渤海湾青鳞鱼和斑两种鱼卵及仔鱼的比较研究

应用1979年6月－1980年8月渤海湾环境调查中的青鳞鱼及斑卵和仔鱼资料，以几种数学方法对其早期发育阶段的形态及分布特征进行初步探讨。结果表明，两种鱼的各期卵径、卵黄径均差异显著；两种仔鱼体形相似，但在卵黄吸收殆尽前后体形均有较大的变化；它们的体高、头长、标准长、肛前长，眼径之间两两显著相关，仔鱼从Ⅰ期到Ⅱ变化的是一些大长度量，而肛前和肛后肌节数变化不大。两种鱼卵及仔鱼皆出现在整个海区，青鳞鱼产卵期为4－9月，盛期为5－7月；斑产于5－8月，盛期在5－6月。从鱼卵到仔鱼的发育过程中，青鳞负有离岸移动趋向，斑有向岸移动趋势。     

Obelia (Cnidaria,Hydrozoa, Campanulariidae): a microphagous,filter‐feeding medusa

Obelia is used in many zoology textbooks to exemplify the Hydrozoa life cycle. The body plan of Obelia medusae, however, is unique among the Hydrozoa. Contrary to all other hydromedusae, Obelia medusae do not derive from a medusary nodule, have neither a velum nor a subumbrellar cavity, the umbrella is flat, and swimming is achieved by umbrellar flapping and does not involve jet propulsion. The medusae of most Obelia species do not grow well on a diet of Artemia salina nauplii, the usual food for laboratory‐reared hydrozoans, and their rearing is often difficult. Previous observations reported that Obelia medusae might eat phytoplankton, driven to the mouth by movements of both the bell and the tentacles. To evaluate the efficiency of this feeding mechanism, we gave a suspension of genetically modified Escherichia coli expressing GFP to starved, newly released medusae of both O. dichotoma and Clytia hemisphaerica (the other campanulariid genus with medusae). Obelia medusae are able to concentrate bacteria in their gastric cavity, whereas Clytia medusae are not. Contrary to other Hydromedusae that are macrophagous, Obelia is a microphagous and filter‐feeding medusa, at least at the onset of its medusan life. As Cnidaria evolved before their current metazoan prey, their ancestral diet was probably microphagous. Obelia’s microphagous feeding habits could thus represent an example of the ancestral feeding condition in Cnidaria, but the apomorphic characters of its medusa suggest that its body architecture is not ancestral, and that its microphagy evolved relatively recently.     

渤海■虎鱼类的生物学调查——关于区系分布与生态学基础的研究

虾虎鱼类Ｇｏｂｉｏｉｄｅｉ是包括弹涂鱼科Ｐｅｒｉｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｉｄａｅ、鳗虾虎鱼科Ｔａｅｎｉｏｉｄｉｄａｅ等在内的一群小型鱼类。全世界计有约１７２０种左右，全国有１６１种海水虾虎鱼类，其中有２０种分布于渤海，这次调查共采到１９种，其中有２种系黄海边缘分布，为渤海首次记录。本文报告了虾虎鱼类在渤海水域的名录，分布和生态学特征，分析了它们在渤海生态系中的作用，特别是对增殖放流对虾的影响     

广州市内环路对城市环境影响评价

对广州市内环路工程进行分析,以内环路沿线地区为重点研究区域,根据内环路高架桥的设计与内环路沿线生态景观现状,从城市整体景观与生态角度出发,对内环路对广州市城市生态景观影响作出评价。认为广州市内环路工程对广州市城市生态景观影响有：1．内环路建设塑造了广州市中心区城市新景观;2．破坏局部地段现有的视觉景观及生态环境;3．由于高架路对阳光的遮蔽作用,日照环境质量总体水平比内环路时下降,改变了沿线植物生态系统结构。     

花鲈仔稚幼鱼的形态特征及其生态习性的研究

对人工育苗条件下花鲈仔、稚、幼鱼发育过程中的形态特征变化及生态习性进行了观察,结果表明,孵后７～９日龄,卵黄囊消失;３６日龄左右,奇鳍膜开始分化;５６日龄左右,开始出现鳞片;８５日龄左右,鳞片覆盖全身。随着形态特征的变化,与之相适应的习性也发生了变化。     

