Does carbon finance make a sustainable difference? Hydropower expansion and livelihood trade‐offs in the Red River valley,Yunnan Province,China

The Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a carbon credit trading scheme intended to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and promote ‘sustainable development’. Hundreds of CDM‐sponsored hydroelectric dams have been constructed in southwest China's Yunnan Province, where carbon finance contributes substantial financial incentives to hydropower expansion. This article investigates whether riparian Handai farmers settled near the Madushan hydropower plant on the Chinese section of Red River have experienced positive outcomes from this project's participation in the CDM. I assess how Handai individuals' access to core livelihood assets has been modified following dam completion and probe how the CDM reconfigures scalar relations among the various stakeholders involved in hydropower governance in Yunnan. Though the CDM facilitates hydropower expansion, it fails to produce development that is more sustainable than ‘business as usual’ from a local perspective. Rather, the CDM consolidates hydropower governance in the same way as it unfolded in Yunnan before the province became an active participant in this scheme. The CDM also facilitates a national development campaign fostering specific socio‐economic modernization patterns in China's western provinces.     

Utilizing in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study sublethal stress in aquatic organisms

In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful technique for characterizing the sublethal actions of physical and chemical stressors in live, intact organisms. In particular, 31P NMR is ideal for observing perturbations to cellular energetics since critical metabolite concentrations, including phosphagens, ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), can be measured non-invasively and in real time. This technique's versatility is demonstrated not only in the diversity of organisms that can be studied, but also in its broad-ranging applicability to environmental research. Illustrative studies include the actions of copper in adult red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and changes in energetically important metabolites in developing medaka embryos (Oryzias latipes). Advantages and disadvantages of in vivo NMR will be discussed.     

锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)幼体胃磨发育的比较研究

在青蟹幼体发育过程中，胃磨呈现出明显的变化。Ｚ１缺乏胃磨的结构，ＺⅡ开始出现中齿和侧齿的雏形，明显的可以识别的中齿和侧齿出现在ＺⅢ，．从ＺＶ开始胃磨已臻完善，除具有中齿和侧齿外，还出现了４个附属齿，包括两个附属的中齿和两个附属的侧齿。大眼幼体期，中齿和侧齿比ＺＶ更加尖锐，附属齿也更加锋利。在仔蟹前，中齿齿尖发生特化，形成垫状角质化区域，侧齿、附属齿更加锋利。这表明青蟹幼体发育过程中胃磨结构的变化与     

Governmentality and the climate-development nexus: The case of the EU Global Climate Change Alliance

This article uses a governmentality perspective to uncover the power effects of the external climate change adaptation assistance provided by the European Union (EU) through its flagship initiative in this regard: the Global Climate Change Alliance. By drawing upon a body of literature that conceptualizes the established international architecture in this regard as rooted in power relations, this article opens up our current perspective of the EU as an international climate actor. An analysis of policy documents and targeted semi-structured interviews reveals that the EU discursively emphasizes the responsibility of partner countries to manage risk and become ‘resilient’ to climate impacts, while downplaying the transformative potential of adaptation for development. We see this dynamic further reflected in GCCA policy techniques, which promote the production of quantified and depoliticized knowledge on adaptation. This in its turn further guides the allocation of GCCA support and is instrumentalized in order to establish a stable identity for the organization and reproduce the EU as a climate leader in this regard.     

Technology transfer in the CDM: an updated analysis

The prevalence of technology transfer (TT) for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects is analysed, based on information in the project design documents (PDDs) of 3949 projects registered as of 31 March 2012. Responses to a follow-up survey indicate that the PDD statements that concern TT are reasonably accurate and at least 39% of the related projects are expected to involve it. Technology transfer is very heterogeneous across project types and is more common for larger projects. It also usually involves both knowledge and equipment and differs significantly by host country. Technology transfer has declined over time in China, India, and Brazil, the countries that host most of the CDM projects, but it has remained high for other host countries. A host country's existing capacity specific to the technology, the scope for economic deployment of the technology, and complementary policies to build capacity and promote TT, increase the frequency of TT by CDM projects. The technology used by CDM projects originates mostly from Germany, the US, Japan, Denmark, and China, with multiple suppliers of the technology for all project types.     

基于ISO14000环境管理体系的土地利用行为约束研究——以烟台开发区为例

介绍了ISO14000环境管理体系的标准内涵,以PDCA模式为基础,从土地规划、土地保障、土地经营、土地执法4个方面构建出土地利用行为约束体系;分析烟台开发区基于PDCA模式的土地利用行为,结论表明:该模式可有效指导并约束土地利用行为,有利于区域生态环境建设。     

结构抗震设计理论与方法的沿革和比较

结构抗震设计理论与方法是地震工程学的核心内容,随着破坏性地震的不断发生和人们对震害认识的不断深化,结构抗震设计理论与方法逐步发展和完善。本文较全面地总结了结构抗震设计理论的形成与发展演化过程,并对不同结构抗震设计理论与方法进行比较研究,详细介绍基于强度的结构抗震设计方法、基于性态的结构抗震设计方法和基于韧性的结构抗震设计理念。在此基础上,提出了进一步开展建筑抗震韧性研究的建议。     

Programming beauty and the absence of Na Lao: popular Thai TV and identity formation among youth in Northeast Thailand

People living in the northeast of Thailand interchangeably label themselves and are labelled by others as Isan, Thai Isan, Lao Isan, Thai or Lao, depending on the ethnic, political, social or familial nuances of any given situation. I use the term Lao Isan to refer specifically to Isan people of Lao origin or ethnicity. Lao Isan are subject to complex and often competing notions of Isan-ness, Lao-ness and Thai-ness by insiders and outsiders. Using data derived from an ethnographic study of popular Thai television and Lao Isan youth (aged 17–25) living in the city of Khon Kaen and the town of Mahasarakham in northeast Thailand in 2002, this paper explores contemporary and co-existing interpretations of Isan identity or Khwampenisan among Lao Isan youth in relation to self-image and connections with national understandings of physical beauty as they are perpetuated in Thai-produced television programs.

吉尔吉斯斯坦水资源及其开发利用

吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国地处中亚中心,山地众多,山脉纵横,冰川广泛发育,水资源十分丰富,是中亚五国的"水塔",控制着中亚五国的水资源命脉.吉尔吉斯斯坦经济社会发展潜力巨大且发展意愿十分强烈,研究其水资源及开发利用对找寻妥善的中亚水资源问题解决之道具有十分积极的意义.分析介绍了吉尔吉斯斯坦自然地理以及与水资源形成有关的气候、地形地貌和冰川融雪概况,评价了吉尔吉斯斯坦水资源总量.然后在阐述吉尔吉斯斯坦独立以来至今的社会经济发展概况的基础上,分析介绍了其主要水资源开发工程与水力发电、用水量变化,并对吉尔吉斯斯坦水资源开发利用中存在的主要问题进行了深入剖析.     

北美非开挖技术发展近况-管道修复更换技术方面

2010年5月北美非开挖技术协会（NASTT）在美国芝加哥举办了一年一度年会,同时庆祝协会成立20周年,来自美国和加拿大的几百位学者对非开挖技术的各个方面进行了为期一个星期的探讨。笔者主要对所遴选的管道修复更换技术在北美地区的应用方面论文进行了阐述,包括玻璃纤维增强聚合物在混凝土管道中的应用情况、螺旋内衬注浆法修复管道、大直径铸铁管道爆管更换技术、基于声纳技术的CCTV检测系统及部分参展设备实物展示等,希望能够对国内广大非开挖业内人士的学习、研究、设计、施工有所借鉴。