Cometary outbursts – the post-Deep Impact outlook on collisions as possible causes

The possibility of impacts between comets belonging to the Jupiter Family and other small bodies orbiting in the main asteroid belt, and the consequences in relation to cometary activity are discussed. The probability of such events and the jumps in cometary brightness caused by impacts are examined. The results are compared with the results of the Deep Impact mission to Comet 9P/Tempel 1. The main conclusion of this paper is in agreement with previous findings, namely that an impact mechanism cannot be the main cause of the outburst activity of comets.     

XMM-Newton observations of the isolated neutron star 1RXS J214303.7+065419/RBS1774

We report XMM-Newton observations of the isolated neutron star RBS1774 and confirm its membership as an XDINS. The X-ray spectrum is best fit with an absorbed blackbody with temperature kT=101 eV and absorption edge at 0.7 keV. No power law component is required. An absorption feature in the RGS data at 0.4 keV is not evident in the EPIC data, but it is not possible to resolve this inconsistency. The star is not seen in the UV OM data to m _AB ∼21. There is a sinusoidal variation in the X-ray flux at a period of 9.437 s with an amplitude of 4%. The age as determined from cooling and magnetic field decay arguments is 10⁵–10⁶ yr for a neutron star mass of 1.35–1.5 M_⊙.      

盐度调控对花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)生长相关基因表达的影响

生长激素受体(GHR)作为GH/IGF轴的中心环节,在内分泌调控中发挥重要作用。本实验采用c DNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)技术克隆出花鲈GHR1和GHR2的c DNA全长序列。急性低盐度调控实验设为海水组、半海水组和淡水组。测定了急性低盐度调控24、48、96、144、192h后,花鲈肝脏中GHRs、IGF-1及垂体GH表达情况。结果表明,GHR1 c DNA全长序列2436bp,编码637个氨基酸;GHR2 c DNA全长序列2940bp,编码582个氨基酸。GHR1与GHR2由信号肽、胞外区、跨膜区、胞内区组成,且结构存在差异。脑、肾、鳃中GHR1表达明显高于GHR2;而在肌肉、垂体、肝脏、盲肠、胸腺、心脏中,GHR2表达明显高于GHR1。24h时,各组GHR1表达不变,GHR2、GH、IGF-1显著下降。之后,相对于海水组,淡水组和半海水组GHRs和IGF-1表达升高,而GH下降,GH与GHR负相关。据结果推测,花鲈GHR2可能为SL受体,GH/IGF轴参与低渗调控可能是通过增加GHRs,进而激活下游IGF-1表达而实现。     

基于HJ-1A高光谱的黄河口碱蓬和柽柳盖度反演模型研究

碱蓬和柽柳是黄河口湿地典型的盐生植物类型,是多种保护珍禽的主要栖息地,具有景观尺度较小、分布广且多混生的特点。应用覆盖黄河口北部潮滩的HJ-1A高光谱遥感影像,基于现场测量的端元光谱和从遥感影像中使用顺序最大角凸锥法(SAMCC)自动提取的端元光谱,应用线性光谱分解法(LSU)、正交子空间投影法(OSP)、匹配滤波法(MF)、最小能量约束法(CEM)和自适应一致估计法(ACE)5种不同光谱解混方法进行混合像元光谱解混,对比两种方法得到的端元光谱分别对碱蓬和柽柳盖度的反演能力,并给出相应的反演模型。结果显示:(1)现场测量端元光谱取得了较好的碱蓬和柽柳盖度反演结果,其中应用LSU方法的光谱解混结果与现场测量盖度的决定系数对于碱蓬和柽柳分别达到了0.88和0.95;(2)两种端元获取方式的光谱解混结果中,LSU和OSP方法均获得了较高的相关性,ACE解混方法的相关性都最低;(3)SAMCC方法提取端元光谱对柽柳的分解结果与现场测量盖度的相关性远高于碱蓬。     

荔湾3-1外输海底管道中落管抛石技术

落管抛石是进行深水抛石的一种工程技术,可作为保证管道稳定性、处理悬跨、抑制隆起屈曲和进行跨越支撑的工程解决方案。系统研究了抛石在波流作用下的稳定性,落石对管道冲击的影响以及施工技术。针对南海环境条件下的抛石稳定理论进行了修正;分析了三层聚丙烯涂层管道在落石冲击下的可接受抛石粒径;提出同时结合石块稳定性结果和管道抗冲击性能要求下的石料分级的方法;最后,对该技术在荔湾3-1外输海底管道的工程应用进行详细阐述。     

