机载干涉SAR测绘制图应用系统研究

介绍我国机载干涉SAR系统及测绘应用概况,介绍机载干涉SAR生成DEM、SAR正射校正、地形引起的SAR后向散射畸变校正、机载SAR图像解译、雷达图像与光学影像的融合、雷达"空中三角测量"等关键技术研究进展.最后,介绍机载干涉SAR系统在泰山试验区的测绘制图实验情况.     

机载激光LiDAR原理及应用

机载LiDAR技术是一种应用越来越广泛的新型测绘技术,能够快速地获取高精度单位数据.近几年,此技术作为精确、快速的测绘方法得到了广泛认同.本文介绍了此技术的基本原理及其应用.     

Multivariate analysis of .uorescence and source identi. cation of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities of the entire Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) data sets of samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The results demonstrate that multivariate analysis facilitates the complex data treatment and spectral sorting processes, and also enhances the probability to reveal otherwise hidden information concerning the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The distribution of di.erent water samples as revealed by multivariate results has been used to track the movement of DOM material in the study area, and the interpretation is supported by the results obtained from the numerical simulation model of substance tracing technique, which show that the substance discharged by Haibo River can be distributed in Jiaozhou Bay.     

Motile phytoplankton species such as Gonyostomum semen can significantly reduce CO2 emissions from boreal lakes

Boreal lakes typically have high levels of allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM), causing light limitation of photosynthetic CO₂ consumption while stimulating CO₂ production. They are therefore considered as important sources of atmospheric CO₂. However, boreal lakes are also experiencing a marked expansion of bloom-forming motile phytoplankton organisms that can circumvent the shading effect of DOM by performing phototaxis and that thus might have an impact on the lakes’ CO₂ balance. We tested this idea in a DOM-rich lake using the widespread raphidophyte flagellate Gonyostomum semen as model organism. Employing continuous field measurements, we found that G. semen can reduce the partial pressure of CO₂ even at low algal densities. Periods with high algal densities were associated with CO₂ undersaturation and invasion of atmospheric CO₂. The mean daily net losses of CO₂ to the atmosphere during and after a G. semen bloom were estimated at 12.9 and 70.4 mmol C m^–2 day^–1, respectively. G. semen caused steep pCO₂ gradients in space and time, which make it difficult to unveil the species’ impact without employing continuous pCO₂ vertical profiling. This suggests that the effect of G. semen on the CO₂ balance of boreal lakes might have been overlooked in the past. Taken together, our data suggest that G. semen can significantly reduce the CO₂ emissions from boreal lakes despite high concentrations of allochthonous DOM. G. semen and other motile phytoplankton species should therefore be considered when estimating CO₂ emissions from boreal lakes, especially if these organisms continue their expansion.     

1∶10000DLG数据的更新方法

总结了1∶10 000 DLG数据更新的一般方法,分析了1∶10 000 DLG数据更新的相关问题;结合项目实例探讨了1∶10 000 DLG更新方法的具体应用,对制订1∶10 000 DLG数据更新方法的技术路线有参考价值。     

多种数据源互补生产南极3D产品关键技术研究

充分利用南极地区的多种数据源(资源三号,ICESat/GLAS、LIMA DOM、ASTER GDEM),对其进行了相对精度分析,确定了利用多种数据源进行南极3D产品生产的技术路线,解决了目前我国极地中小比例尺3D产品基础地理信息数据生产关键技术的空白,提高了我国南极3D产品生产能力。     

基于LiDAR数据与数字相机快速生成正射影像技术研究

介绍机载LiDAR系统获取地表三维信息的基本原理以及DSS数字相机与LiDAR系统的硬件组成和数据处理流程,讨论LiDAR设备的检校方法,利用GPS/INS提供的像片外方位元素信息和LiDAR提供的高精度DEM,避免空中三角测量数据处理,快速生成正射影像.摄区试验证明,快速生成正射影像周期短,节约成本,满足了应急测绘需求.     

Carbon input, production and turnover in the interstices of a Lake Tegel bank filtration site, Berlin, Germany

The sandy littoral zone of Lake Tegel (Berlin, Germany) was investigated during 2004–2006 down to sediment depths ≥26 cm to derive a scheme of seasonal carbon turnover under induced bank filtration conditions. Carbon turnover processes were quantified regarding external and internal sources of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM), primary production, community respiration, redox potential as well as specific loads of soluble chemical compounds such as nitrogen, iron, manganese and DOC.Over the course of the year, infiltrating DOC decreased by about 13–20% within the upper 26 cm sediment of the infiltration stretch. Gradients of all observed soluble compounds that are highly cross-linked to biological activities were highest in the topmost centimetre. In this depth mass balances (output–input) were negative concerning NO₃-N (−1 mg dm⁻² d⁻¹, summer mean) and DOC (−2 mg dm⁻² d⁻¹, winter mean), respectively, while specific loads of cations such as manganese reached up to 0.2 mg dm⁻² d⁻¹ during summer. Carbon mineralization ranged between 3 and 7 mg C dm⁻² d⁻¹ and was nearly twice as high in summer as in winter. The turnover of the infiltrating DOC contributed maximally 25% in summer to 50% in winter to the entire organic carbon mineralization. Gross and net primary production differed up to a factor of >10, indicating very fast turnover reactions and the predominance of community respiration and mineralization, respectively. The POC in the upper sediment layer (10 cm) temporally varied around 1% sediment d.w.; benthic algae, organic seston input and autumnal leaf fall contributed similar percentages to the POC pool.     

DOM的质量检查

本文对DOM的质量检查采取了不同的质量检验和精度测试手段,并对产品的误差进行分析和论述,为作业单位提高DOM产品的精度提供帮助.     

RadarSAT-2影像在1∶50000 DOM快速生产中的应用

随着遥感技术的快速发展,雷达影像测量技术的重要性突显出来,它有力地克服了因测区自然地理环境艰难、气候条件复杂而带来的光学影像无法成图的不利局面,具有效率高、劳动强度低等优点。本文利用RadarSAT-2影像进行1∶50 000 DOM的试验生产,通过具体的生产过程,对雷达影像的数据特点、生产流程、精度指标、生产效率等方面进行了分析研究,为缩短地图更新周期、减少生产成本、提高空间信息获取的实时性提供了方法。