天山南麓库车晚新生代褶皱-冲断带

库车褶皱冲断带位于天山南麓,由近东西走向的多条构造带组成。三叠系暗色泥岩、侏罗系煤层、古近系库姆格列木组膏盐层和新近系吉迪克组膏盐层构成库车褶皱冲断带的区域性主滑脱面。褶皱冲断带底面由北向南逐渐抬高。褶皱冲断带主体发育盖层滑脱-冲断构造(薄皮构造),基底卷入型冲断构造(厚皮构造)见于北缘的根带。新生界膏盐层之上构造变形以滑脱褶皱为特色,之下以冲断构造为特色。库车褶皱冲断带是印度-亚洲碰撞远程效应下,(南)天山晚新生代造山过程的产物。褶皱冲断带构造变形的动力来源主要是造山楔向塔里木盆地推进所形成的挤压构造应力。褶皱冲断带构造变形的起始时间为约23Ma,构造变形具有阶段式加速的特点,已经识别出约23Ma、约10Ma、5~2Ma和1~0Ma共4个变形加速期。褶皱冲断带的演化过程为前展式,褶皱冲断带前锋向南推进的同时,后缘持续变形。     

北京平原区地质剖面的初步建立——太古宙结晶基底和元古宙地层

北京平原目前尚未建立系统的地质剖面。1867年庞培莱将北京西山分为3大系,1871年李希霍芬提出震旦系、划分12层。1922年葛利普将震旦系限定在前寒武系,1923年田奇镌将南口剖面划分为7个岩组,1934年高振西将震旦系3分(南口群、蓟县群、青白口群)。1976年乔秀夫3分青白口群(下马岭组、龙山组和景儿峪组),1980年汪长庆等将十三陵剖面分为4系12组,1991版《北京市区域地质志》将十三陵剖面分为3系12组。本文初步建立平原区地层表,详细描述太古宙结晶基底和元古宙地层剖面,在京南大兴区的榆垡(兴热-1井)和安定(兴热-2井)发现太古宙片麻岩,在京热-70井、京热-59井、京热-71井和京热-75井编录蓟县纪地层,利用亦庄小学钻孔厘定待建系下马岭组、青白口纪龙山组和景儿峪组。     

乌兰哈达变质岩地层地热勘探井钻头选择与取心工艺

内蒙古自治区察右后旗乌兰哈达苏木地热勘探井井深2006.87 m。采用石油30型钻机施工,钻遇地层大部分为变质岩,达1500 m以上,对牙轮钻头损坏严重,同时施工要求进行18次岩心采取。经过对钻头的试用、选择,最后选用HJ637G型牙轮钻头,钻进时效可达0.8～1.2 m,使用寿命可达到80～100 h。取心段采用川7-4型双管单动取心筒配合金刚石钻头,岩心采取率可达70%～95%。     

Study of Influence of Regional Geodynamic Background on Strata Behaviors in China's Tongxin Mine

Strata behaviors are mainly affected by regional geodynamic background. The influence of rock mass stress and energy distribution on strata behaviors in the Tongxin mine is studied in terms of regional tectonic movement, seismic activity and tectonic stress field. The results show that the extrusion lifting movement of Kouquan fault adjacent to the Tongxin mine results in the stress concentration in the rock of the Carboniferous coal bed and accumulation of a large amount of elastic energy and forms structural background of Tongxin mine. Due to various seismic activities in the mine area, the strain energy is known to reach much higher levels, up to 0.5×10⁸ J^1/2. Since the stratigraphic structure is sensitive to the mining operation, the strain energy could cause strong strata behaviors. A special geological structure model of the Tongxin mine is established based on the geodynamic division method. The distribution of regional structure stress field is determined by the rock mass stress analysis system. Based on this model, Tongxin mine is divided into five areas with high stress, eight areas with low stress and eight areas with gradient stress. The strong strata behaviors mostly occur in high stress areas. These results could provide guidance to predict the strength of regional or mine pressure and control strata behavior in different areas.     

青海省祁连县大拉洞柏杨沟矿区煤岩层对比研究

通过研究太原组的沉积特征及聚煤变化规律,采用了标志层、煤岩层组合特征、层间距、测井曲线形态等方法,对矿区内煤层、岩层进行了综合对比。确定了该区主要煤层的赋存层位、形态、分布及变化特征,对周边地区找煤工作具有一定的指导作用。     

西藏白朗南部地区三叠纪地层沉积环境及物源

综合露头剖面、砂岩碎屑组分、地球化学、阴极发光等资料的研究,对西藏白朗地区南部三叠系沉积环境及物源开展了研究。该区三叠纪地层以灰黑色泥岩、浅灰白色石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩、灰色灰岩为主,沉积背景为拉轨岗日被动陆缘盆地的浅海-半深海环境。碎屑岩及其地球化学分析结果反映,物源总体来自克拉通内部。阴极发光结果表明,物源区石英主要为变质成因,次为火成岩成因。综合判定,研究区该套地层为下—中三叠统吕村组和上三叠统涅如组,物源区来自南部高喜马拉雅基底杂岩带。     

Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of Pagri‐Duoqing Co graben,Southern End of Yadong‐Gulu Rift,Southern Tibet

The north trending rifts in southern Tibet represent the E–W extension of the plateau and confirming the initial rifting age is key to the study of mechanics of these rifts. Pagri–Duoqing Co graben is located at southern end of Yadong–Gulu rift, where the late Cenozoic sediments is predominately composed of fluvio-lacustrine and moraine. Based on the sedimentary composition and structures, the fluvio-lacustrine could be divided into three facies, namely, lacustrine, lacustrine fan delta and alluvial fan. The presence of paleo-currents and conglomerate components and the provenance of the strata around the graben indicate that it was Tethys Himalaya and High Himalaya. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and paleo-magnetic dating suggest that the age of the strata ranges from ca. 1.2 Ma to ca. 8 Ma. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating showed that moraine in the graben mainly developed from around 181–109 ka (late Middle Pleistocene). Combining previous data about the Late Cenozoic strata in other basins, it is suggested that 8–15 Ma may be the initial rifting time. Together with sediment distribution and drainage system, the sedimentary evolution of Pagri could be divided into four stages. The graben rifted at around 15–8 Ma due to the eastern graben-boundary fault resulting in the appearance of a paleolake. Following by a geologically quiet period about 8–2.5 Ma, the paleolake expanded from east to west at around 8–6 Ma reaching its maximum at ca. 6 Ma. Then, the graben was broken at about 2.5 Ma. At last, the development of the glacier separated the graben into two parts that were Pagri and Duoqing Co since the later stages of the Middle Pleistocene. The evolution process suggested that the former three stages were related to the tectonic movement, which determined the basement of the graben, while the last stage may have been influenced by glacial activity caused by climate change.     

内蒙古1∶5万乌音呼日勒庙等四幅区域地质矿产调查新进展

内蒙古1∶5万乌音呼日勒庙等四幅区域地质矿产调查项目取得的新进展及主要成果为: 根据岩石组合、动植物化石及同位素年龄等,重新厘定、划分了16个岩石地层填图单位,在多个组段沉积岩层位中首次发现丰富的动、植物化石,建立了各地层年代学格架; 将侵入岩重新解体划分为4个填图单元,并建立了侵入岩年代学格架; 新发现1处规模较大的韧性变形带,主要为逆—左行走滑韧性断层,时代归属于中三叠世末期,为额尔古纳河—阿龙山NE向韧性变形域的南部延伸; 新发现矿(化)点20处,其中金属矿点3处,金属矿化点6处,非金属矿点9处,非金属矿化点2处; 总结了该区成矿规律,圈定了成矿远景区及找矿靶区。     

安徽省凤阳江山金矿床赋矿地层和相关岩浆岩锆石年代学研究及其意义

安徽省北部蚌埠隆起区被认为是山东胶东招远金成矿带以西的延伸部分,但蚌埠隆起区内之前一直未发现成规模的金矿床。江山金矿床是最近新发现的中型金矿床,区内成矿作用的时代、赋矿地层的归属仍缺乏系统的年代学证据。文章对蚌埠隆起区内江山金矿床的赋矿地层和相关岩浆岩开展系统的年代学研究,明确了赋矿地层时代归属,并限定了成矿时代的上限和下限。矿床赋矿围岩浅粒岩的结晶年龄为(2496±19)Ma,变质年龄为(2452±47)Ma;斜长角闪岩的变质年龄为(1824±11)Ma,对比区域地层岩性和时代,确定矿床的赋矿围岩为新太古代五河群西堌堆组,而非过去认为的庄子里组。矿床中穿切矿体的脉岩花岗闪长斑岩的结晶年龄为(121.2±1.4)Ma,代表成矿时代的下限;赋矿岩体巨斑花岗斑岩的结晶年龄为(128.3±1.7)Ma,代表了成矿时代的上限。通过与胶东金成矿带的对比,认为蚌埠隆起区与胶东地区的前寒武纪变质基底演化历史相似,江山金矿床的成矿作用类型属于胶东焦家式金矿,在此基础上,推测蚌埠隆起区西芦山岩体和淮光岩体有较大的成矿潜力。     

长江三角洲北岸土体工程地质层组划分及其应用

鉴于研究区工程地质层划分标准尚不统一,不利于工程地质资料的交流和资料的社会化利用。为提高研究区工程地质资料的通用性,结合研究区11个1∶50000标准图幅工程地质调查工作,以100m以浅的土体为工程地质层组划分对象,考虑沉积时代、沉积环境、土体结构特征和物理力学参数,建立研究区基本地层结构层序和编码,将研究区土体划分为7个工程地质层组和21个工程地质层。通过工程地质层组的建立,找出了大区域工程钻孔土层的对应关系,使区域地层资料对比分析成为可能,有助于地质模型的概化和抓住工程地质问题。采用物理力学参数离散性、绘制的地质剖面和三维型分析了工程地质层组划分的合理性,证实了层组划分结果合理正确。通过工程地质层组划分,找出了2个软弱敏感层和4个优势持力层。本文的成果对长江北岸三角洲地区的工程勘察、城市规划和建设项目选址论证具有一定的指导意义。