DOM不同分子质量组分对石英砂吸附卡马西平的影响研究

为探究溶解性有机质(DOM)不同相对分子质量组分对药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)类污染物吸附过程的影响,以卡马西平(CBZ)为目标污染物,以石英砂代表无机矿物,用商用腐殖酸(HA)制备DOM并进行超滤分级,然后开展吸附实验,并采用荧光光谱和红外光谱表征等手段,研究了DOM不同分子质量组分对石英砂吸附CBZ的影响及机制。结果表明,以3 000和10 000的超滤膜进行分级后的不同相对分子质量HA结构有明显差别,大分子质量HA中苯环等疏水性结构以及羟基的含量较多,芳香构造化程度高,多为分子量较高、稳定性较好的疏水性有机物,但中、小分子质量HA结构差异不大,含有更多羰基、羧基等含氧官能团,主要是一些分子质量较小的亲水物质; DOM不同分子质量组分对CBZ在石英砂上的吸附有明显影响,其中大分子质量组分促进吸附,而中、小分子质量组分抑制吸附,原因在于大分子质量组分可疏水结合于矿物表面,增加介质表面的活性吸附位点,同时其芳香性或脂肪性结构可与CBZ的疏水基团发生疏水作用共吸附或累积吸附于介质表面,从而促进CBZ的吸附;而中、小分子质量DOM的极性官能团可与CBZ酰胺部分通过极性作用结合,对CBZ分子有增溶作用,从而抑制吸附。     

正射影像镶嵌线自动搜索的视差图算法

提出了一种基于正射影像视差图的区域级镶嵌线搜索算法。首先利用半全局约束立体匹配算法(semi-global matching,SGM)分别计算立体像对的左右视差图,并通过自适应阈值化去除细小的噪声区域,再经数学形态学方法进一步削弱噪声影响和填补小的漏洞区域,得到了较为精细的房屋等非地面区域的分割结果,从而分离出地面与非地面区域;然后采用改进的贪婪蛇搜索算法进行镶嵌线搜索,以提高算法的稳健性。试验表明,本文算法能很好地避开房屋等明显突出地表的实体,得到不穿越非地面区域的最优路径。     

1∶10000 Pleiades卫星数字正射影像图的制作方法与质量控制!

作为SPOT系列卫星的性能补充,Pleiades卫星具有0.5 m的高空间分辨率且最大幅宽达到了20 km。本文针对Pleiades卫星影像的特性,研究了基于Pleiades卫星影像的1∶10 000数字正射影像图的制作流程,探讨了制图过程中涉及的关键技术,并就用户关心的影像质量控制问题进行了分析。     

利用VirtuoZo和UCD快速制作正射影像的方法

提出了利用VirtuoZo系统并结合UCD相机的特点在立体环境下快速制作正射影像的方法。在研究区范围内,首先,利用无人机搭载UCD相机进行影像的获取,然后将获取的影像利用UCD相机参数和控制点参数等信息进行影像的粗纠正,接着在VirtuoZo系统中进行精纠正等处理,之后进行DEM的生成,最后可快速地进行DOM的制作。通过试验表明,该方法可快速获取精度较高的正射影像。     

基于形态学与Dijkstra相结合的影像镶嵌线方法

镶嵌线自动搜索是实现影像重叠区域无缝拼接的关键步骤,而目前随着无人机技术的日益成熟及无人机能够快速获取高清的遥感图像数据,迫切需要寻找一种既有质量、又有效率的镶嵌线自动搜索的方法。本文提出一种基于形态学与Dijkstra相结合的影像镶嵌线方法,该方法首先确定两幅影像重叠部分的差分影像,然后在差分影像的基础上进行形态学膨胀处理,同时根据稀疏矩阵构建八邻域稀疏矩阵,最后使用Dijkstra算法在差分影像上进行镶嵌线的自动搜索,得到最优路径镶嵌线。实验结果证明,改进算法与未经过形态学处理的Dijkstra方法相比,其自动搜索镶嵌线过程在耗时少(耗时为3.72 s)的情况下,能够很好地避开房屋等高亮度区。     

机载激光雷达技术及其在土地调查中的应用

介绍机载激光雷达的基本原理、系统特点及应用领域,并成功应用于长阳土家族自治县城镇土地调查中。实践表明,L iDAR能够显著提高土地调查的效率,值得推广。     

Distributions and characteristics of dissolved organic matter in temperate coastal waters (Southern North Sea)

The spatial and temporal distributions of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was studied in the East-Frisian Wadden Sea (Southern North Sea) during several cruises between 2002 and 2005. The spatial distribution of CDOM in the German Bight shows a strong gradient towards the coast. Tidal and seasonal variations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) identify freshwater discharge via flood-gates at the coastline and pore water efflux from tidal flat sediments as the most important CDOM sources within the backbarrier area of the Island of Spiekeroog. However, the amount and pattern of CDOM and DOC is strongly affected by various parameters, e.g. changes in the amount of terrestrial run-off, precipitation, evaporation, biological activity and photooxidation. A decoupling of CDOM and DOC, especially during periods of pronounced biological activity (algae blooms and microbial activity), is observed in spring and especially in summer. Mixing of the endmembers freshwater, pore water, and open sea water results in the formation of a coastal transition zone. Whilst an almost conservative behaviour during mixing is observed in winter, summer data point towards non-conservative mixing.     

1/万DLG地物数据快速更新方法探讨

伴随着我国国民经济建设的快速发展,根据需要有必要对现势性较差的1/万DLG地物数据进行更新。我们常用的1/万DLG地物数据更新方法比较繁琐,成本也较高,制作的周期也较长。因此在2004年我院探索了用最新DOM或无外业像控航测内业快速更新1/万DLG地物的可行性。本文将重点介绍这种更新方法的相关技术和精度统计。     

Distributions of carbohydrate species in the Gulf of Mexico

In order to study the role of polysaccharides in the cycling of marine organic matter and transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP), the concentrations of total carbohydrates (p-TCHO), total uronic acids (URA) and total acid polysaccharides (APS) in suspended and sinking particles, as well as carbohydrates in the filter-passing “dissolved” phase (d-TCHO), were measured in vertical profiles along a N–S transect in the Gulf of Mexico, across a cold core (CCR) and a warm core (WCR) ring (eddy) during both July 2000 and May 2001. The concentrations of d-TCHO in 2000 ranged from 4 to 22 μM C, with a subsurface maximum, which was located slightly above the depth of chl a maximum, amounting to, on average, 34% of DOC in the CCR, and 13% in the WCR. The concentration of particulate carbohydrates (p-TCHO) in different size fractions (0.7–10, 10–53, and >53 μm) ranged from 0.04 to 1.1, 0.005 to 0.40, and 0.006 to 0.26 μM C, respectively, indicating that carbohydrates are mostly concentrated in small particles (0.7–10 μm). URA and APS were similarly concentrated in small particles, in which, on average, URA accounted for 87% and 57% of total URA, and APS for 92% and 88% of total APS in 2000 and 2001, respectively. URA accounted for 3–9% of carbohydrates in suspended particles, suggesting that URA are a minor component of the p-TCHO pool. Due to its surface-reactive nature, URA could play a major role in the coagulation of particles and macromolecules despite its relatively low abundance. While, on average, p-TCHO and total APS were more enriched in suspended particles than in sinking particles in both 2000 and 2001, the opposite was true for URA in both years. The greater contents of URA that are present in settling particles compared to suspended particles could indicate a mass flow in the direction of sinking particles, either caused by coagulation, by bacterial reworking of particulate and colloidal organic matter, or by their more refractory nature.