Oil-bearing inclusions in vein quartz and calcite and,bitumens in veins: Testament to multiple phases of hydrocarbon migration in the Barrandian basin (lower Palaeozoic), Czech Republic

The petroleum charge history of the Barrandian basin was investigated by analysing quartz and calcite and organic phases that occur in veins and fractures cutting dolerite sills within the Liteň Formation (Silurian). The geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions trapped in vein quartz and calcite, vein bitumens and adjacent potential source rocks when combined with burial and thermal history data reflect the presence of at least three separate hydrocarbon charge episodes. Solid highly reflecting (R_max = 0.92–1.49%) bitumen provides information on the first and oldest episode of oil migration. The precursor oil was probably derived relatively early during diagenesis from nearby organic-rich sediments and was subsequently thermally altered to form the solid bitumen.     

大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的分析

本文对国内外近年来关于大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的样品的采集、提取、分离及分析方法作了较为系统的介绍和比较 ,对各种方法的适用性作了评述     

Chemical characteristics of haze during summer and winter in Guangzhou

Airborne particles were collected with a 10-stage MOUDI and a PM₁₀ sampler in Guangzhou, China, during both haze and normal days in the summer of 2002 and 2003, and winter 2002. The characteristics of PAHs, organic carbon, elemental carbon and water-soluble inorganic ions were studied under four periods (summer normal, summer haze, winter normal and winter haze). In this study, secondary pollutants (OC, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺) were the major chemical components and appeared to show a remarkably rapid increase from normal to haze days. The particle mass size distributions were bimodal and dominated by fine particles in haze days. A significantly higher OC/EC ratio was found in haze days (3.2–4.7) compared to normal days (1.8–2.8), indicating secondary organic aerosol formation might be significant during haze days. Correlation analysis between visibility and chemical species showed that the major scattering species were TC (total carbon) and sulfate in normal days and nitrate and TC in haze days, respectively. Simultaneously, correlation analysis between visibility and meteorological factors demonstrated that visibility increased with both temperature and wind speed, while it decreased with relative humidity. Furthermore, the relatively higher value of IcdP/(BghiP + IcdP) and the low value of Cmax, CPI, and BghiP/BeP in winter haze could be due to the growth of motor vehicle usage and energy consumption in winter.     

PCB exposure in sea otters and harlequin ducks in relation to history of contamination by the Exxon Valdez oil spill

Exposure to contaminants other than petroleum hydrocarbons could confound interpretation of Exxon Valdez oil spill effects on biota at Prince William Sound, Alaska. Hence, we investigated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood of sea otters and harlequin ducks sampled during 1998. PCB concentrations characterized by lower chlorinated congeners were highest in sea otters from the unoiled area, whereas concentrations were similar among harlequin ducks from the oiled and unoiled area. Blood enzymes often elevated by xenobiotics were not related to PCB concentrations in sea otters. Only sea otters from the unoiled area had estimated risk from PCBs, and PCB composition or concentrations did not correspond to reported lower measures of population performance in sea otters or harlequin ducks from the oiled area. PCBs probably did not influence limited sea otter or harlequin duck recovery in the oiled area a decade after the spill.     

A new seismic attribute for ambiguity reduction in hydrocarbon prediction

Hydrocarbon prediction from seismic amplitude and amplitude‐versus‐offset is a daunting task. Amplitude interpretation is ambiguous due to the effects of lithology and pore fluid. In this paper, we propose a new attribute “J” based on a Gassmann–Biot fluid substitution to reduce ambiguity. Constrained by seismic and rock physics, the J attribute has good ability to detect hydrocarbons from seismic data. There are currently many attributes for hydrocarbon prediction. Among the existing attributes, far‐minus‐near times far and fluid factor are commonly used. In this paper, the effectiveness of these two existing attributes was compared with the new attribute. Numerical modelling was used to test the new attribute “J” and to compare “J” with the two existing attributes. The results showed that the J attribute can predict the existence of hydrocarbon in different porosity scenarios with less ambiguity than the other two attributes. Tests conducted with real seismic data demonstrated the effectiveness of the J attribute. The J attribute has performed well in scenarios in which the other two attributes gave inaccurate predictions. The proposed attribute “J” is fast and simple, and it could be used as a first step in hydrocarbon analysis for exploration.     

