多尺度空间下的云南山地流域遥感土地利用分类对比研究

以云南山地流域为研究区域，利用实证理论方法及3S（RS、GIS、GPS）技术手段，进行了多尺度空间下多模型的遥感土地利用分类对比研究。结果表明： 率先建立地学主导因子下的遥感地学分异规律，对提高云南遥感土地利用/土地覆盖（LUCC）分类精度效果显著； 遥感分类模型效应与尺度空间有较大的关联性； 对大区域及地形因子和地貌差异大的研究区，构建专家系统模型和推理分类模型是提高遥感分类精度的有效途径。     

U-Pb dating of zircon fromthe bed parallel anatectic granitic intrusion in the Baoban group in Hainan Island and the tectonic implication

1 Geological setting Hainan Island is situated in the conjunction region between the Euro-Asian plate, the Indian-Australian plate and the Pacific plate, its tectonic setting and evolution is implicated in understanding the continen-tal margin accretion and evolution of East Asia and the formation of the South China sea. The Jiusuo-Lingshui fault zone divides Hainan Island into the Yaxian Pa-leozoic massif in the south and the Qiongzhong Pa-leozoic massif in the north (Fig. 1), they con…     

Land cover changes based on plant successions: Deforestation,rehabilitation and degeneration of forest in the upper Dadu River watershed

The land use/cover classification system is the foundation for land use/cover change study. Remote sensing data were firstly used for land use and land cover classification in the United States in 1971 and the Anderson Classification System was proposed in 1976[1], which was put into use in mapping 1:250000 land use and land cover of the United States. A series of new land cover classification systems have been established in recent years through research projects such as FAO LCCS and Bi…     

Dolomitization of the Middle Devonian Winnipegosis carbonates in south-central Saskatchewan, Canada

The Middle Devonian Winnipegosis carbonate unit in south‐central Saskatchewan is partially to completely dolomitized. Two major types of replacive dolomite are distinguished. Microcrystalline to finely crystalline dolomite (type 1) displays nonplanar‐a to planar‐s textures, mimetically replaces the precursor limestone, accounts for about four‐fifths of dolomite phases volumetrically, and mainly occurs in the Winnipegosis mounds and the Lower Winnipegosis Member directly underlying the mounds. Medium crystalline dolomite (type 2) shows planar‐s to planar‐e textures, commonly occurs in the Lower Winnipegosis and Brightholme members, and decreases upward in abundance. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of type 1 dolomite (0·70795 to 0·70807) fall within the estimated Sr‐isotopic range for Middle Devonian marine carbonates. Stratigraphic, petrographic and geochemical data constrain the formation of type 1 dolomite to hypersaline sea water in a near‐surface environment, after marine cementation and sub‐aerial diagenesis and prior to precipitation of the Middle Devonian Leofnard salts. Movement of dolomitizing fluids could be driven by density differences and elevation head. The shift to lower δ¹⁸O values of type 1 dolomite [?7·4 to ?5·1‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB)] is interpreted as the result of recrystallization at elevated temperatures during burial. Type 2 dolomite has higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0·70809–0·70928), suggesting that the dolomite probably formed from basinal fluids with an increased richness in the radiogenic Sr isotope. In type 2 dolomite, Sr²⁺ concentrations are lower, and Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ concentrations are higher, compared with the associated limestone and type 1 dolomite. Type 2 dolomite is interpreted as having been formed from upward‐migrating basinal fluids during latest Devonian and Carboniferous period.     

青藏高原冬季雪盖异常与冬夏季风变异 及其相互联系的物理诊断研究

利用1955～1993年各种类型青藏高原冬季异常积雪资料的综合再分析结果,首次分析、阐明并讨论了青藏高原雪盖异常与中纬度大气环流的关系及其对低纬热带大气和海洋的影响。结果表明,高原冬季雪盖异常影响东亚冬季风的异常,进而通过东亚Hadley环流引起南海南部积云对流活动的异常,结果造成赤道太平洋纬向风出现变异并引发SSTA位相和副高活动及夏季风强度的显著不同,由此对我国夏季风雨带分布产生影响。最后给出青藏高原冬季雪盖异常可能对我国夏季风影响的一个初步模型。这对于进一步认识和揭示雪盖-环流-SST-雨带的相互联系及其可能的“隔季相关”机制具有重要意义     

