几种单程波动方程解法的对比

在均匀介质条件下, 比较了ω-k域内Stolt算法和Gazdag相移法、t-x域内部分分式算法、混合域内SSF算法和FFD算法的计算流程, 零炮间距叠后时间偏移的单位脉冲响应、脉冲振幅变化、中心地震道数据的子波振幅变化和脉冲波场频谱特征等体现了波场动力学特性的信息。分析表明, 在均匀介质条件下, ω-k域方法在脉冲响应、振幅变化和频谱特征方面能得到较好的结果, 但该方法的子波分辨率相对其他方法较低, 无法应用于横向速度变化介质问题, 所以复杂地质问题应采用FFD法进行处理。同时以Stolt算法为例具体分析了子波振幅、子波频谱在偏移过程中的变化。     

实数编码改进遗传算法的非线性最小二乘平差

遗传算法在处理测量领域中的非线性问题时,算法中的种群数目大小、个体中的参数分量的数量以及参数的取值区间都会对算法的效率产生影响。针对基本遗传算法在处理非线性问题时,容易陷入局部最优值、速度慢、收敛区间小等问题,本文采用了一种新的交叉策略,并对变异算子中的变异步长作动态的自适应改变。最后通过实例解算验证了这种改进的遗传算法比基本遗传算法更加稳定、精度更高、收敛速度更快、收敛区间更大。     

修正算子γB00的物理含义解释

本文依据球面波传播原理和介质阻尼效应解释了修正算子的物理含义,解释结果表明加修正算子γB0^0后的多次透射公式考虑了介质的几何扩散特性,或引入了介质的阻尼特性。最后,通过分析比较,指出基于球面波传播原理的物理解释更符合实际。     

地表旋转控制照明叠前深度偏移

基于炮集数据的常规叠前深度偏移波场外推的计算量非常大,控制照明叠前深度偏移是基于快速的组合炮技术,通过在目的层上控制震源波场,高效实现对地质目标的高质量成像. 组合炮所需的合成算子,由在目的层定义的震源波场反向外推到地表建立. 本文提出一种更快速的地表旋转控制照明方法,直接在地表对震源波场进行面向目标的照明控制,实现目标区域高质量成像. 该方法只需对某一核合成算子进行简单的几何旋转建立合成算子函数,避免了复杂的波场外推. 这种新的控制照明方法与快速的一般组合炮偏移效率相同,但对复杂目标区域的成像能力显著增强. 应用本文方法对Marmousi模型进行计算,得到深层复杂构造非常理想的成像结果.     

CCD星点提取方法研究

电荷耦合器件CCD星敏感器的关键问题是星图识别,星图识别就是从星敏感器获得的原始星图中获取星的位置和星等信息。在介绍星敏感器工作原理的基础上,初步探讨了电荷藉合器件（CCD）天文定位的应用和优点,重点分析了Moravec算子、Frstner算子、Harris算子等几种点特征提取算子的原理和其适用性。     

True amplitude imaging by inverse generalized Radon transform based on Gaussian beam decomposition of the acoustic Green's function

True amplitude migration is one of the most important procedures of seismic data processing. As a rule it is based on the decomposition of the velocity model of the medium into a known macrovelocity component and its sharp local perturbations to be determined. Under this decomposition the wavefield can be considered as the superposition of an incident and reflected/scattered waves. The single scattering approximation introduces the linear integral operator that connects the sharp local perturbations of the macrovelocity model with the multishot/multioffset data formed from reflected/scattered waves. We develop the pseudoinverse of this operator using the Gaussian beam based decomposition of acoustic Green's functions. The computation of this pseudoinverse operator is done pointwise by shooting Gaussian beams from the target area towards the acquisition system. The numerical implementation of the pseudoinverse operator was applied to the synthetic data Sigsbee2A. The results obtained demonstrate the high quality of the true amplitude images computed both in the smooth part of the model and under the salt body.     

A generalized derivative operator for potential field data‡

The enhancement of potential field data using filters based on horizontal and vertical derivatives is common. As well as the direct use of the gradients themselves they are used in filters such as sunshading, total horizontal derivative, analytic signal, horizontal and vertical tilt angles, the Theta map and other filters. These techniques are high‐pass filters of different types and so enhance noise as well as detail in the data. A new derivative operator is introduced in this paper, which generalizes the effects of some of the previously mentioned filters. This filter is a linear combination of the horizontal and vertical field derivatives, normalized by the analytic signal amplitude. The filter is demonstrated on aeromagnetic and gravity data from South Africa.     

一种快速的震害评估方法——基于区域的遥感影像差值分割提取技术研究

根据建筑物在高分辨率遥感影像中“面”的特征,对差值法提取倒塌建筑物技术进行改进,将多阈值分割、类别筛选和数学形态学运算等概念引入差值法后处理过程中,提出基于区域的差值分割提取技术,并将新方法引入到完好建筑物的提取.通过对汶川地震中都江堰市某个街区进行计算,使用改进后的新方法进行评估,并与面向对象的方法和目视判读方法进行...     

经典平差函数模型的概括形式分析

对经典平差函数模型的两种概括形式进行回顾和总结,基于零空间投影算子导出经典平差函数模型的第三种概括形式-等价条件平差模型,教授学生理解该概括形式平差模型的作用及特点。提出在本科教学实践中以不同的平差模型概括形式开展课堂讨论,有利于启发学生对平差模型内在联系的自觉发现。     

Application of fuzzy combination operators to flood vulnerability assessments in Seoul,Korea

The goal of this study was to apply, verify and compare fuzzy models with various fuzzy combination operators to analyze the vulnerability to flooding in Seoul, Korea, and to create flood vulnerability maps. We employed the IPCC concept of vulnerability, which comprises exposure to climate, sensitivity and the adaptive capacity, to identify factors that influence flooding. Eleven factors were compiled in a spatial database using geographical information system. The relative weight of each factor was converted into a fuzzy membership value, which was integrated to obtain a flood vulnerability index using five fuzzy combination operators (fuzzy AND, fuzzy OR, fuzzy algebraic sum, fuzzy algebraic product and fuzzy gamma). Overall, the fuzzy models were quite effective tools for flood vulnerability assessment. Of the five fuzzy combination operators, the fuzzy AND operator obtained the highest prediction accuracy of 88.68%. This study achieved better flood vulnerability assessments by employing and comparing fuzzy combination operators.