塔里木盆地寒武系层序地层格架

通过露头、钻测井及地震层序地层特征综合分析,建立了塔里木盆地寒武系三级层序地层格架,将寒武系划分出6个可全盆地追踪与对比的三级层序。结合反映全球海平面相对变化的全岩碳同位素旋回与反映沉积古水深相对变化的沉积旋回的对比分析,可将塔里木盆地寒武系三级层序分为主要受全球海平面变化控制形成的全球海平面层序(层序CSQ2、CSQ4、CSQ5、CSQ6)及主要受地区性构造沉降作用控制形成的构造层序(层序CSQ1、CSQ3)2类。塔北轮南地区寒武系台地边缘总体呈现由早寒武世的缓坡向中—晚寒武世的镶边台地的演变以及由西向东的进积叠置型式,推测主要与寒武纪全球海平面总体微弱下降及塔里木盆地基底沉降速率总体稳定且较小有关。     

对香山群时代的商榷

分布于宁夏中部的香山群划分为1~4个未命名的亚群,第一亚群中的薄层灰岩所含的三叶虫Holocephalites punctatus Zhou,Olenoides ningxiacus Zhou,Peronopsis ovalis Zhou组合时代为中寒武世,牙形石Furnishina asymmetrica Müller,F.furnishi Müller为晚寒武世,指示第一亚群的时代为中—晚寒武世。牙形石Cordylodus proavus Müller和Oistodiform分子在第二亚群的发现表明这个亚群的时代最可能属于晚寒武世—早奥陶世。然而,整个香山群的精确时代仍不能完全确定,因为它的第三亚群和第四亚群不是化石稀缺就是不含化石。     

华北地台西缘早-中寒武世过渡期核形石：微生物群落对浅海缺氧环境的响应*

地质记录表明在早-中寒武世过渡期发生了一次重要的生物灭绝事件,但对其成因的认识仍存在分歧。作者试图通过对华北地台该时段广泛发育的核形石微组构和矿化过程研究,揭示微生物群落对灾变事件和海洋环境变化的响应。研究发现核形石内富含细菌化石;包壳的微组构和有机矿化特征表明其形成于细菌硫酸盐还原(BSR)作用活跃的高碱度海水条件,密集的莓状黄铁矿微粒和异养细菌残余指示为缺氧环境;而沉积相分析显示核形石发育于浅海陆棚背景。研究认为,同期的核形石及其他可对比微生物岩不仅在华北广泛分布,在其他大陆和板块上也有良好记录,表明在这个生物灾变期浅海环境有广泛的微生物群爆发,并可能与大火成岩省喷发、全球气温升高以及深部缺氧海水向陆棚侵进引起的浅海广泛缺氧相关。早-中寒武世过渡期广泛发育的微生物岩可能记录了底栖动物大量灭绝后,微生物群在缺氧水体中的快速繁盛与生态扩张过程。     

贵州剑河寒武系黔东统杷榔组沉积环境 及生物地层再研究 ——以剑河交榜剖面为例

贵州剑河交榜剖面杷榔组顶底完整,三叶虫序列完整,产出掘头虫类三叶虫5属7种。其中Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron,1899,Changaspis elongata Lee in Chien,1961,Arthricocephalites jishouensis(Zhou in Zhou et al.),1977,3个种也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组,提供了三叶虫全球对比的重要信息。其中A.chauveaui在交榜剖面杷榔组底部4 m首现,延伸至近顶部278 m。交榜剖面杷榔组岩石地层、生物地层和年代地层研究信息表明该剖面更适合作杷榔组岩石地层标准剖面,该剖面应是A.chauveaui首现点位定义的都匀阶界线层型剖面。可能是全球寒武系第4阶具有竟争潜力的界线层型剖面。     

四川盆地下寒武统膏盐岩发育特征与封盖有效性分析

四川盆地下寒武统广泛发育一套膏盐岩,主要沉积于早寒武世龙王庙期。基于四川盆地深井及实测剖面中膏盐岩的识别和统计,发现下寒武统有川南和鄂西两大聚盐区,最厚达690.40m;川南聚盐区西部以含泥含云质石膏岩类和含膏砂泥岩类为主,东部及颚西聚盐区主要为含膏白云岩类。结合前人研究,认为膏盐岩发育于浅水缓坡沉积环境,有潮上萨布哈和缓坡蒸发两类成因。通过对川南聚盐区储盖匹配关系及后期构造与膏盐岩封盖性分析,表明下寒武统膏盐岩与盐下震旦系优质的白云岩储层在空间上具有良好的匹配关系;四川盆地边界大断裂及边界外寒武系的抬升暴露让膏盐岩在盆地外封盖性失效,而在盆地内膏盐岩的封盖性较好。威远气田解剖表明有膏盐岩分布的威远地区成藏,而无膏盐岩分布的资阳地区气藏被破坏,显示了下寒武统膏盐岩在四川盆地油气成藏中具有重要的作用。     

中祁连西段晚寒武世埃达克岩的发现及地质意义

乌尔格拉特岩体位于中祁连西段,由花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。花岗闪长岩锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为490.5±1.4 Ma(MSWD=0.85),侵位时代为晚寒武世。岩石中Si O2含量为65.10%~71.21%,Al2O3含量为14.94%~16.82%,Mg O含量为0.23%~1.24%,A/NKC为0.9~1.0,Na2O/K2O为1.01~2.33,属准铝质花岗岩类;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Ba、U和Sr),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti和P)和重稀土元素,其中Sr含量为345×10-6~541×10-6(平均402×10-6),Yb为0.72×10-6~1.19×10-6(平均0.97×10-6),Y为6.09×10-6~11.3×10-6(平均8.67×10-6),无铕异常(δEu=0.91~1.27),高Sr/Y值(32.6~74.3),具埃达克岩地球化学特征。结合区域地质背景,认为乌尔格拉特岩体形成于俯冲环境,为晚寒武世北祁连洋向中祁连地块俯冲的产物。     

