21世纪中国大型工程与工程地质问题

近些年来,我国的国民经济一直是以每年10%以上的速度增长,由此可以预测:随着我国经济欣欣向荣的高速发展,到21世纪将有许多大型工程逐步上马、走向世界大工程的行列。为此,我国的工程地质工作者应先行研究:大型工程前期的工程地质可行性论证。工程开拓期间可能遇到的工程地质难题和新题；工程竣工后的环境工程地质预测及防治等问题,为未来的大型工程设计与施工提供可靠的工程地质依据。     

青海囊谦古近纪盆地沉积特征及沉积环境分析

囊谦盆地是在藏东北段沿金沙江-红河构造带分布着一系列呈NNW向展布的中小型古近纪盆地的典型代表.通过野外地质调查、分析测试和室内综合研究,在盆地演化的格架内,系统分析了囊谦盆地贡觉组古气候、沉积相标志、物源以及沉积环境等方面的特征,认为贡觉组可划分为三段式结构,沉积环境为冲积扇-河流-湖泊-三角洲环境;砾石成分较复杂,...     

地热学向何处去

Based on the State-of-the-Art of Geothermics both at home and abroad,the question of "Where to go, Geothermics" has been answered in this paper. Author suggested that the Geothermicsin the future should go to:1)the deep interior of the Earth,2) the continental area,3 ) the atmosphere,4)the energy problem,5) the mining areas, 6) the oil一gas fields and finally,7) to earthquake prediclion. With the increasing demand for energy and mineral resources and under the pressure of environmental and hazard problems, Geothermics is also being experienced a stage of revolution. There exist opportunity and challenge. We should use the opportunity and face the challenge optimistically for thefurther development of Geothermics in various aspects.     

黑河下游额济纳地区的环境演变

通过对水系变迁的分析,勾画了黑河下游额济纳地区环境变化的大体框架。黑河下游额济纳地区的环境变迁,演绎了西北干旱地区普遍存在的水系溯源退缩过程。在地质历史时期,这种溯源退缩主要原因是地质运动和气候变化,而近代、现代人类不合理的水土资源开发活动加速了河流水系的溯源退缩,并在一定程度上超过了自然因素的作用。巴丹吉林沙漠曾经是黑河下游的冲积湖积平原。那么如果绿洲消失,额济纳三角洲就有可能再现巴丹吉林沙漠的形成过程,形成新的"额济纳沙漠"。在第四纪早期,额济纳盆地存在两个水流系统,且气候环境较为温暖潮湿;随后两个水流系统逐渐合并,区域气候亦有变干变暖的趋势;至第四纪晚期,气候更加干旱,现代水文网定型。东西居延海不是黑河流域的终端湖,在地质历史上属于黑河流域下游的河道湖。随着黑河水系不断地溯源萎缩,东西居延海及居延泽也存在着一个逐步缩小的过程,并在近现代演变为尾闾湖。显然,东西居延海作为尾闾湖只是一个很短暂的时期。     

What happens after climate change adaptation projects end: A community-based approach to ex-post assessment of adaptation projects

Over the last decade, hundreds of climate change adaptation projects have been funded and implemented. Despite the importance of these first-generation adaptation projects for establishing funders and implementors’ “best practices,” very little is known about how early adaptation projects have endured, to what ends, and for whom. In this article, I propose a community-based methodology for ex-post assessment of climate change adaptation projects. This methodology contributes to recognitional justice by asking the individuals and collectives tasked with sustaining adaptation initiatives to define adaptation success and what criteria for success should be assessed. I apply this subjective assessment approach in 10 communities across Ecuador that participated in an internationally funded adaptation project that concluded in 2015. My analysis draws together participatory mapping, walking interviews with local leaders, participant observation, and surveys with former project participants. The results highlight that even adaptation projects that were deemed highly successful at their closure have uncertain futures. I find that the sustainability mechanisms that were envisioned by project implementors have not functioned, and communities are shouldering the burden of reviving failing adaptation interventions. These findings highlight that the current model of episodic funding for climate change adaptation projects and evaluation processes needs to be revisited to acknowledge the long-term challenges faced by communities. This analysis also calls attention to the importance of ex-post assessment for adaptation projects and the potential of subjective assessment approaches for building more ontological and epistemological pluralism in understandings of successful climate change adaptation.     

卫星遥感监测城市扩展与环境变化的研究

本文阐述应用北京地区自１９８４年至１９９２年４景秋季的ＴＭ图像，通过高精度几何配准，辐射水准归一化，热图像条纹噪声消除，各种干扰因素的识别．压抑、剔除，目标信息的增强、提取，以及背景影像的生成等图像应用处理，直接获得试区８年间城镇建设用地、绿地、水体，城市热岛等环境要素变化动态，快速制出客观反映城市扩展变化的系列图件。