华蓥山北倾没端地区石炭系沉积相研究

华蓥山北倾没端地区石炭系地层是发育在志留系侵蚀面上的一套碳酸盐台地相沉积,主要为晶粒白云岩和颗粒白云岩。根据对其沉积物特征、沉积组合和测井相的综合分析,认为研究区主要发育有两种沉积相,三种沉积亚相,并可细分为膏云坪、膏盐潮池、生屑颗粒滩、鲕粒颗粒滩、滩间泻湖等微相。在石炭系黄龙组沉积早期区内主要处于干燥炎热的蒸发台地环境,随着海水的缓慢侵入以及气候的变化,黄龙组沉积晚期逐渐形成了局限台地相的沉积格局。     

西峰油田三叠系延长组长2_2砂层组沉积相分析

通过对西峰油田三叠系延长组长22砂层组的泥岩颜色、岩石类型、沉积构造、生物化石、沉积层序以及单井相等的研究,认为延长组长22油层主要沉积相为正常三角洲沉积。三角洲平原是该区三角洲砂体堆积的主体。可进一步辨别出分流河道、天然堤、分流间湾及决口扇4个微相。     

川西上三叠统须家河组超致密砂岩储层评价

川西须家河组超致密砂岩中发育多种储层类型,天然气产出能力各异。针对须家河组超致密砂岩整体孔渗关系差,以孔隙度为基础、单定量孔渗关系模型评价精度低的特点,以微观孔隙结构与储集物性关系深入分析为基础,建立了以渗透率为基础,利用与多种储集类型相配置的孔渗多定量关系模型,分别确定了不同储集类型的不同下限,提高了超致密砂岩储层的评价水平。     

松辽盆地南部泉头组砂岩型铀矿成矿条件分析

通过对松辽盆地南部泉头组砂岩型铀成矿条件分析认为: 泉头组半干旱的亚热带古气候对成矿有利。河流相和三角洲相沉积具有形成厚大砂体的条件。砂体较为发育, 单层砂体厚度可达42 m。虽砂体中有机质含量较低, 但泉头组下部含煤层中的烃类可通过断裂构造及不整合面上升进入砂体, 弥补还原剂的不足。工业铀矿孔的发现反映出泉头组有铀的大规模富集。总之, 泉头组是松辽盆地南部一个重要的找矿目的层, 找矿意义重大。     

浙江临安板桥奥陶系胡乐组笔石新材料及其意义

报道在浙江临安板桥奥陶系剖面的胡乐组中发现的较丰富的笔石动物群,包括Pterograptus elegans,Expansograptus sp.1,Tylograptus sp.,Cryptograptus?sp.,Archicli macograptus angulatus,A.caelatus,Procli-macograptus angustatus等主要属种,应属达瑞威尔阶Pterograptus elegans笔石带。这一发现表明,临安板桥一带的胡乐组时代跨度非常局限,底界比浙赣交界"三山地区"的胡乐组之底高2个笔石带,顶界对比则低2个笔石带。其下伏牯牛潭组的顶界与宜昌三峡地区相比,也低了2个笔石带,具明显的穿时现象。     

三叠纪嘉陵江期华蓥山同沉积断层的沉积、储层响应

对于断裂带在地质历史时期活动特点的认识,因多期次、不同活动性质的叠加改造而难以确定。以四川盆地南部嘉陵江组为例,通过三叠纪嘉陵江期华蓥山断裂带两侧的沉积、储层的研究发现沉积、储层响应与断面倾向南东、东侧下降的观点矛盾。主要表现为:在非浅滩化的嘉三期,紧邻断裂带西北侧的下降盘地层异常增厚;浅滩化的嘉一晚期—嘉二1期,东南侧的泸州古隆起地区颗粒岩累计厚度较西北侧增厚;另外,断层东南侧的颗粒岩发育早期岩溶型储层,而在西北侧这类储层欠发育。结果表明在三叠纪嘉陵江期华蓥山断裂带的断面倾向北西,为西侧下降的同沉积正断层。     

湖南张家界地区志留纪晚期地层新见兼论小溪组的时代

就华南板块而言,志留纪晚期(Ludlow世—Pridoli世)近岸浅海、非笔石相地层多分布在边缘海湾处,是否在扬子地台内部发育,以往尚无确凿记载。依据来自湘西北张家界—桑植地区新近发现的微体化石(主要指植物碎片),确认志留纪晚期地层在扬子地台内部确实存在。对原小溪组(又称小溪峪组)进行厘定,将它"一分为二":上部仍称小溪组,命名地在桑植瑞塔铺,发育最好的是张家界温塘剖面,岩性为黄绿色碎屑岩,富含大型虫管遗迹化石,时代为Ludlow晚期—Pridoli早期;下部称迴星哨组,归于Llandovery统Telychian阶上部。小溪组与迴星哨组之间为假整合接触,缺失Telychian末期、Wenlock世和Ludlow世早期地层。由此得出结论:在"扬子上升"后,扬子地台内部曾被志留纪晚期的海水侵漫;对其他地区迴星哨组与上覆地层的研究需要细化。     