石油烃类污染土壤电阻率特征及其影响因素

为研究不同类型土壤受到石油烃污染后电阻率的变化情况和影响因素,采用米勒盒对4种不同类型的污染土壤进行室内电阻率实验.结果表明:粗砂和细砂的电阻率随着污染物量增加而减小,粉土和黏土的电阻率随着污染物量增加而增大,呈现出相反的趋势;当含水率大于30%时,改变含水率对土壤电阻率的影响很小,此时决定污染土电阻率的因素为土壤类型和污染物含量;温度是影响土壤电阻率的一个重要外部环境因素,受污染土壤电阻率随着温度升高而降低,符合修正参数的Campbell经验公式.     

液液萃取-超高效液相色谱法测定水中16种多环芳烃

多环芳烃(PAHs)因其难降解性、潜在毒性及环境中存在的广泛性,近年来受到越来越多的关注。本文通过色谱条件及检测波长的优化,建立了液液萃取-紫外荧光检测器串联超高效液相色谱法同时测定地下水中16 种 PAHs的分析方法。选用Waters PAH C18色谱柱,以水和乙腈作为流动相,通过调整流动相比例,实现了在16.5 min 内完成16种目标化合物的基线分离与检测,效率比传统高效液相色谱分析提高了一倍。该方法在0.01-5.00 mg/L之间具有良好的线性关系 (R2＞0.9999),PAHs 各化合物的方法检出限在1.25-7.02 ng/L之间,测定结果相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.80%-7.98%,加标回收率在65.0%-104%。本方法分析效率高,适用于批量地下水中PAHs同时筛查分析。     

太平洋海底富钴结壳中的烃类有机质及其成因意义

用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联测方法测定了中西太平洋海底海山富钴结壳中的可溶有机质,对其丰度、生源构成、沉积环境、成熟度等方面进行了初步的探讨.富钴结壳的烃类生物标志化合物大多具成熟烃特征,个别具低成熟烃特点."A"/C高达9.81～21.15,显示出运移烃的特征;藿烷C31-R(S JR)为0.43～0.46,Tm/(Tm Ts)为0.40～0.59,C30αβ藿烷/(αβ藿烷 βα莫烷)为0.85～0.89,C29αβ藿烷/(αβ藿烷 βα莫烷)为0.81～0.85,c29甾烷20S/(20S 20R)为0.45～0.60,从而计算出Rsc(%)为0.73%～0.81%,个别达到1.06%;C29αββ/(αββ ααα)为0.35～0.42.甾烷丰度顺序为C29甾烷＞C27甾烷＞C28甾烷,同时检出了孕甾烷和4-甲基甾烷,重排甾烷三角图显示该有机质为Ⅱ型.Pr/Ph值介于0.35～0.82,显示植烷优势.说明烃类形成于强还原环境.链状烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜烷、甾烷化合物的组成和分布都说明茵藻类低等水生生物和陆源高等植物混合生源输入.洋底热液活动是富钴结壳中有机质热演化的重要热源.有机质在特定的海底条件下生成,并被运移到海山上,通过扩散和浸粢由外层进入结壳.     

南桐矿区煤有机显微组分特征及与油气生成关系研究

根据有机岩石学方法研究了南桐矿区煤有机显微组分的特征。在显微镜下发现了大量与煤成烃有关的有机显微组分,如渗出体,变渗出体,各向异性微粒体,各向异性沥青质体,变木栓质体等。它们与该矿区煤层的高含烃性有着密切的成因关系,并且是高含烃性煤成烃的显微光学标志。     

广西金牙金矿有机包裹体激光拉曼光谱研究

金牙金矿是桂西北微细粒浸染型金矿床具有代表意义的典型矿床。其赋矿层位为三叠系中统百蓬组的富有机碳的浊积岩系。通过对成矿过程中有机包裹体的激光拉曼分子微探针研究认为:(1)有机质在成矿过程中会发生热降解,其降解产物烃的量可衡量热的程度;(2)无机组分和CO2/CH4 参数可用于研究热液的地球化学环境。