山西地震带历史地震序列的极大熵谱分析

综述了极大熵谱分析的原理及Burg递推算法,选取应变能∑E_1~(1/2)地震活动度∑A_1为采样序列,对三个时段的资料进行了极大熵谱分析。结果表明;两个序列所得结果较为一致。山西地震带中强震活动和华北中强震活动同步变化,且主要受321年和347年显著周期控制。其35年和66年短周期活动与太阳活动和地球自转31年和60年长周期较接近,表明地震活动在总体上受太阳活动与地球自转速率变化控制,短周期成份反映了发生地震地区应力场能量积累和释放的特点。     

地震地面运动的转动随机模型

In this paper, the characteristics of rotational power spectra in different sites are analyzed according to the relationship between the rotations and translations of ground motion from the elastic wave theory, and then the unified mathematical model of the spectra (including the torsion and rocking) is presented. Through the use of a lot of earthquake records and curve-fitting of the least square method, the statistical results of rotational power spectral parameters in defferent sites are given.     

宁夏鸳鸯湖电厂空冷气象条件分析

通过在宁夏鸳鸯湖电厂建立气温、风向、风速60 m梯度及地面观测站,与邻近的灵武市气象站展开为期一年的同步观测,获得实地观测资料。利用两地同步气象观测资料进行对比分析,揭示出电厂所在地气候特点。同时结合灵武市气象站1971~2000年观测资料,采用相关性分析方法,订正得到电厂地面历年气象要素特征值。结果表明,电厂风向和风速特征明显有别于邻近的灵武市气象站。分析结果主要用于该地火电厂空冷系统的安装与安全运行。     

数字地震台电源管理的特点和维护要点

通过对数字地震台供电系统的需求进行分析,提出了适合于野外观测台站的电源管理模式,指出了供电系统的日常维护要点和具体方法。     

混沌功率谱熵方法在识别水淹低阻油层中的应用

储集层孔隙度和电阻率曲线间微差形态波形的复杂程度隐含着储集层含油气性的信息,可以用混沌动力学系统加以刻划。油层相空间庞加莱截面明显具有自相似结构,呈现混沌特性;而水淹层和水层的相空间庞加莱截面显示,其混沌性呈显著减弱之势,系统趋于简单有序。其功率谱密度不论水淹程度如何,整体为一随频率增大其能量按指数递减连续频谱;随水淹程度逐渐减弱,递减幅度减小,整体能量逐渐降低,某些频率成分被吸收削弱,由光滑状逐渐演变成锯齿起伏状,其功率谱熵逐渐增大。基于测井信息的混沌特征和功率谱熵特征识别水淹层的方法,对利用传统测井解释理论判别比较困难的低阻油层有较强的识别能力。     

湖北省降水量的周期分析

结合降水量对农业生产的影响特点将全年降水量分成５个阶段,根据聚类分析的结果将不同的时段的降水量进行分区,由此对全省的降水量做自相关分析和功率谱分析,从而发现了降水量的变化周期。     

地脉动及特殊波形的频谱特性在地震预报中的应用

利用功率谱和Ｓｏｍｐｉ谱分析方法,对大震前地脉动及震前特殊波形等记录进行了比较深入的研究,结果表明：（１）较大地震前短周期地脉动及震前特殊波形频谱的峰值频率ｆｍ,拐角频率ｆｃ相对频带宽度△ｆ相对峰值Ｓｍ／Ｓ０,高频段的斜率绝对值│ｂ│及Ｓｏｍｐｉ谱的卓越频率ｆｄ等特征量均可能出呈现出较明显的下降（少数为上升）异常变化。（２）各频谱特征量呈现异常的时间基本上同步,并与波速异常发展趋势基本相符,（３）     

关于我国电力建设问题

本文在分析我国能源资源分布特点,总结过去电力建设经验的基础上,通过水、火电全面经济效益比较,认为,在我国具体的国情和国力条件下,今后必须贯彻优先开发水能的方针,并提出了因地制宜发展水电建设应注意做好的四项工作。     

Power capture performance of an oscillating-body WEC with nonlinear snap through PTO systems in irregular waves

Compared with solar and wind energy, wave energy is a kind of renewable resource which is enormous and still under development. In order to utilize the wave energy, various types of wave energy converters (WECs) have been proposed and studied. And oscillating-body WEC is widely used for offshore deployment. For this type of WEC, the oscillating motion of the floater is converted into electricity by the power take off (PTO) system, which is usually mathematically simplified as a linear spring and a damper. The linear PTO system is characteristic of frequency-dependent response and the energy absorption is less powerful for off resonance conditions. Thus a nonlinear snap through PTO system consisting of two symmetrically oblique springs and a linear damper is applied. A nonlinear parameter γ is defined as the ratio of half of the horizontal distance between the two oblique springs to the original length of both springs. JONSWAP spectrum is utilized to generate the time series of irregular waves. Time domain method is used to establish the motion equation of the oscillating-body WEC in irregular waves. And state space model is applied to replace the convolution term in the time domain motion equation. Based on the established motion equation, the motion response of both the linear and nonlinear WEC is numerically calculated using 4th Runge–Kutta method, after which the captured power can be obtained. Then the influences of wave parameters such as peak frequency, significant wave height, damping coefficient of the PTO system and the nonlinear parameter γ on the power capture performance of the nonlinear WEC is discussed in detail. Results show that compared with linear PTO system, the nonlinear snap through PTO system can increase the power captured by the oscillating body WEC in irregular waves.     

The PISA grammar decodes diverse human–environment approaches

Human–environment interactions are studied by several groups of scholars who have elaborated different approaches to describe, analyze, and explain these interactions, and eventually propose paths for management. The SETER project (Socio-Ecological Theories and Empirical Research) analyzed and compared how “flag-holders” of distinct school of thought in human–environment scholarship approached a number of empirical problems of environmental management. This paper presents the findings from this experiment by concentrating on how representatives of four schools of thought approached one of these case studies: the plant health crisis in greenhouse tomato production in south of France. Our analysis suggests that these approaches share a common conceptual vocabulary composed of four explanatory elements of change (Power, Incentives, System and Adaptation-PISA). We argue that what distinguishes these schools from one another is the syntax—the “rules” by which researchers in each of the sub-disciplines tend to organize the components of this shared conceptual vocabulary. In other words, the schools under scrutiny are differentiated not so much by what they speak of, but rather in what order, or hierarchy, do they tend to rank the importance and/or the sequence of each of these concepts in human–environment explanations. The results of our experiment support the view that communication and cooperation across the diverse human–environment traditions is possible and productive. At the same time, however, we argue that it is the distinctiveness of the claims yielded by these different schools of thought that augment our collective understanding of complex socio-ecological problems. Attempts to integrate these perspectives in one unitary approach would undermine the intellectual wealth necessary to meet the challenges of the Anthropocene.