安徽金寨县沙坪沟钼铅锌矿田两期成岩成矿作用

安徽金寨县沙坪沟钼矿床是近年来秦岭-大别成矿带发现的超大型斑岩钼矿床,已探明钼资源储量234×104t。在沙坪沟钼矿床外围发育多处铅锌矿床(点)。本文通过对外围3个铅锌矿床闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素定年,获得120±2Ma的成矿年龄,而钼矿床成矿年龄则在115~111Ma,显示出矿田内铅锌矿床的成矿时代早于钼矿床。结合区域构造背景、控矿构造、赋矿围岩及围岩蚀变等地质特征分析,认为斑岩钼矿床和铅锌矿床为两个独立的成矿系统,热液型铅锌矿成矿系统形成早于斑岩型钼矿成矿系统。据地质勘查和同位素年代学资料,矿田岩浆岩分为两期,第一期为早白垩世早期花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩,是热液型铅锌矿成矿系统主要赋矿围岩,第二期为早白垩世晚期石英正长岩和花岗斑岩,是斑岩型钼矿成矿系统的主要赋矿围岩。矿床C、H、O、S等稳定同位素相关研究表明热液型铅锌矿成矿系统和斑岩型钼矿成矿系统均是两期岩浆热液演化的结果。因此矿田存在两期成岩成矿作用。两个成矿系统矿石铅同位素组成不同,斑岩型钼矿成矿系统矿石铅同位素比值相对较高,变化范围大。铅锌矿床为早于斑岩钼矿床的独立成矿系统的认识合理解释了沙坪沟钼矿床为单一钼矿体,不含铅锌铜等不同于东秦岭斑岩钼矿床地质现象。区内两期成岩成矿作用均发生于晚侏罗─早白垩世构造体制转换阶段及以后伸展期。     

琼-粤西-桂东南成矿带资源特征与潜力分析

琼-粤西-桂东南成矿带含广西壮族自治区东南部分地区、广东省西南部分地区以及海南省全部。该区位于欧亚板块、印度板块和太平洋板块接合区。大地构造属于武夷云开岛弧系。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,通过综合分析,在该地区划分新的重要成矿部署区带,并命名为琼-粤西-桂东南成矿带。本区成矿地质条件优越,矿产丰富多彩。目前已涌现像抱伦金矿、富湾铅锌银矿、大降坪硫铁矿为代表的一大批大型、超大型矿床。对本成矿带的矿床成矿特征进行了研究,划分了14个成矿系列,建立了成矿谱系,并对资源潜力进行了评价。研究区主要矿床类型为沉积变质型、热水沉积型、热液脉型、接触交代型、斑岩型和表生型。成矿受构造作用影响明显。在此基础上,部署了广东云浮地区金、银、铁矿重点远景区、广西陆川地区金银一般远景区、海南石碌铁、金矿一般远景区。为指导本区勘查工作提供了依据。     

内蒙古宁城县杨树沟门银铜铅锌多金属矿区找矿潜力

内蒙古赤峰南部地区是中国北方一个非常重要的金属成矿区。宁城县杨树沟门银-铜-铅-锌多金属矿化区及周边晚古生代、晚中生代的岩浆侵入和岩浆期后热液活动强烈,NE向、近EW向断裂构造及受其控制的中酸性脉岩发育,围岩蚀变分布广泛,局部显示了较为明显的银、铜、铅、锌等多金属矿化,有1∶50 000及1∶10 000化探综合异常显示,1∶5000地物化综合剖面异常清晰,通过探槽工程揭露具明显的矿化显示,该区具有较好的成矿远景。     

