Improvement of the semi-Lagrangian advection scheme in the GRAPES model: Theoretical analysis and idealized tests

ABSTRACT The Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System （GRAPES） is the newgeneration numerical weather predic- tion （NWP） system developed by the China Meteorological Administration. It is a fully compressible non-hydrostatical global/regional unified model that uses a traditional semi-Lagrangian advection scheme with cubic Lagrangian interpola tion （referred to as the SL_CL scheme）. The SL_CL scheme has been used in many operational NWP models, but there are still some deficiencies, such as the damping effects due to the interpolation and the relatively low accuracy. Based on Reich＇s semi-Lagrangian advection scheme （referred to as the R2007 scheme）, the Re_R2007 scheme that uses the low- and high-order B-spline function for interpolation at the departure point, is developed in this paper. One- and two-dimensional idealized tests in the rectangular coordinate system with uniform grid cells were conducted to compare the Re..R2007 scheme and the SL_CL scheme. The numerical results showed that： （1） the damping effects were remarkably reduced with the Re_R2007 scheme; and （2） the normalized errors of the Re_R2007 scheme were about 7.5 and 3 times smaller than those of the SL_CL scheme in one- and two-dimensional tests, respectively, indicating the higher accuracy of the Re..R2007 scheme. Furthermore, two solid-body rotation tests were conducted in the latitude-longitude spherical coordinate system with non uniform grid cells, which also verified the Re_R2007 scheme＇s advantages. Finally, in comparison with other global advection schemes, the Re_R2007 scheme was competitive in terms of accuracy and flow independence. An encouraging possibility for the application of the Re_R2007 scheme to the GRAPES model is provided.     

水源热泵井群布置方案对地下水流场影响分析

以某地下水源热泵系统工程为例,依据工程场地实际抽水-回灌试验数据,建立研究区地下水流数值模拟模型,分析该地区适宜的井群布置方案,并定量研究不同井群布置方案对地下水流场的影响范围与程度,为确定合理的井群布置方案提供技术支撑。研究表明：对于同一含水层回灌,随着抽水-回灌时间的延长,就有利于抽水-回灌能力及尽量减小对周边地下水开采的影响而言,抽水井、回灌井交叉布置,部分回灌井集中布置的方案较为合理。     

某深埋特长隧洞线路比选方案研究

滇中引水工程香炉山隧洞为特长深埋隧洞,起点位于冲江河右岸石鼓镇,终点位于洱海边的长育村,此前已对该段进行东、中、西等多方向的较大范围线路比选[1]。通过已有地质资料进行线路对比,提出了8条比选线路,从各线路长度和形态,存在的主要工程地质问题,隧洞地质、施工条件等进行比较、分析、研究,最终选定中4线为推荐方案。论文简要介绍了隧洞线路选线方案、比选的思路和方法,以期为相关工程的规划设计提供参考。     

隧道区滑坡防治方案研究

分析滑坡区隧道的主要病害特征和滑坡与隧道病害的相互关系。对隧道区的滑坡防治进行系统的分析与研究,针对性地提出了安全、经济的防治方案,为今后隧道区的滑坡防治方案提供参考。     

大水位落差深井止水修复方案及实施效果分析

以山西潞安集团和顺李阳煤业有限公司大水位落差深井止水修复方案及实施效果为工程实例,对该工程先后实施的管内注浆法、管外注浆法、衬管固井法、同径水泥架桥法、泄压通桥法等止水修复方案进行了详细分析,总结了其成功的经验,可为类似旧井修复工程或新井施工工程提供借鉴和指导。     

测绘工程专业《激光雷达技术原理》教学方法的研究

针对《激光雷达技术原理》课程,结合国际权威著作和最新研究及应用成果确定教学内容,提出了“了解-新型传感器原理”“熟悉——激光扫描仪操作”和“掌握—激光点云数据后处理方法”的由浅入深、理论实践结合的教学方法,旨在让学生更好地掌握现代的测绘高新技术,全面提升学生的自主学习、分析问题、解决问题和创新思维的能力.     

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Statistical and geostatistical investigations into the effects of the Gabcikovo hydropower plant on the groundwater resources of northwest Hungary / Analyses statistiques et géostatistiques des effets de la centrale hydroélectrique de Gabcikovo sur les ressources en eaux souterraines du Nord-Ouest de la Hongrie

Abstract

Abstract The construction of the Gabcikovo hydropower plant and the diversion of the Danube River over 25 km into an artificial channel in 1992 influenced the groundwater regime of the region considerably. Statistical and geostatistical methods are used to quantify changes of different groundwater characteristics on the Hungarian side of the river based on observations in the time period 1960–2000. External drift kriging was used to interpolate groundwater levels and the other related variables. While mean groundwater levels did not change appreciably, there are significant changes in the variability. Standard deviations of the groundwater levels and the amplitude of the annual cycle decreased near the old river bed of the Danube. The water-level fluctuations of the Danube have a decreased influence on the groundwater dynamics. Interrelationships between water levels in wells have also changed.     

大瑞铁路高黎贡山越岭段主要工程地质问题与地质选线

在野外地质调查、钻探、地应力测量和室内测试分析的基础上,对大瑞铁路高黎贡山越岭段规划设计中可能遇到的高地温、高地应力、活动断裂断错、岩爆、涌水突泥、软岩大变形和边坡稳定性等主要工程地质问题进行了论述,认为高地温和热害是制约高黎贡山深埋隧道段建设的关键因素。根据地热钻探、测试资料分析,该区的地热分布受断裂构造控制明显,黄草坝断裂具有阻水隔热的工程地质特性。对比分析认为,C12K方案(34.5 km越岭长隧道方案)位于黄草坝阻水隔热断层之南,通道内相对低温,且在隧道口处避让了古滑坡等不利工程地质问题,在众多比选方案中工程地质条件较好。调查研究结果对大瑞铁路全线贯通具有重要意义。     

Linking pesticides and human health: A geographic information system (GIS) and Landsat remote sensing method to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure

Accurate pesticide exposure estimation is integral to epidemiologic studies elucidating the role of pesticides in human health. Humans can be exposed to pesticides via residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (drift). We present an improved geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing method, the Landsat method, to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure through matching pesticide applications to crops classified from temporally concurrent Landsat satellite remote sensing images in California. The image classification method utilizes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in a combined maximum likelihood classification and per-field (using segments) approach. Pesticide exposure is estimated according to pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting 500 m buffers around geocoded locations (e.g., residences) in a GIS. Study results demonstrate that the Landsat method can improve GIS-based pesticide exposure estimation by matching more pesticide applications to crops (especially temporary crops) classified using temporally concurrent Landsat images compared to the standard method that relies on infrequently updated land use survey (LUS) crop data. The Landsat method can be used in epidemiologic studies to reconstruct past individual-level exposure to specific pesticides according to where individuals are located.