凤太泥盆纪拉分盆地中硅质铁白云岩—硅质岩特征及成岩成矿方式

从岩石学、矿物学、地球化学等叫结秦岭凤太地区泥盆纪硅质白云岩－硅质岩的地质地球化学特征。硅质岩类中,ＳｉＯ２〉８０％,（ＦｅＯ＋Ｆｅ２Ｏ３＋ＭｇＯ）〈１０％;硅质铁白云岩类中,ＳｉＯ２为３０％～５０％,（ＦｅＯ＋ＦｅＯ３＋ＭｇＯ）大于２０％,提出该类热水沉积岩热水同生沉积作用、热水温合同生沉积作用,热水同生沉积交代作用,热水爆炸－液压致裂作用及热水充填－交代作用形成。     

树木年轮研究的扫描图像分析方法及其在环境演变中的应用

本文主要探讨用普通扫描仪作为获取树轮信息手段的有效途径,以及研究将图像分析和数字处理技术应用于树木年轮学的方法。通过对树轮图像的分布特征和噪声变化规律的统计分析,本文设计出一套图像分割、信息提取算法和相应的处理程序。从实际的应用效果以及与其它树轮研究方法所作的对比分析结果表明,这种扫描图像处理方法不仅可行,而且高效、准确,拓宽了树木年轮学方法在环境演变研究中的应用途径。     

Formation of the Devonian Fengtai Hydrothermal Brine Basin and the Metallogeny of Gold and Lead-Zinc Mineralizations in Shaanxi

The study of the relationships between the hydrothermal sedimentary formations and the gold andlead-zinc mineralizations in the Devonian Fengtai basin in Shaanxi shows that there was a hydrothermal brine sedimentary event which was inserted into the normal sedimentary background from the late Middle Devonian to the early Late Devonian. This event is closely related to gold and lead-zinc mineralizations in this area.     

新疆雪密度时空分布及其影响特征研究

对29个有雪密度观测的气象站40 a气象资料进行聚类和回归分析.结果表明:降水、雪深、大风、吹雪等因子与雪密度有密切正相关关系,由此建立雪密度与气候因子关系模型.另选无雪密度观测的50个站40 a气象资料,用关系模型计算出各站雪密度,从而使有雪密度值的站点增加到79个,为深入细致研究新疆雪密度时空分布打下了基础.研究表明,新疆雪密度有明显稳定期和不稳定期之分,稳定期雪密度是时间的函数.采用Map Gis65,结合卫星遥感资料,研制了新疆雪密度(稳定期)空间分布图.新疆雪密度的分布呈现从盆地及其周边到山地及其周边最后到海拔3 800-4 000 m以上高山带,随高度的升高雪密度依次升高.依据雪密度分布图和时间函数计算得出,稳定期新疆雪密度最大平均值为0.191 g·cm^-3.     

Indicators of Great Basin rangeland health

Early-warning indicators of rangeland health can be used to estimate the functional integrity of a site and may allow sustainable management of desert rangelands. The utility of several vegetation canopy-based indicators of rangeland health at 32 Great Basin rangeland locations was investigated. The indicators were originally developed in rangelands of the Chihuahuan Desert. Soil resources are lost through wind and water-driven erosion mainly from areas unprotected by plant canopies (i.e. bare soil). Study sites in Idaho had the smallest bare patches, followed by sites in Oregon. The more arid Great Basin Sagebrush Zone sites in Utah had the largest bare patches. Several vegetational indicators including percent cover by vegetation, percent cover by life-form, percent cover by sagebrush, and percent cover by resilient species were negatively related to mean bare patch size and are potential indicators of Great Basin rangeland condition. Plant community composition and the range of bare patch sizes were different at sites in the three locations in Idaho, Oregon and Utah. Therefore, expected indicator values are location specific and should not be extrapolated to other locations. The condition of study sites were often ranked differently by different indicators. Therefore, the condition of rangeland sites should be evaluated using several indicators.