基于压缩感知的Curvelet域联合迭代地震数据重建

由于野外采集环境的限制,常常无法采集得到完整规则的野外地震数据,为了后续地震处理、解释工作的顺利进行,地震数据重建工作被广泛的研究.自压缩感知理论的提出,相继出现了基于该理论的多种迭代阈值方法,如CRSI方法（Curvelet Recovery by Sparsity-promoting Inversion method）、Bregman迭代阈值算法（the linearized Bregman method）等.CSRI方法利用地震波形在Curvelet的稀疏特性,通过一种基于最速下降的迭代算法在Curvelet变换域恢复出高信噪比地震数据,该迭代算法稳定,收敛,但其收敛速度慢.Bregman迭代阈值法与CRSI最大区别在于每次迭代时把上一次恢复结果中的阈值前所有能量都保留到本次恢复结果中,从而加快了收敛速度,但随着迭代的进行重构数据中噪声干扰越来越严重,导致最终恢复出的数据信噪比低.综合两种经典方法的优缺点,本文构造了一种新的联合迭代算法框架,在每次迭代中将CRSI和Bregman的恢复量加权并同时加回本次迭代结果中,从而加快了迭代初期的收敛速度,又避免了迭代后期噪声干扰的影响.合成数据和实际数据试算结果表明,我们提出的新方法不仅迭代快速收敛稳定,且能得到高信噪比的重建结果.     

Influence of long‐period filter cut‐off on elastic spectral displacements

The effect of the long‐period filter cut‐off, T_c, on elastic spectral displacements is investigated using a strong ground‐motion database from Europe and the Middle East. The relation between the filter and oscillator responses is considered to observe the influence of T_c for both analogue and digital records, and the variations with site classification, magnitude, filter order and viscous damping. Robust statistics are derived using the re‐processed European data to generalize the effects of the long‐period filter cut‐off on maximum oscillator deformation demands as a function of these seismological and structural features. Statistics with a 95% confidence interval are derived to suggest usable period ranges for spectral displacement computations as a function of T_c. The results indicate that the maximum period at which spectral displacements can be confidently calculated depend strongly on the site class, magnitude and filter order. The period range where reliable long‐period information can be extracted from digital accelerograms is twice that of analogue records. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Ensemble Kalman Filter: theoretical formulation and practical implementation

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive presentation and interpretation of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and its numerical implementation. The EnKF has a large user group, and numerous publications have discussed applications and theoretical aspects of it. This paper reviews the important results from these studies and also presents new ideas and alternative interpretations which further explain the success of the EnKF. In addition to providing the theoretical framework needed for using the EnKF, there is also a focus on the algorithmic formulation and optimal numerical implementation. A program listing is given for some of the key subroutines. The paper also touches upon specific issues such as the use of nonlinear measurements, in situ profiles of temperature and salinity, and data which are available with high frequency in time. An ensemble based optimal interpolation (EnOI) scheme is presented as a cost-effective approach which may serve as an alternative to the EnKF in some applications. A fairly extensive discussion is devoted to the use of time correlated model errors and the estimation of model bias.Responsible Editor: Jörg-Olaf Wolff     

河南郑州台数字化DSQ水管倾斜仪观测精度的评定

选取了河南郑州台数字化 DSQ型水管倾斜仪观测资料较好的 2 0 0 1年 10月 1日至 12月 31日的数据进行了分析处理 ,对该仪器的观测精度进行了评定。经计算 ,其北南向和东西向日飘移分别为 0 .0 0 0 7s和 0 .0 0 2 6 s,M2 的振幅因子为 0 .714 9和 0 .6 4 14 ,振幅因子中误差为 0 .0 0 5 5和0 .0 0 4 4。     

山西地下水氡中短期异常识别标志及预报方法研究

采用“九五”地震科技攻关地下水化学及 EIS2 0 0 0提供的多种数据处理和异常识别方法 ,对山西省地下水氡观测资料进行了较详细的处理 ,筛选出较好的数据处理方法和异常标志。结果表明 ,除常规的数学处理方法外 ,用水氡的基值变化率和滑动变化率提取异常效果较好 ,如果基值变化率 R0 ≥ 0 .0 6 ,持续时间大于等于 12个月 ,滑动变化率 R≥ 0 .0 5 ,持续时间大于等于 12个月 ,则视为异常     

