荧光原位杂交技术的发展及其在染色体基因定位中的应用

自1969年Gall和Pardue利用放射性同位素标记的DNA探针检测细胞制片上非洲爪蟾细胞核内的rDNA获得成功之后 ,Pardue等同年又以小鼠卫星DNA为模板 ,利用体外合成的含 3H的RNA为探针成功地与中期染色体标本进行了原位杂交 ,从而开创了RNA DNA的原位杂交技术。为了精确地定位目的基因 ,1974年Evans第一次将染色体显带技术和原位杂交技术结合起来 ,提高了基因定位的准确性。1977年Rudkin等发明了用间接免疫荧光法检测目的DNA的非同位素原位杂交技术 (nonisotopicinsituhybridiza tion ,NISH) ,其大致过程是首先制备抗DNA RNA复合…     

美国政府的南极洲政策

“一个细胞也包含该生命体全部基因密码”。美国在冷战时代的南极洲政策堪称美国外交政策中的“一个细胞”。长期以来，关于南极的研究主要集中在自然科学领域，对南极条约的形成研究一直是国际学术界研究的冷僻之地，近年来，美国政府已将关于南极事务的外交文件解密，为我们开展研究提供了必要条件。第二次世界大战前，美国传统的南极政策是不承认其他国家提出的南极主权要求，同时声明保留自己的权利。第二次世界大战后，美国政策逐渐转向提出主权要求。但是因受到苏联和盟国牵制，美国最终停止主权要求，转而召集南极会议，推动签订南极条约。     

RNA干扰对LCDV-cn在牙鲆体内复制的影响

海水养殖生物病毒病是世界性难题,淋巴囊肿病毒中国分离株(LCDV-cn)是牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)淋巴囊肿病的病原。以mcp基因为靶基因,设计siRNA-mcp1、siRNA-mcp2、siRNA-mcp3等3条siRNA序列,研究RNA干扰(RNAi)对淋巴囊肿病毒在牙鲆体内复制的影响。结果表明,牙鲆体内注入siRNA-mcp1和siRNA-mcp3后,mcp基因的表达有所下调;统计分析表明,注入siRNA-mcp1后,mcp基因的表达下调明显,具有显著性差异(p<0.05),注入siRNA-mcp2、siRNA-mcp3后,mcp基因的表达下调不明显,差异不显著(p>0.05)。本实验中初步实现了RNAi对LCDV-cn复制的抑制作用。     

彝风异俗·择山而居·连载十二 缤纷服饰秀

凉山型服饰在外型方面可以代表整个彝族的风格,那么其余的5种类型是不是可以省略不谈了呢?答案是否定的。无论是乌蒙山型、红河型、滇东南型,还是滇西型、楚雄型,它们都各具特色,都有自己深远的文化基因,都是少数民族服饰百花园中亮丽妖娆的一朵。在此,有必要着重介绍乌蒙山型和滇东南型的彝族服饰,因为,它们与居住在广西的彝族相关。巍巍乌蒙山,是大西南彝族文化的发祥地。在唐宋以前,此地彝族服饰与凉山彝族服饰大同小异,但到了     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea

An (AC)n-microsatellite-enriched library for Larimichthys crocea was constructed in this study. Primers for fifty simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were synthesized and genotyped on 30 L. crocea individuals from Guanjingyang wild population (WP) in Fujian Province and 38 individuals from Ningbo cultured population (CP) in Zhejiang Province. Only 21 loci were successfully amplified and polymorphic in two populations. In WP, the observed heterozygosity (H_O ) ranged from 0.233 to 0.900 and the expected heterozygosity (H_E ) ranged from 0.326 to 0.893, with an average of 7.8 alleles/locus, the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.283 to 0.866 (mean 0.731). In CP, the H O ranged from 0.189 to 0.892 and the H E ranged from 0.333 to 0.800, with an average of 4.4 alleles/locus. The probability test showed significant departures from HWE in 9 and 2 of the 21 loci in WP and in CP, respectively. Deficiency of heterozygotes at four loci showed the presence of null alleles (P <0.01). The PIC of 20 microsatellite loci in WP were greater than 0.50. Overall, these novel markers are potentially useful for the study of population genetics, construction of genetic linkage and quantitative trait loci maps in large yellow croaker.     

Molecular Cloning and Expression ofPoIR2, a Novel Gene Involved in Immune Response in Japanese Flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）

A novel immune-related gene was expressed in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) injected with Vibrio anguillarum. The complete cDNA contained a 169 bp 5’UTR, a 336 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 111 amino acids and a 556bp 3’UTR. Six exons and five introns were identified in the PoIR2 gene. Blastp similarity comparison showed its encoding protein had 50% similarity to Danio rerio neuromedin S (NMS), but further alignment indicated they did not have NMS C-terminal conservational signature domain. So it was not defined as an NMS homologue. Protein structure analysis indicated it had a 26aa signal peptide and was a secretory pathway protein. RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of PoIR2 was quickly induced and drastically increased in liver, kidney, spleen, gills, intestine, heart, and skeletal muscle after infected with V. anguillarum. These results indicated that the PoIR2 might play some important role in Japanese flounder immune response system. This gene was named PoIR2 (P.olivaceus immune-related gene 2, GenBank accession number: EU224372). The mature PoIR2 peptide was expressed in BL21(DE3) pLysS using pET-32a(+) vector and a great part of the recombinant mature peptide existed as soluble type.     

全球变暖影响动物进化

美国科学家在9日出版的《科学》杂志上发表论指出，他们在研究基因变化与气温升高之间的关系时发现，全球变暖正在对一些动物的进化产生影响。科学家已经在松鼠、鸟类和昆虫身上发现一些可遗传的基因变化，这些变化似乎是为了适应正在变得越来越热的世界。     

红鳍笛鲷(Lutjnaus erythropterus)酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1基因克隆及表达分析

本文利用RACE技术克隆获得红鳍笛鲷(Lutjnaus erythropterus)酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1基因全长,并利用生物信息学方法对该基因的m RNA序列特征、氨基酸序列特征、分类及系统发生进行了分析。结果表明,在红鳍笛鲷中,酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1基因含有TYRP1a和TYRP1b两个拷贝,其中TYRP1a序列全长3178bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长1566bp,5?端235bp,3?端1377bp;TYRP1b基因c DNA全长1871bp,ORF区长1656bp,5?端89bp,3?端126bp。序列分析发现,TYRP1a和TYRP1b基因与其它物种的同源基因保守性较高,尤其是酪氨酸酶基因家族典型的酶活性位点序列在脊椎动物中具有高度保守性。进化分析发现,TYRP1a和TYRP1b基因的种间同源性高于两个基因间的同源性。荧光定量PCR数据分析表明,TYRP1a和TYRP1b基因都在眼睛部位具有最高表达,TYRP1b在黑色皮肤也有较高表达。结果可为进一步阐述TYRP1基因在红鳍笛鲷身体和眼睛部位的色素合成机制提供一定的理论基础。     

金龟子绿僵菌甘露糖6-磷酸异构酶基因cDNA序列的克隆及分析

通过绿僵菌属甘露糖6-磷酸异构酶基因保守核苷酸区域设计简并性引物,采用RT-PCR及RACE-PCR技术成功克隆了金龟子绿僵菌mpi基因cDNA序列。该基因cDNA序列全长为1 513 bp,开放阅读框长度为1 328 bp,共编码441氨基酸。BLAST分析发现该基因演绎的氨基酸序列与其它真菌同源性较高,蛋白结构分析表明MPI蛋白是较保守的蛋白磷酸酶结构特征,主要由α螺旋和不规则卷曲构成。