江陵凹陷南斜坡新沟嘴组下段薄互层滩坝砂储层预测技术

江陵凹陷南斜坡古近系新沟嘴组下段岩性岩相变化大,储层厚度薄,岩性圈闭的识别难度大。此次针对凹陷南斜坡金家场三维区,以古地貌与成藏分析为基础,以砂组或单砂层为单元,以薄互层砂体预测为核心,以地震地质复合微相为指导,建立了一套利用地震地质复合相控和地质统计学反演相结合的薄互层砂岩储层预测技术,开展了南斜坡地区的砂岩展布规律预测,为江陵凹陷新领域的油气勘探提供指导。     

太湖流域水污染控制与生态修复的研究与战略思考

为了探明太湖水体中胶体磷含量,更深入认识营养盐在大型浅水湖泊中的循环过程和机理,分别从太湖的梅梁湾和贡湖湾两个不同类型的湖区采集水样,利用切向流超滤方法分离出胶体物质,对太湖水体中胶体磷含量进行了初步研究．结果表明:太湖水体春季胶体磷含量在0．017-0．029 mg／L间,其中梅梁湾藻型湖区胶体磷含量范围是0 023- 0．029 mg／L,贡湖湾草型湖区胶体磷含量在0．017-0．022 mg／L间．梅梁湾水体胶体磷占总磷比例平均为28．6%;而贡湖湾胶体磷占总磷比例平均达到39．3%．梅梁湾水体真溶解态磷含量显著高于贡湖湾水体,达贡湖湾的4倍．与澳大利亚的17个湖泊相比,太湖属胶体磷含量偏低的湖泊,但相对于海洋的研究结果,太湖胶体磷含量明显偏高．     

Geochemical evidence (C,N and Pb isotopes) of recent anthropogenic impact in south‐central Chile from two environmentally distinct lake sediment records

In this paper, we compare the elemental and isotopic (C, N, Pb) geochemistry of lake sediments from two contrasted environments in south‐central Chile. The first lake, Laguna Chica de San Pedro (LCSP), is situated in the urbanised area of the Biobio Region (36°S). The second lake, Lago Puyehue (40° S), is located 400 km to the southeast of LCSP and within an Andean national park. Our aim is to identify environmental impacts associated with increasing industrial activities and land degradation during the last 150 a. In LCSP, shifts in C/N atomic ratios, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N from 1915–1937 to the late 1980s are attributed to successive land degradation episodes in the lake watershed. Based on a Pb isotopic mixing model, we estimate that up to 20% of lead in LCSP sediments is supplied from urban atmospheric pollution. By contrast, human impact in the watershed of Lago Puyehue is very limited. We observe no change in organic geochemistry during the last 150 a and lead contamination remains lower than 5%, even during the last decades. Although contamination levels are much higher in LCSP than in Lago Puyehue, a peak in anthropogenic Pb is recorded during the same period (1974–1976) at both sites. This maximum contamination level is consistent with increased industrial activity in the vicinity of Concepción. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

察尔汗盐湖察尔汗二级补给系统S3盐层晶间卤水中KCl的分异特征、富集规律及其成因

据ＫＣｌ含量的概率分布特征,晶间卤水分为７个总体。晶间卤水ＫＣｌ,在三级系统内水平分异有２种、剖面分异有５种,二级系统内水平分异呈环带状、剖面分异形式为三级系统内分异形式的组合,垂直分异有１３种;富集的总体为Ⅳ（ｋｃｌ）、Ⅲ（ｋｃｌ）用Ｖ（ｋｃｌ）、三级系统为（８）和（１０）号、部位为固相钾高含处;分异及富集的成因主要为晶间卤水的阶段性淡化。     

灰色～周期外延组合模型在吉兰太盐湖卤水动态预测中的应用

本文利用灰色预测和周期外延预测模型的优点,提出了灰色预测与周期外延预测相结合的灰色～周期外延组合模型,对吉兰太盐湖卤水的动态变化进行了模拟,结果可靠,该模型可广泛应用地下水动态预测和其它序列预测。     

堰塞坝坝体材料渗流特性研究现状及展望

目前,国内外对地震堰塞坝体稳定性的研究较多,但多数为个例研究。在影响坝体稳定性的众因素中,堰塞坝体的材料组成及其渗透特性对坝体破坏模式有重要的决定作用。本文在前人研究的基础上,从渗流的基本规律、数值模拟、室内试验3个方面总结了针对堰塞坝坝体材料渗流的机理和研究方法。重点分析总结了堰塞坝坝体材料渗透性的研究进展,指出几何条件和水力条件共同决定土体发生渗透变形和渗透稳定性。最后分析了目前针对坝体材料渗透研究存在的问题,提出未来可能的研究方向。     

Lake Floor Morphology and Sediment Architecture of Lake Torneträsk,Northern Sweden