SBAS技术支持下的临沧市地表时序形变分析

SBAS监测技术作为微波遥感技术,通过最小二乘或奇异值分解的方法,对多个构成三角网的干涉对进行干涉处理,从而得到某个地区的时间序列形变规律。本文使用SBAS技术对覆盖临沧市2019年2月—2020年7月的30景Sentinel-1A雷达数据进行处理。通过剖面和时间序列分析方法对该区域进行分析,研究其地表沉降成因和规律,以此判断该地区是否存在地质灾害的隐患区域,为临沧市以后的防灾减灾工作提供参考意见。     

基于珞珈一号与DMSP/OLS数据的辽宁省城市空间扩张分析

基于珞珈一号和DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,提取辽宁省城市空间用地信息并监测分析了2003—2018年城市空间扩张特征。结果表明:1)利用辽宁省DMSP/OLS长时间序列夜间灯光数据提出了一种适合校正长时间序列DMSP/OLS数据的校正方法,提高了数据的连续性和可对比性;2)弥补了统计数据在空间属性的不足,消除了过去单纯依靠统计数据分析城市空间扩张的弊端,为其他省市分析城市扩张提供新的遥感监测分析方法;3)在2003—2018年间,辽宁省城市空间扩张存在城市空间扩张与南方省份相比发展比较缓慢及协调性欠佳等问题。     

Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of Lower Permian P1f source rocks in the Fengcheng area,northwest margin,Junggar Basin,NW China: implications for tight oil accumulation potential assessment

Combined with the actual geological settings, tight oil is the oil that occurs in shale or tight reservoirs, which has permeability less than 1 mD and is interbedded with or close to shale, including tight dolomitic oil and shale oil. The Fengcheng area (FA), at the northwest margin of the Junggar Basin, northwest China, has made significant progress in the tight oil exploration of the Fengcheng (P₁f) Formation recently, which indicates that the tight oil resources have good exploration prospects. Whereas the lack of recognition of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of Permian P₁f source rocks results in the misunderstanding of tight oil resource potential. Based on the comprehensive analysis of geological and geochemical characteristics of wells, seismic inversion, sedimentary facies, tectonic burial depth, etc., the characteristics of P₁f source rocks were investigated, and the horizontal distributions of the following aspects were predicted: the thickness of source rocks, abundance and type of organic matter. And on this basis, an improved hydrocarbon generation potential methodology together with basin simulation techniques was applied to unravel the petroleum generation and expulsion characteristics of P₁f source rocks in FA. Results show that the P₁f source rocks distribute widely (up to 2039 km²), are thick (up to 260 m), have high total organic content (TOC, ranging from 0.15 to 4 wt%), are dominated by type II kerogen and have entered into low mature–mature stage. The modeling results indicate that the source rocks reached hydrocarbon generation threshold and hydrocarbon expulsion threshold at 0.5% Ro and 0.85% Ro and the comprehensive hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency was about 46%. The amount of generation and expulsion from the P₁f source rocks was 31.85 × 10⁸ and 15.31 × 10⁸ t, respectively, with a residual amount of 16.54 × 10⁸ t within the source rocks. Volumetrically, the geological resource of shale oil is up to 15.65 × 10⁸ t. Small differences between the amounts calculated by the volumetric method compared with that by hydrocarbon generation potential methodology may be due to other oil accumulations present within interbedded sands associated with the oil shales. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型GPS探空仪与业务GTS1 2探空仪对比分析

2012年8月,中国气象局气象探测中心在广东阳江开展自动探空系统新型GPS探空仪比对试验,对比分析其技术改进后的准确性,试验结果表明：温度测量性明显优于GTS1 2型探空仪。湿度测量结果与RS92型探空仪一致性较好,系统误差在15%RH内,标准偏差在12%RH内。气压系统误差全量程在±10 hPa内,标准偏差在08 hPa内。位势高度系统误差在±20 gpm以内,标准偏差在70 gpm内。GPS定位测风性能优于GTS1 2型探空仪配合L波段二次测风雷达测风性能结果。