Deciphering the depositional environment of the laminated Crato fossil beds (Early Cretaceous,Araripe Basin,North‐eastern Brazil)

The laminated limestones of the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin (North‐eastern Brazil) are world‐famous for their exceptionally well‐preserved and taxonomically diverse fossil fauna and flora. Whereas the fossil biota has received considerable attention, only a few studies have focused on the sedimentary characteristics and palaeoenvironmental conditions which prevailed during formation of the Crato Fossil Lagerstätte. The Nova Olinda Member represents the lowermost and thickest unit (up to 10 m) of the Crato Formation and is characterized by a pronounced rhythmically bedded, pale to dark lamination. To obtain information on palaeoenvironmental conditions, sample slabs derived from three local stratigraphic sections within the Araripe Basin were studied using high‐resolution multiproxy techniques including detailed logging, petrography, μ‐XRF scanning and stable isotope geochemistry. Integration of lithological and petrographic evidence indicates that the bulk of the Nova Olinda limestone formed via authigenic precipitation of calcite from within the upper water column, most probably induced and/or mediated by phytoplankton and picoplankton activity. A significant contribution from a benthonic, carbonate‐secreting microbial mat community is not supported by these results. Deposition took place under anoxic and, at least during certain episodes, hypersaline bottom water conditions, as evidenced by the virtually undisturbed lamination pattern, the absence of a benthonic fauna and by the occurrence of halite pseudomorphs. Input of allochthonous, catchment‐derived siliciclastics to the basin during times of laminite formation was strongly reduced. The δ¹⁸O values of authigenic carbonate precipitates (between ?7·1 and ?5·1‰) point to a ¹⁸O‐poor meteoric water source and support a continental freshwater setting for the Nova Olinda Member. The δ¹³C values, which are comparatively rich in ¹³C (between ?0·1 and +1·9‰), are interpreted to reflect reduced throughflow of water in a restricted basin, promoting equilibration with atmospheric CO₂, probably in concert with stagnant conditions and low input of soil‐derived carbon. Integration of lithological and isotopic evidence indicates a shift from closed to semi‐closed conditions towards a more open lake system during the onset of laminite deposition in the Crato Formation.     

藏北日土县拉竹龙地区志留系

根据在西藏西北部日土县拉竹龙地区重新测量了西藏区调大队1984年所测的两个地层剖面——饮水河北岸剖面和兽形湖北岸剖面,在原来定为上奥陶统兽形湖组的底部发现了一套含笔石和几丁石化石的黑色页岩和炭质板岩,其中笔石Pristiograptus和几丁石Ancyrochitina brevicollis、Conochitina sp.为志留系兰多维列统Tely-chian阶的标准分子。同时在兽形湖组中也发现了大量兰多维列世的腕足类化石Hindella xizangensis和竹节石Gotlandellites sp.。证明了拉竹龙地区饮水河北岸和兽形湖北岸两个剖面均未出现真正的奥陶纪地层。通过所采集到的笔石、几丁石、腕足类、三叶虫、头足类、牙形刺、竹节石、珊瑚、遗迹化石的准确鉴定,重新修订了本地区志留系的划分和地层序列:自下而上依次为以笔石相为代表的兰多维列统饮水河组,以碎屑岩相为代表的兰多维列统兽形湖组,以碳酸盐沉积为主的文洛克统普尔错组和以碳酸盐岩相为主的罗德洛统至普里道利统野牛坡组。本区志留系目前发现的最低层位相当于兰多维列统Telychian阶的笔石带Spirograptusturriculatus带和Streptograptus crispus带,最高层位相当于欧洲和藏南壳相志留系的最高一个头足类化石带Kopaninoceras juncudum带或牙形刺组合Neoprioniodus latidentatus-Ligonodina siluria组合。     

滇东南地区中三叠统沉积型锰矿的热释光特征

矿物和岩石的热释光是矿物晶体特征中研究程度较低的领域。将采自滇东南地区中三叠统的锰矿样品分类后进行热释光实验研究。实验发现:上矿段褐红色锰碳酸盐集合体的热释光谱线多两峰型,前特征峰位于250～350℃之间,后特征峰位于350～430℃之间,且前峰的峰值明显低于后峰,热释光强度最大值均出现在最高温度——450℃处,前峰均存在,后峰偶有缺失;下矿段黑色锰氧化物集合体的热释光特征是在280～340℃处为第一峰,而在390±10℃范围内为一拐点,420±10℃处为另一拐点,使热释光谱线呈现阶梯状,但部分样品第一峰缺失。将上、下矿段同类矿样的热释光谱线对比发现:上、下矿段内部的同类型矿石的热释光特征具相似性,上、下矿段之间的同类型矿石的热释光特征几乎无可比性,说明矿石形成时所处环境对热释光谱线的影响大于矿物成分对矿石热释光谱线的影响。