鲁西寒武系凝块石特征及其形成机制的探讨

鲁西地区寒武纪地层分布广泛、出露连续,中寒武世张夏组和晚寒武世炒米店组均有凝块石产出。本文通过对该地区凝块石的野外观察和镜下鉴定,认为形成凝块石的微生物主要为附枝菌,其次是葛万菌、肾球菌和放射状菌,根据枝杈的直径大小、枝杈的细胞状分割结构及结晶程度等,附枝菌又可细分为:泥晶粗枝杈状、泥晶分段枝杈状、泥晶细枝杈状、微晶管状枝杈状和亮晶粗枝杈状。相应的群落也可划分为:泥晶树枝状、单个房室状、簇球状和亮晶树枝状。凝块石的凝块为附枝菌等蓝细菌钙化体和周围粘结的碳酸盐微粒所组成的团块,其按形态可分为:斑状、网状和树枝状。根据上述的研究,本文认为形成凝块石的理想过程可以分为4个阶段:蓝细菌的捕捉和粘结作用、蓝细菌自身钙化作用、碳酸盐的原地沉淀和沉积后作用。     

Early Cambrian Ichnofossils from the Mussoorie Syncline and revision of Trace Fossil Biozonation of the Lesser Himalaya,India

A new locality bearing ichnofossils of the Cruziana Assemblage Zone-Ⅲ from the Mussoorie syncline,Lesser Himalaya,is located in rocks of Member-B of the Dhaulagiri Formation,Tal Group,exposed along the Maldewta-Chhimoli fresh road cut section.The site yielded ichnofossils Bergaueria perata,Cochlichnus anguineus,？Diplocraterion isp.,Dimorphichnus obliquus,diplichnitiform Cruziana bonariensis,Diplichnites gouldi,Glockeria isp.,Helminthopsis isp.,Monomorphichnus lineatus,Phycodes palmatum,Palaeophycus striatus,Planolites beverleyensis,Planolites montanus,Treptichnus cf.T.pedum,scratch marks and an undetermined worm impression.An Early Cambrian age （Cambrian Series 2） is assigned to the ichnofossil-bearing strata based on the stratigraphic position between the Drepanuroides and Palaeoolenus trilobite zones.A revised Cambrian ichnofossil zonation is presented for the Tal Group of the Mussoorie syncline.Together with their occurrence on rippled surfaces,and the lateral displacement of some trackways （due to current action）,a sub-aqueous shallow-marine depositional setting is proposed for the rocks of Member-B.     

琼东定安翰林地区晚寒武世地层的厘定及其地质意义

蒙花岭组是新建的岩石地层单位,指定蒙花岭剖面为正层型剖面。岩性为一套高绿片岩相的变质岩,由变质石英细砂岩、各类片岩、绢云千枚岩夹细粒石英岩及数层变质基性―酸性火山岩组成。在剖面的下部第8层及上部第24层含丰富的藻类化石,地质时代为寒武纪;在剖面中部第16层变质火山岩中采人工重砂样、锆石U-Pb测年结果为499±6Ma~527±48Ma,地质时代为寒武纪中晚期。故将蒙花岭组划寒武系黔东统(∈2)到芙蓉统(∈4)。     

Petrology and Geochronology of Granulites from the McKaskle Hills, Eastern Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica, and Implications for the Evolution of the Prydz Belt

A combined petrological and geochronological study was carriedout on mafic granulites and associated felsic gneisses fromthe McKaskle Hills, eastern Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica.Garnet-bearing mafic granulites exhibit reaction textures andexsolution textures that indicate two-stage metamorphic evolution.Thermobarometric estimates from matrix and symplectite assemblagesyield peak and retrograde P–T conditions of 9·0–9·5kbar and 880–950°C and 6·6–7·2kbar and 700–750°C, respectively. Similar but slightlyscattered peak P–T estimates of 7·9–10·1kbar and 820–980°C are obtained from the core compositionsof minerals from felsic para- and orthogneisses. Evidence forthe prograde history is provided by muscovite inclusions ingarnet from a paragneiss. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobeU–Pb zircon dating reveals an evolutionary history forthe granulites, including a mafic and felsic igneous intrusionat 1174–1019 Ma, sedimentation after 932–916 Ma,and a high-grade metamorphism at 533–529 Ma. In contrast,Sm–Nd mineral–whole-rock dating mainly yields asingle age population at 500 Ma. This suggests that the McKaskleHills form part of the Prydz Belt, and that the relatively highpeak P–T conditions and a decompression-dominated P–Tpath for the rocks resulted from a single Cambrian metamorphiccycle, rather than two distinct metamorphic events as formerlyinferred for the granulites from Prydz Bay. The age data alsoindicate that the Precambrian history of the McKaskle Hillsis not only distinct from that of the early Neoproterozoic terranein the northern Prince Charles Mountains, but also differentfrom that of other parts of the Prydz Belt. The existence ofmultiple basement terranes, together with considerable crustalthickening followed by tectonic uplift and unroofing indicatedby the clockwise P–T–t evolution, suggests thatthe Prydz Belt may represent a collisional orogen that resultedin the assembly of Gondwana during the Cambrian period. KEY WORDS: Mesoproterozoic basement; Cambrian metamorphism; P–T path; Prydz Belt; East Antarctica