大数据背景下地质云的构建与应用

地质学属于数据密集型科学,并与地球科学面临的问题息息相关。已经收集的和将要收集的大量数字国土相关数据,由于科学研究的需要,正在不断加以检验和扩充。大数据时代背景下,中国国土资源数字化、信息化的战略行动具有深远意义,大数据的相关技术应用为实现地质工作的现代化和信息化提供了有效的支撑。重点介绍大数据背景下的“地质云”构建理念与方法,以及大数据在地学领域的应用。大数据为非结构化、半结构化的地质数据带来了新的处理方法与理念。地质云的构建旨在探索以需求带动的地质核心数据的应用,挖掘非结构化数据的新数据信息,以支撑国土资源管理决策。     

Model identification for hydrological forecasting under uncertainty

Methods for the identification of models for hydrological forecasting have to consider the specific nature of these models and the uncertainties present in the modeling process. Current approaches fail to fully incorporate these two aspects. In this paper we review the nature of hydrological models and the consequences of this nature for the task of model identification. We then continue to discuss the history (“The need for more POWER‘’), the current state (“Learning from other fields”) and the future (“Towards a general framework”) of model identification. The discussion closes with a list of desirable features for an identification framework under uncertainty and open research questions in need of answers before such a framework can be implemented.     

用人工神经网络实现地震记录中的废道自动切除

切除废道（即道编辑）的工作是地震信号处理中重要而又工作量巨大的一步.本文提出了一种用人工神经网络实现的自动切除方法,所用的神经网络模型为新奇滤波器模型,方法简单实用,切除效果令人满意.文中介绍了方法的原理并给出了几个实验结果.     

The International Laser Ranging Service and its support for IGGOS

The International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) was established in September 1998 as a service within the IAG to support programs in geodetic, geophysical, and lunar research activities and to provide data products to the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) in support of its prime objectives. Now in operation for 5 years, the ILRS develops: (1) the standards and specifications necessary for product consistency and (2) the priorities and tracking strategies required to maximize network efficiency. The service collects, merges, analyzes, archives and distributes satellite and lunar laser ranging data to satisfy a variety of scientific, engineering, and operational needs and encourages the application of new technologies to enhance the quality, quantity, and cost effectiveness of its data products. The ILRS works with: (1) the global network to improve station performance; (2) new satellite missions in the design and building of retroreflector targets to maximize data quality and quantity and (3) science programs to optimize scientific data yield. The ILRS Central Bureau maintains a comprehensive web site as the primary vehicle for the distribution of information within the ILRS community. The site, which can be accessed at: http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov is also available at mirrored sites at the Communications Research Laboratory (CRL) in Tokyo and the European Data Center (EDC) in Munich.During the last 2 years, the ILRS has addressed very important challenges: (1) data from the field stations are now submitted hourly and made available immediately through the data centers for access by the user community; (2) tracking on low satellites has been significantly improved through the sub-daily issue of predictions, drag functions, and the real-time exchange of time biases; (3) analysis products are now submitted in SINEX format for compatibility with the other space geodesy techniques; (4) the Analysis Working Group is heavily engaged in Pilot Projects as it works toward an ILRS “standard” global solution and (5) SLR has significantly increased its participation in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) activity, which is important to the success of IGGOS.     

珠江三角洲区域一体化研究综合信息系统的设计与应用

在分析地理信息系统技术发展与应用现状的基础上,设计了珠江三角洲区域一体化研究综合信息系统的结构框架。根据珠江三角洲的实际情况,并在经济地理学,城市地理学,区域科学等理论的指导下,开发了针对该区域一体化研究的模型分析系统。基于元数据库的数据集成与模型管理技术,能对不同数据源,不同数据类型与时空特性的多元数据处理与分析。本综合信息系统在区域产业布局,资源窨组合,城市体系空间结构演化等方面得到应用,将为