Here we present datasets from a hydroacoustic survey in July 2011 at Lake Torneträsk, northern Sweden. Our hydroacoustic data exhibit lake floor morphologies formed by glacial erosion and accumulation processes, insights into lacustrine sediment accumulation since the beginning of deglaciation, and information on seismic activity along the Pärvie Fault. Features of glacial scouring with a high‐energy relief, steep slopes, and relative reliefs of more than 50 m are observed in the large W‐basin. The remainder of the lacustrine subsurface appears to host a broad variety of well preserved formations from glacial accumulation related to the last retreat of the Fennoscandian ice sheet. Deposition of glaciolacustrine and lacustrine sediments is focused in areas situated in proximity to major inlets. Sediment accumulation in distal areas of the lake seldom exceeds 2 m or is not observable. We assume that lack of sediment deposition in the lake is a result of different factors, including low rates of erosion in the catchment, a previously high lake level leading to deposition of sediments in higher elevated paleodeltas, tributaries carrying low suspension loads as a result of sedimentation in upstream lakes, and an overall low productivity in the lake. A clear off‐shore trace of the Pärvie Fault could not be detected from our hydroacoustic data. However, an absence of sediment disturbance in close proximity to the presumed fault trace implies minimal seismic activity since deposition of the glaciolacustrine and lacustrine sediments.     

沧东—南皮凹陷孔店期古盐度与古环境演化

内陆封闭湖泊的盐度与湖平面具有同步反向变化的特点,通过古盐度研究可推测沉积时期的古气候状况。通过Sr/Ba、Th/U含量比值及C、O同位素的含量变化分析,对沧东—南皮凹陷孔店期各层序古盐度的变化进行系统研究,结合孢粉及岩性组合,推断该区孔店期的水体性质及各层序间古环境的演化。综合认为孔店期整体水体性质为半咸—微咸水,水体深度呈浅→深→浅的变化规律,古气候变化特征为半干旱→湿润→半干旱→干旱气候。     

巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊与地下水的补给来源及化学组成(英文)

Based on the analysis of ion chemical composition of lake water and shallow groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert, this paper discussed the characteristics of ion chemical composition, spatial variation of lake water, and possible supply sources of lake water and groundwater in the desert areas. The results show that the pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity of the lake water are greater than those of groundwater. The ion con-tents of water samples are dominated by Na+ and Cl?. Most of the higher salinity lakes are Na (K)-Cl-(SO4) type, and a few of low salinity lakes belong to the Na-(Mg)-(Ca)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) type. Most of the groundwater is Na-(Ca)-(Mg)-Cl-(SO4)-(HCO3) type, attributed to subsaline lake, and only a few present the Na-Cl-SO4 type, flowing under saline lake. The pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity in the southeastern lakes are relatively low, and there are slightly alkaline lakes. The pH, salinity, TDS and electrical conductivity in the northern lakes are much greater than those of the southeastern lakes, and the northern lakes are moderately alkaline and saline ones. In the southeastern part of the Badain Jaran Desert, the ion chemical characteristics of the lake water from south to north show a changing trend of sub-saline →saline→hypersaline. The changing trend of chemical compositions of ions in recent 9 years indicates that most of the ion contents have a shade of reduction in Boritaolegai, Badain, Nuoertu and Huhejilin lakes, which state clearly that the amount of fresh water supply is increasing in the 9-year period. The ion chemical composition of the lake water reveals that the flow direction of lake water is from southeast to northwest in the Badain Jaran Desert. The ion chemical composition, moisture content of sand layer water level height and hierarchical cluster analysis of the lake water and groundwater demonstrate that the lake water is mainly supplied by local rainfall and infiltration of precipitation in Yabulai Mountains and Heishantou Mountain, and the supply from the Qilian Mountains is almost impossible.     

洱海湖滨带冬季水鸟的水质指示作用

水鸟在物种或群落水平上可以对湿地营养状态有所响应,预警生态系统有害的改变.以大型淡水湖泊洱海为例,基于2015年2月沿岸17个观察点的冬季水鸟调查与水质同步监测,研究小(Podiceps ruficollis)、白骨顶(Fulica atra)和黑水鸡(Gallinula chloropus)密度对沿岸水体中总磷和总氮浓度的响应关系.结果发现白骨顶和小密度均与总氮浓度呈显著正相关,也均与总磷浓度呈显著正相关;黑水鸡密度与总氮和总磷浓度无显著相关性.结果表明,水鸟可以在物种水平上对洱海湖滨带水中营养物质变化有所响应,也强调了根据具体指示物种的生态学习性选择水鸟指示物种尤为重要.白骨顶和小在更大空间和时间尺度上的水质指示作用有待于更多湖泊或水库水体的长期相关研究.