河南省嵩箕地区铝土矿Li、Ti、Zr、Ga、Nb和LREE的矿化分析

通过对河南省嵩箕地区大峪沟、涌泉、朝阳沟、青石沟、孙桥、白坪等6处铝土矿床进行了稀有金属、稀土、稀散元素成矿潜力初步研究。19件铝土矿及铝质粘土岩样品的分析结果揭示了Li、Ti、Zr、Ga、Nb和LREE的矿化信息,为河南省嵩箕地区铝土矿中"三稀"矿产资源的勘查提供有益的参考。嵩箕地区铝土矿的Al_2O_3含量与TiO_2、Zr和Nb含量呈正相关关系,这可用于初步评价铝土矿中的Ti、Zr及Nb是否达到矿化。     

新疆索拉克地区成矿信息要素遥感解译研究及应用

本文采用多源遥感数据,在新疆阿尔金成矿带的索拉克地区开展成矿信息要素遥感解译.通过综合研究成矿信息的遥感地质特征、遥感影像特征、遥感蚀变矿物信息特征,进一步构建遥感解译找矿模型.利用该找矿模型,在索拉克周边区域圈定多金属找矿预测区.通过野外查证,新发现铜、金等多金属矿化线索,取得较好的找矿效果.     

贵州五指山那雍枝铅锌矿床矿石组构特征及矿床成因初探

五指山矿集区分布有那润、新麦等众多中小型铅锌矿床,其中那雍枝铅锌矿床是迄今川滇黔地区贵州境内近年来勘查发现的大型铅锌矿床。相对本区的地质勘查程度而言,其地质科学研究极为薄弱。有鉴于此,本文通过大量野外地质工作和室内光薄片鉴定,详细研究了该矿床矿石组构特征及矿化期次,以期为扬子台缘铅锌矿床成因提供可靠的地质依据。研究认为:该矿床典型矿石的主要结构包括结晶结构、交代结构、固溶体分离结构、压碎角砾状结构、揉皱结构以及放射状结构等;其主要构造包括浸染状构造、块状构造、脉状构造、角砾状构造及条带状构造等。上述矿石组构特征表明成矿作用具有多期多阶段的特点,并指示出沉积成矿兼有后期热液改造成矿的组构特征。结合野外地质观察和矿床地质特征分析认为,那雍枝铅锌矿床的形成经历了同生沉积与后期热液改造过程。     

黄土高原土壤干层研究进展与展望

土壤干层发生机理及其生态环境效应是土壤物理学和生态学及其交叉领域的重要科学问题,也是我国黄土高原开展生态文明建设,实现可持续发展面临的重大生态环境问题之一。通过回顾土壤干层研究取得的重要进展,包括土壤干层的概念与特征、评价指标、形成原因与危害、不同尺度时空分异特征及调控对策等,针对黄土高原水资源短缺和植被退化现状,提出土壤干层研究面临的机遇和挑战,包括建立统一的土壤干层动力学量化指标、干层内土壤水分对植物生长的有效性、土壤干层强度对土壤—植被—大气传输体(SVATs)中水分运移的影响、土壤干层发生发展过程和时空演变规律、土壤干层预测模型及其调控机制。此外,土壤干层的研究应结合当前植被恢复与生态文明建设的国家需求。在气候变化和剧烈人类活动背景下,开展黄土高原土壤干燥化与土壤水资源影响及其调控对策研究,将是水科学与生态学领域长期面临的科学问题之一。     

1:25万郴州幅区域地质调查主要进展及成果

通过地面地质调查、样品分析测试以及前人资料收集利用,全面查明了区内地层、岩浆岩和构造发育特征,系统总结了区内矿产资源概况和成矿地质条件。针对有关区域地质问题进行了深入研究,取得以下主要进展及成果:确定了南华系—寒武系中砂岩的主量元素和微量元素特征,反映其形成于被动大陆边缘环境;确定了中三叠世后期印支运动表现为NWW—SEE向区域挤压下的陆内俯冲造山,提出了印支运动中NW向基底隐伏断裂的左行走滑导致部分地区构造线走向偏转,炎陵—汝城一带发育的印支期隔槽式褶皱形成于基底(厚皮式)横向收缩与压扁作用;确定了中生代印支期、燕山早期和燕山晚期3阶段花岗岩的时限分别为233~210 Ma、174~135 Ma、130~85 Ma,形成构造环境分别为后碰撞、后造山和陆内裂谷;通过热年代学分析揭示了湘东南地区中、新生代山体隆升过程;厘定出湘东南及湘粤赣边区中生代构造发展框架;分析表明构造体制差异可能是造成湘东南燕山早期花岗岩成矿能力强于印支期花岗岩的关键原因,燕山早期钨锡多金属和铅锌多金属2类矿床组合的形成可能主要与岩石圈结构和深部热扰动强度有关。     