城镇群体空间关系的生态学透视——以珠江三角洲为例

对城镇群体概念进行了辨析,基于生态学理论提出城镇群体是具有个体、种群、群落3种基本空间组织状态,由"人"与"地" 二元构素组成的复杂"人-地"生态系统.据此阐述了城镇群体按照3种基本空间组织状态与二元构素划分的空间关系基本类型.分析了集聚与扩散、增长与演替、遗传与突变(应激)、共生与竞争、寄生(绞杀)与袭夺等城镇群体空间关系的行为方式.以珠江三角洲为例进行了城镇群体空间关系的区域实证研究.     

1997年底中国东南沿海大规模赤潮原因生物的形态分类与生态学特征

１９９７年１１月底和１２月１９￣２５日对同年１１月中我晨至１２月底发生于广东饶平 和枯林湾及南澳岛周围海域的大规模赤的生物学、生态学及其危害进行了调查,研究表明,此次赤潮的原因生物是棕囊藻Ｐｈａｅｏｃｙｓｔｉｓ ｐｏｕｃｈｅｔｉｉ。这种赤潮生物在其生活史中有游泳单细胞和群体胶质囊２个生活阶段。游泳单细胞为球形或卵圆形,大小为６．０￣７．２μｍ,有２根不等长的鞭毛和１根定鞭丝。嫩体胶质囊为球形或近球     

Microbial spatial variability: An example from the Celtic Sea

In July 2004, dominant populations of microbial ultraplankton (<5 μm), in the surface of the Celtic Sea (between UK and Eire), were repeatedly mapped using flow cytometry, at 1.5 km resolution over a region of diameter 100 km. The numerically dominant representatives of all basic functional types were enumerated including one group of phototrophic bacteria (Syn), two groups of phytoplankton (PP, NP), three groups of heterotrophic bacterioplankton (HB) and the regionally dominant group of heterotrophic protists (HP).The distributions of all organisms showed strong spatial variability with little relation to variability in physical fields such as salinity and temperature. Furthermore, there was little agreement between distributions of different organisms. The only linear correlation consistently explaining more than 50% of the variance between any pairing of the organism groups enumerated is between two different groups of HB. Specifically, no linear, or non-linear, relationship is found between any pairings of SYB, PP or HB groups with their protist predators HP. Looking for multiple dependencies, factor analysis reveals three groupings: Syn, PP and low nucleic acid content HB (LNA); high nucleic acid content HB (HNA); HP and NP. Even the manner in which the spatial variability of Syn, PP and HB abundance varies as a function of lengthscale (represented by a semivariogram) differs significantly from that for HP. In summary, although all microbial planktonic groups enumerated are present and numerically dominant throughout the region studied, at face value the relationships between them seem weak.Nevertheless, the behaviour of a simple, illustrative ecological model, with strongly interacting phototrophs and heterotrophs, with stochastic forcing, is shown to be consistent with the observed poor correlations and differences in how spatial variability varies with lengthscale. Thus, our study suggests that a comparison of microbial abundances alone may not discern strong underlying trophic interactions. Specific knowledge of these processes, in particular grazing, will be required to explain the causes of the observed microbial spatial variability and its resulting consequences for the functioning of the ecosystem.     

“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”研究进展

介绍国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（“973”项目）“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”的研究背景和主要研究内容,即以我国赤潮高发区东海作为主要研究海域,重点开展重要有害赤潮种的生物学特征及生态适应策略研究;近海赤潮高发区有害赤潮与富营养化的关系研究;近海赤潮高发区有害赤潮生消关键物理过程、数值模拟与预测研究;有害赤潮的危害机理及防治机理研究等。简要报道了项目通过现场综合航次获得的东海大规模赤潮发生前后水文、化学和生物学等诸多要素的变化特征,以及结合实验室模拟研究,在探索重要赤潮生物种群变化的动力学过程及其调控机理等方面取得的进展。另外,对项目的研究前景进行了展望。