-early Cambrian period noted above.BFM reveals that the Shuram excursion is related to three major changes in the carbon cycle or the global ecological system of the Earth:(1) an increase in the coefficient of remineralization by a factor of ca.100,possibly corresponding to a change in the dominant metabolism from anaerobic respiration to aerobic respiration,(2) an increase of carbon fractionation index from 25‰ to 33‰,possibly corresponding to the change in the primary producer from rock-living cyanobacteria to free-living macro algae,and(3) an increase in the coefficient of the organic carbon burial by a factor of ca.100,possibly corresponding to the onset of a biological pump driven by the flourishing metazoan and zooplankton.The former two changes took place at the start of the Shuram excursion,while the third occurred at the end of the Shuram excursion.The other two excursions are explained by the tentative decrease in primary production due to cold periods,which correspond to the Gaskiers(ca.580 Ma) and Bikonor(ca.542 Ma) glaciations.     

From Local Star Formation to Global Star Formation

In this brief report we summarise the most important points raised in the course of a two-hour evening discussion session on the above topic, organised by the author. Major questions that were debated included the universality of the IMF, the history of the star formation rate in the solar neighorhood, the star formation efficiency in molecular clouds, and the role of triggered star formation. The issue of a threshold gas surface density for star formation to occur was also critically discussed. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Restructuring the export-oriented industrialization in the Pearl River Delta, China: Institutional evolution and emerging tension

The rise of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) as a promising workshop of the “world factory” in China has attributed to the export-oriented industrialization driven by foreign direct investment, particularly Overseas Chinese investment from Hong Kong and Taiwan initiated in the late 1970s. The export-oriented industrialization has embedded in the flexible institutions favourable for foreign investors and local authorities, via the salient entry mode, i.e. processing with supplied materials (lailiaojiagong). Since the mid-2000s, the export-oriented industrialization has undergone dramatic restructuring to cope with the changing business environment at global, national and regional and firm levels. Drawing upon the evolutionary and institutional perspectives in geographical political economy approach, this study argues that the prevailed institutions conducive for the export-oriented processing have evolved into institutional inertia and territorial embeddedness as obstacles for the on-going restructuring, particularly the market reorientation from export to domestic sale. Moreover, difficulties of restructuring through the state-designated relocation have been heightened by the resistance from below and emerging state-firm tension. The institutional evolution of the export-oriented industrialization in the PRD has enriched the literature on industrial restructuring in the context of dynamic global-local interactions, but also provided fundamental implications for formulating well-coordinated restructuring strategies among various institutions and concerned actors.     

塔中地区志留系碎屑锆石测年及其地质意义

志留系是塔里木盆地第一套砂岩储层广泛分布的沉积盖层,其沉积来源与成因对志留纪构造演化及周边造山带的研究具有重要意义。塔中地区3个志留系样品的碎屑锆石LA?ICP?MS U?Pb定年研究表明,志留系具有比较集中的二期物源年龄：南华纪中期、古元古代中期。碎屑锆石测定的年龄表明塔中志留系物源均来自前寒武纪,塔中东部源区方向的塔南隆起基底在奥陶纪已隆升成为蚀源区。大量的新元古代中期锆石年龄表明塔里木板块在新元古代时期可能与Rodinia超大陆具有相似的聚合与裂解演化史。     

The Late Jurassic ray Kimmerobatis etchesi gen. et sp. nov. and the Jurassic radiation of the Batoidea

The laminated marine mudstones of the Late Jurassic of Kimmeridge, southern England, yield two exceptionally well-preserved partial skeletons of a previously unrecognised species of early batoid. These are described as a new genus and species, Kimmerobatis etchesi gen. et sp. nov. which has a general “guitarfish” bauplan as in all other batoids known from the Jurassic. This species possesses a combination of primitive characters such as centra present within the majority of the synarcual and antorbital cartilages that fail to reach the pectoral skeleton along with more derived characters, such as the lack of fin spines. Until now, little study has been carried out on the affinities of Jurassic batoids, despite their key role in understanding batoid evolution. Results from parsimony and likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that the whole-bodied Jurassic batoids Spathobatis, Belemnobatis, and Kimmerobatis gen. nov. form their own clade, Spathobatidae, and do not lend support to a monophyletic “Rhinobatidae”. Among Jurassic batoids, Kimmerobatis gen. nov. is most derived, but with derived characters being independently acquired compared to modern batoids (e.g. presence of a postpelvic process). The inclusion of whole bodied Jurassic fossils have generated a more resolved hypothesis of batoid evolution throughout the Cretaceous and into the Cenozoic.     

歧口凹陷歧北斜坡白云岩演化规律研究

在古近系沙河街组沙一段沉积期,为歧口凹陷最大湖扩期,在西南部整体古地理为宽缓的湖湾环境,气候潮湿温暖,物源供给较弱,在这种条件下,该地区发育大面积的碳酸盐岩沉积,以白云岩夹油页岩互层分布为特征。利用歧北斜坡两口重点井的岩心资料,对该区内的白云岩演化特征进行分析。研究表明,湖平面的升降决定了古地理环境,直接影响了白云岩发育的类型。歧北高斜坡区,水体较中斜坡浅,自下而上发育生屑灰岩、微晶云岩、灰质云岩、云质灰岩,表明古地理环境由粒屑滩—局限洼地—湖湾的演化过程;而在歧北中斜坡区,位于港西凸起周缘,早期主要为浅滩环境,发育灰质云岩和云质灰岩,向上过渡为微晶云岩、泥质云岩、泥岩,湖平面的多次升降,决定了该区古地理环境由浅滩—局限洼地—湖湾—半深湖的演化过程。通过地质钻探,该区在部分区域的白云岩已发现油层,证明该区白云岩储集层具有良好油气潜力,白云岩储集层已成为歧口凹陷古近系非常规油气增储的重要领域之一。