Fluid inclusion and microfabric studies on Zechstein carbonates (Ca2) and related fracture mineralizations – New insights on gas migration in the Lower Saxony Basin (Germany)

New petrographic and fluid inclusion data from core samples of Upper Permian dolomitic limestone (Hauptdolomit, Zechstein group, Stassfurt carbonate sequence) from a gas field located at the northern border of the Lower Saxony Basin (LSB) essentially improve the understanding of the basin development. The gas production at the locality is characterized by very high CO₂ concentrations of 75–100% (with CH₄ and N₂).Samples consist of fine grained, mostly laminated and sometimes brecciated dolomitic limestone (mudstone/wackestone) from the transition zone between the shallow water zone (platform) and the upper slope. The study focuses on migration fluids, entrapped as fluid inclusions in diagenetic anhydrite, calcite, and fluorite, and in syn-diagenetic microfractures, as well as on the geochemistry of fluorite fracture mineralizations, obtained by LA-ICP-MS analysis. Fluid inclusion studies show that the diagenetic fluid was rich in H₂ONaClCaCl₂. Recrystallized anhydrite contains aqueous inclusions with homogenization temperatures (T_h) of ca. 123 °C, but somewhat higher T_h of ca. 142 °C was found for calcite cement followed by early Fluorite A with T_h of 147 °C. A later Fluorite B preserves gas inclusions and brines with maximum T_h of 156 °C. Fluorite B crystallized in fractures during the mobilization of CO₂-bearing brines. Crossing isochores for co-genetic aqueous-carbonic and carbonic inclusions indicate fluid trapping conditions of 180–200 °C and 900–1000 bars. δ¹³C-isotopic ratios of gas trapped in fluid inclusions suggest an organic origin for CH₄, while the CO₂ is likely of inorganic origin.Basin modelling (1D) shows that the fault block structure of the respective reservoir has experienced an uplift of >1000 m since Late Cretaceous times.The fluid inclusion study allows us to, 1) model the evolution of the LSB and fluid evolution by distinguishing different fluid systems, 2) determine the appearance of CO₂ in the geological record and, 3) more accurately estimate burial and uplift events in individual parts of the LSB.     

Sharing benefits of the common heritage of mankind – Is the deep seabed mining regime ready?

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea declares the seabed beyond national jurisdiction and its mineral resources as the “common heritage of mankind” (CHM). This article examines the operationalisation of the CHM principle in the international seabed mining regime, with focus placed on the sharing of benefits derived from mining. The article begins by providing an overview of the CHM principle, before examining four modalities provided for in the Convention, both institutional and substantial, and their role in giving effect to the CHM principle: (1) financial benefits; (2) the “Enterprise”; (3) the parallel system of reserved areas; and, (4) marine scientific research. Finally, overarching issues are discussed and some suggestions on ways forward are presented. The article considers that the deep seabed mining regime is not yet ready to effectively share the benefits derived from the common heritage of mankind. In particular, the future of the Enterprise is uncertain and changes to the so-called parallel system that affect the CHM have received minimal discussion. Moreover, a lack of publicly available research data related to seabed mining is hindering current benefits for humankind. However, work is underway at the International Seabed Authority to establish rules and policies with respect to the sharing of financial benefits. While the CHM principle remains largely untested, approaches that are transparent, inclusive, accountable, and equitable are more likely to be successful.